INTRODUCTION: Activation of angiogenesis stimulated by Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in host cells play a role in response to damaged gastric mucosal in gastritis patient with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The study showed that presence of polymorphisms in VEGF gene is associated with an increased risk of several disorders like gastric cancer. Infiltration of neutrophils in the gastric mucosa characterized acute gastritis. It can become chronic inflammation characterized by lymphocyte infiltration. This condition will complicate glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosal epithelium and subsequently cause gastric malignancy. The aim of this study to analyze association between VEGF +936 C>T polymorphism gene with degree of neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltration in gastritis patients with H. pylori. METHODS: Samples were obtained through consecutive sampling in April-August 2019. Gastritis was ensured by endoscopy while histological feature was defined by Sydney system. H. pylori was examined by Campylobacter Like Organism test (CLO) and VEGF + 936 C> T gene polymorphism was ensured using PCR TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay rs2010963. Chi-square analysis was used in this study to determine the association between VEGF + 936 C>T gene polymorphism with degree of neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltration. RESULTS: Of 60 gastritis patients, there were CT genotype (37.5%), followed by CC genotypes (36.7%), and TT genotypes (35%). Patients with CC genotype increased the risk of 18 times moderate and severe neutrophil infiltration compared to CT+TT genotypes (p=0.001). There was no relationship between VEGF + 936 C>T polymorphism and the degree of lymphocytes infiltration (p=0.293) CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between VEGF + 936 C>T polymorphism and the degree of neutrophil infiltration but there was no association between VEGF + 936 C>T polymorphism and the degree of neutrophil infiltration.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Gastritis ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Background: Human blood groups may play a key role in various human diseases. An association has been found between ABO blood groups and both infectious and non-infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Dyspepsia is one of the most common encountered gastrointestinal complaints. Aims: To investigate the association between ABO blood groups and severity of dyspepsia symptoms in a specific ethnic group. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Consecutive adult Nias tribe dyspepsia outpatients in the General District Hospital, Gunungsitoli Nias,Indonesia, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire between May–June 2018. The severity of dyspepsia was assessed with the Porto Alegre Dyspeptic Symptoms Questionnaire (PADYQ) scoring instrument. ABO blood groups were determined by a standard direct agglutination test. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in all participants. Data were statistically analyzed using statistical software. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of 66 patients, 54.5% were males, with median age of 47 years (range, 23–67). Majority of the participants had blood group O (48.5%). The most encountered dyspepsia symptom was epigastric pain (66.7%). Participants with blood group type B had significantly more severe dyspepsia symptoms based on total PADYQ score (p=0.017). Participants with blood group type O were more prone to epigastric pain (p=0.015), while blood group type B to bloating (p=0.01) and early satiation (p=0.02). Conclusion In outpatients from the Nias tribe with dyspepsia, those with blood group type B had more severe dyspepsia symptoms.
ABO Blood-Group System