PURPOSE: This study was to examine the level of aging knowledge, family strengths and ageism in addition to identify the influence of ageism among nursing students. METHODS: The participants were 235 nursing students at a university. Data were collected from May 14, to June 8, 2018. Data were analyzed with t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 22 program. RESULTS: Average score in ageism was 41.41±7.65, indicating the moderate to severe level of ageism. Ageism of nursing students was negatively correlated with ageing knowledge and family strengths. The significant predictors for ageism in nursing students were experience of living with grandparents (β=−.21, p=.001), family strengths (β=−.20, p=.002), ageing knowledge (β=−.15, p=.022), grade (β=.13, p=.040). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it is necessary to develop and apply an educational program to improve the awareness of ageism among nursing students.
Ageism* ; Aging ; Grandparents ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting quality of life among grandparents raising their grandchildren. METHODS: This study carried out a secondary analysis of data from the 2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) and Statistics Korea. Data collected from 224 grandparents who reported raising their grandchildren were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficient, and multilevel regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of the participants' quality of life was 62.63. Significant predictors of quality of life of the grandparents included subjective health status, last year's total house income, number of last year's travels, frequency of last year's movie seeing, and number of children's parks per 100,000 population. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that public health nurses in improving quality of life of grandparents focus on children's parks and formal social supports as community factors as well as regular exercise as an individual factor in order to be more effective.
Aging ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Grandparents* ; Korea ; Longitudinal Studies ; Multilevel Analysis ; Nurses, Public Health ; Quality of Life*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate working mothers' satisfaction with non-maternal infant care, social support, and the relationships thereof with variables including parenting efficacy. METHODS: A total of 116 working mothers who had experiences of infant non-maternal care were recruited from online communities of working mothers, and 93 participants were ultimately included in this study. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires in March 2018. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for analysis. RESULTS: Satisfaction with non-maternal care showed positive correlations with social support from others (r=0.52, p < 0.001), and parenting efficacy (r=0.39, p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between social support from others and parenting efficacy (r=0.32, p=0.002). Satisfaction with non-maternal care was relatively high (86.27%), and it was highest when non-maternal care was provided by the maternal grandparents. The mean score for social support from others was 36.49±8.86. CONCLUSION: To increase satisfaction with non-maternal care, education for non-maternal caregivers and social support programs for working mothers are required.
Caregivers ; Education ; Grandparents ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Infant ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents

Hansen's disease (leprosy) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae which affect mainly skin and nerve systems. Currently the incidence of leprosy reached the goals set by WHO in the year 2000. In recent 10 years, only 47 new patients were found in Koreans and their average age was over 70. A 21 year-old young man showed multiple erythematous papules, macules and plaque at face, extremities and trunk. In family history, his grandfather was diagnosed with leprosy at young age and leprosy was recurred when the patient was 7 years old. The patient lived with grandfather from birth to 7 years old. Clinico-pathologically he was diagnosed with a lepromatous leprosy. We performed VNTR both at the skin tissue of grandfather and patient to find out the infection pathway of the patient and found some consistent. Herein, we report a new case of young Korean male transmitted from grandfather.
Communicable Diseases ; Extremities ; Grandparents ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Male ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Parturition ; Skin

OBJECTIVES: Two related cases of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) were reported to the Korea National Institute of Health in May, 2001. Shiga toxin 2 genes were detected in both stool samples. We suspected an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection as the cause of the HUS, and conducted an investigation to find the source of the infection and its route of transmission. METHODS: We performed case investigations on these two related HUS cases, and obtained interviews and rectal swabs form the family members and other close contacts. Additionally, we performed rectal swabs on the cattle raised by the household of the index patient. RESULTS: We found a 20 month old index patient and a 6 year-old cousin had developed HUS, where there had been a 2 day history of contact with the index, and bacteriological examinations for these two patients revealed, indistinguishably, the same E. coli O171. The grandmother of the index patient was found to be asymptomatic, but E. coli O26 was isolated. We also found a probable case in the mother of the cousin. She reported a history of contact with the index, and developed bloody diarrhea of 3 days duration. The test results for the cattle revealed E. coli O26 in one cow, and E. coli O26 and O55 in another. E. coli O26, which was isolated in both cows and the grandmother of the index, were indistinguishably the same. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the E. coli O26 in the grandmother had originated from the cows, and that the E. coli O171 found in the index patient had been transmitted to the cousin through person-to-person contact.
Animals ; Cattle ; Diarrhea ; Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli* ; Family Characteristics ; Grandparents ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mothers ; Shiga Toxin 2 ; Zoonoses

Aggrecan is a proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix of growth plate and cartilaginous tissues. Aggrecanopathy has been reported as a genetic cause not only for severe skeletal dysplasia but also for autosomal dominant short stature with normal to advanced bone age. We report a novel heterozygous mutation of ACAN in a Korean family with proportionate short stature identified through targeted exome sequencing. We present a girl of 4 years and 9 months with a family history of short stature over three generations. The paternal grandmother is 143 cm tall (−3.8 as a Korean standard deviation score [SDS]), the father 155 cm (−3.4 SDS), and the index case 96.2 cm (−2.9 SDS). Evaluation for short stature showed normal growth hormone (GH) peaks in the GH provocation test and a mild delayed bone age for chronological age. This subject had clinical characteristics including a triangular face, flat nasal bridge, prognathia, blue sclerae, and brittle teeth. The targeted exome sequencing was applied to detect autosomal dominant growth palate disorder. The novel variant c.910G>A (p.Asp304Asn) in ACAN was identified and this variant was found in the subject's father using Sanger sequencing. This is the first case of Korean familial short stature due to ACAN mutation. ACAN should be considered for proportionate idiopathic short stature, especially in cases of familial short stature.
Aggrecans ; Exome ; Extracellular Matrix ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Female ; Grandparents ; Growth Hormone ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Palate ; Proteoglycans ; Sclera ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Several contradictory studies exist on the relationship between raising grandchildren and the grandparent's health. The present study identified the association between raising grandchildren and depression among Korean grandparents.METHODS: The wave 1 (2006) and wave 2 (2008) databases of the Korean longitudinal study on aging (KLoSA) were analyzed. T-test and chi-square test were used to compare the demographics and health condition variable between the two groups based on the presence or absence of raising grandchildren. Logistic regression analysis, including demographics and health conditions, was conducted to identify the relationship between depression and raising grandchildren. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D-10).RESULTS: In all, 4,784 participants (4,636: not raising grandchildren; 148: raising grandchildren) were examined. Significantly lower CES-D-10 scores (3.34 vs. 4.35, P<0.001), and therefore, lower depression (25% vs. 39.9%, P<0.001) was found among grandparents raising grandchildren than those who did not raise grandchildren. After adjusting the confounding variables through logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of depression when raising grandchildren was 0.57 (95% confidence interval=0.37–0.89), which indicates significant relevance.CONCLUSION: The results show lower depressive symptoms among grandparents raising grandchildren. Even after adjusting the variables, the results presented a lower risk of depression among them.
Adult ; Aging ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Demography ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Grandparents ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Odds Ratio

Interchromosomal insertion of Y chromosome heterochromatin in an autosome was identified in a fetus and a family. A fetal karyotype was analyzed as 46,XX,dup(7)(?q22q21.1) in a referred amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation for advanced maternal age. In the familial karyotype analyses for identification of der(7), the mother, the first daughter and the maternal grandmother showed the same der(7) as the fetus's. CBG-banding was positive at 7q22 region of der(7) that indicated inserted material was originated from heterochromatin. The origin of heterochromatic insertion region in der(7) of the fetus and the mother was found in Yq12 region by fluorescent in situ hybridization with a DYZ1 probe. In the specific analysis of Y chromosomal heterochromatic region of ins(7;Y) of the mother, 15 sequence tagged sites from Yp11.3 region including SRY to Yq11.223 region was not detected. Final karyotypes of the mother, the first daughter and the maternal grandmother were reported as 46,XX,der(7)ins(7;Y)(q21.3;q12q12). All female carriers of ins(7;Y) in the family showed normal phenotype and the mother and the maternal grandmother were fertile. A healthy girl was born at term. We report a rare case of familial interchromosomal insertion of Y chromosome heterochromatin detected only in female family members with normal phenotype that was diagnosed prenatally.
Amniocentesis ; Female ; Fetus ; Grandparents ; Heterochromatin* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotype ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Y Chromosome*

PURPOSE: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common and possibly fatal infectious disease, and its incidence and prevalence is quite high in Korea compared to other Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Patients who have active TB can cause latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children, which may progress to reactivated tuberculosis. This study was performed to analyze the risk of adult TB that affects children's LTBI. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, 60 children (32 boys, 28 girls) who came into close contact with adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB underwent LTBI tests. The children were divided into the 2 groups: the first group was finally diagnosed to LTBI, and the second group was proven not to have LTBI. We compared the risk of adult patients with pulmonary TB between children with LTBI and those without through a medical record review. RESULTS: The number of adult patients with TB was 36 (father 68%, mother 23%, grandparents 8%). The patients who came into close contact with the LTBI group were older (47.0±12.8 years vs. 41.3±6.6 years) and had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels than those of the second group. The rate of negative acid-fast-bacilli smear with positive culture results in patients who came into contact with the LBTI group was higher than in the second group. The cutoff value of ESR for the diagnosis of LTBI was 31 mm/hr with a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.85 (area under curve=0.748). CONCLUSION: Adult pulmonary TB patients who are older and have higher ESR levels may be risk factors for LTBI in children coming into close contact with them.
Adult ; Blood Sedimentation ; Child* ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics* ; Grandparents ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Latent Tuberculosis* ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a hereditary humoral immunodeficiency that results from Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene mutations. These mutations cause defects in B-cell development, resulting in the virtual absence of these lymphocytes from the peripheral circulation. Consequently, this absence leads to a profound deficiency of lg all isotypes, and an increased susceptibility to encapsulated bacterial infections. A 15-month-old Korean boy presented with recurrent sinusitis and otitis media after 6 months of age, and had a family history of 2 maternal uncles with XLA. Laboratory tests revealed a profound deficiency of Ig isotypes, and a decreased count of CD19⁺ B cells in the peripheral circulation. Based on his family history and our laboratory test results, he was diagnosed with XLA. We performed BTK gene analysis of peripheral blood samples obtained from family members to confirm the diagnosis. Mutational analysis revealed a novel hemizygous frameshift mutation (c.82delC, p.Arg28Alafs*5), in the BTK gene. His mother and maternal grandmother were heterozygous carriers of this mutation and his two maternal uncles were hemizygous at the same position. After XLA diagnosis, intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg, monthly) treatment was initiated; recurrent sinusitis and otitis media were subsequently brought under control. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a Korean pedigree with a novel mutation in the BTK gene.
Agammaglobulinemia* ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacterial Infections ; Diagnosis ; Frameshift Mutation ; Grandparents ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Mothers ; Otitis Media ; Pedigree ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Sinusitis