ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of clopidogrel in human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) injury.MethodsSet up GES-1 cells monolayer culture model.Then the GES-1 cells were divided into negative control group,U0126 intervented group,clopidogrel intervented group and combined intervented group (U0t26 treated firstly then clopidogrel intervented).The cell proliferation and apoptosis in each group was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Flow cytometry.TheexpressionofphosphorylatedERK1/2ineachgroupwasdetectedby immunocytochemistry method,and the expression quantity of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in each group was measured by western blot.ResultsThe result of MTT assay showed that compared with negative control group,the proliferation of GES-1 cells was inhibited in U0126 group,clopidogrel group and combined intervented group,and the inhibition percentage was 21.8％ ±2.7％,46.3％ ± 3.4％ and 82.9 ％ ± 0.8 ％ respectively ( F=615.556,P =0.000 ).The result of immunocytochemistry indicated that the expression of p-ERK in U0126 group,Clopidogrel group and combined intervented group decreased compared with negative control group,which was 10.80±1.64,7.20± 1.64,4.40±0.89and 1.40±0.55 respecitively (F=49.426,P=0.000).The result of western blot and immunocytochemistry was of the same trend.Conclusion In GES-1 cell model,clopidogrel may injureGES-1 cells through MAPK/EPK signal transduction pathway.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of dilated intercellular space detected by light microscope for non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive esophagitis (RE). Methods A total of 104 subjects were divided into normal control group (n = 20), NERD group (n = 30) and RE group (n = 54).Biopsies were taken at 2-3 cm above the dentate line and were examined by light microscope to calculate the intercellular space and compared between different groups. Results The mean values of intercellular space in RE ( 1.40 ±0. 17 μm) and NERD ( 1.11 ± 0. 14 μm) were significantly higher than that in control group (0.66±0. 18 μm, x2 = 154. 170, P =0.000). But no significant difference was noted between RE and NERD groups ( t = 0. 044, P = 0. 834). The cut-off value of mean intercellular space with light microscope was 0. 89 μm, with sensitivity and specificity at 95.2% and 95.0%, respectively. Conclusion Dilated intercellular space under light microscope can be a sensitive, specific and objective indicator of NERD.

Objective To predict transport properties in vivo of oligopeptides in Zhima (Sesame, Sesamum indicum) based on computer-assisted proteolysis. Methods Main protein sequences in Zhima were collected,protein simulated digestive hydrolysis was conducted with computer-assisted proteolysis, and obtained oligopeptides were taken to establish virtual structure database. A support vector machine (SVM) model of Pep T2 substrate was established. Through data treating and parameter optimization to select the bast modef for predicting Pep T2 substrate components in Zima. Results There were 346 oligopeptides in the database of Zhima oligopeptides and 45 descriptors obtained after screening. SVM model of PepT2 substrate was established and its accuracy,sensitivity and specificity were all higher than 85%. The analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that area under curve (AUC) was greater than 0.9. The prediction of the database of Zhima oligopeptides by using SVM model of PepT2 substrate showed that 36% Zhima oligopeptides had latent activities of transporting by PepT2. Conclusion A database of Zhima oligopeptides is established by using computer-assisted proteolysis. The SVM model of PepT2 substrate is used to predict transport properties of Zhima oligopeptides, and it is accuracy,stable and sensitive with high specificity. The study provides a new method for the researches on absorption properties of oligopeptides components in Chinese materia medica.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of different stone scoring systems for predicting the stone-free rate (SFR) after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).Methods:The clinical data of 227 patients with lithiasis undergoing RIRS from June 2017 to December 2020 in Affiliated Benq Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Qingdao Fuwai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 152 males and 75 females. The average age was (53.0±10.4) years old. The average body mass index was (26.9±2.1)kg/m 2. The maximum diameter of the stone was (22.7±12.8)mm. The stone is located in left side in 133 cases and in right side in 94 cases. The stones of 44 cases were located in upper ureter, upper calyceal or renal pelvis, that of 23 cases were in medium calyceal, 157 cases in lower calyceal, and 3 cases in calyceal diverticulum.The average CT value of stone was (778.3±350.4)HU. American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA)scores: 86 cases of grade Ⅰ, 129 cases of grade Ⅱ, 12 cases of grade Ⅲ. Preoperative non-contrast CT was conducted and three-dimensional data were constructed. A single observer reviewed and entered the modified S.T.O.N.E., RUSS, modified S-ReSC, R. I.R.S., SHA.LIN, Ito nomogram, S. O.L.V.E., stone free index (SFI) scores. Logistic analysis were performed between every score and SFR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to detect sensitivity and specificity of every score in predicting the SFR. The predictive accuracies of all scores were compared. Results:The SFR was 83.0%(189/227). There were statistically significant differences in modified S. T.O.N.E.(10.5±1.9 vs. 12.7±1.8), RUSS[1(0, 4) vs. 3(0, 6)], modified S-ReSC (8.2±5.6 vs. 11.8±6.0), R.I.R.S.(6.2±1.4 vs. 8.1±1.2), SHA.LIN (9.9±2.4 vs. 13.0±2.1), Ito nomogram (12.1±5.8 vs. 4.3±3.3), S. O.L.V.E. (6.8±1.6 vs. 8.7±1.2), SFI score (7.9±1.1 vs. 6.3±0.9) between the stone-free group and the stone remaining group ( P <0.05). Logistic regression revealed that modified S.T.O.N.E., RUSS, modified S-ReSC, R. I.R.S., SHA.LIN, Ito nomogram, S. O.L.V.E. and SFI score were significantly associated with SFR( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the area under the curve (AUC) between the modified S. T.O.N.E., RUSS, R. I.R.S., SHA.LIN, Ito nomogram, S. O.L.V.E. and SFI score( P>0.05), but there were significant differences in the AUC between modified S-ReSC score and other score ( P<0.05). When the cutoff of SHA.LIN, SFI and R. I.R.S. score was determined as 10, 6 and 6 scores, the specificity of SHA.LIN, SFI and R. I.R.S. score was 94.7%, 92.6% and 89.5%, respectively. Conclusions:All score could predict the postoperative SFR of RIRS, while the SHA.LIN, SFI and R.I.R.S. score were more accurate than the other scores. The accuracy of the modified S-ReSC in predicting SFR after RIRS was slightly worse than other scores.

Objective To explore the multi-target mechanism of neuroprotective effect of Buyang Huan-wu Decoction (BYHWD)against cerebral ischemia injury by using molecular docking.Methods 230 ingredients and metabolites of herbal Chinese medicines of BYHWD were collected and docked with seven active binding sites of five glutamate receptors.The potential anti-cerebral ischemia injury active com-pounds were screened and the molecular mechanism of the active ingredients was analyzed using molecu-lar docking.Results Calycosin,formononetin,perlolyrine and lactiflorin,main compounds of BYH-WD,interacted with two or more binding sites of glutamate receptors,which showed that BYHWD’s neu-roprotective effect against cerebral ischemia in the way of multiple compounds working on multiply targets and multiply sites.Majority of components from the chief drug Radix Astragali (Huangqi)and minority of components from deputy drug Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui)and assistant herbs Rhizoma Chua-nxiong,Radix Paepmoae Rubra (Chishao),and Flos Carthami (Honghua),consistent with the combi-nation principles of BYHWD.Conclusion The multi-target neuroprotective effect of BYHWD against cerebral ischemia injury was studied at the molecular level,which can guide the application of BYHWD in clinic.Meanwhile,this study also can provide reference for discovering novel traditional Chinese medi-cines to treat cerebral ischemia injury.