The article is to discuss the effect of the trained SPs acted by retired nurses in the test of internal medicine inquiry in OSCE for the graduates. The results were evaluated by those samples drawn from medical students who took part in OSCE and the professors. The evaluation of the SPs was objective and accurate, and they acted well. There are remarkable advantages in retired nurses simulating standardized patients, and it deserves extensive application in clinical medical education in our country.

Objective To evaluate the relation of circadian blood pressure rhythm with vascular status in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension.MethodsAnkle-brachial index (ABI),brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured in 74 elderly patients with non-dipper hypertension (non-dipper group)、78 elderly patients with dipper hypertension ( dipper group),and 72 healthy controls ( control group).Results In comparison with the dipper group,baPWV and IMT of the non-dipper group were significantly increased [ baPWV (1801.61± 314.27) vs (1658.67±274.80) (cm/s)],P＜0.01; IMT:(0.96 ±0.22) vs (0.87 +0.19) (mm),(P＜0.05),while ABI of the non-dipper group was decreased (1.03 ±0.17 vs1.12 ±0.18,P＜0.01).Identification rate was significantly different among 3 groups when baPWV ＞1400 cm/s (x2 =12.57,P ＜0.01) or ABI ＜0.9 ( x2 =9.74,P ＜0.01).The detection of carotid plaques was also significantly different ( x2 =16.49,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions These findings suggest that vascular damage could be found in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension,especially in those with non-dipper hypertension.ABI,baPWV and IMT measurement may be helpful for the assessment of vascular status.

Objective To detect the micro flow signals of carotid plaque by ultrasound B-flow imaging (BFI) and elucidate its relationship with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 63 patients with carotid plaques were divided into 2 groups.acute cerebral infarction (ACI,n =48) and control (n =15).BFI was used to detect the micro flow signals of plaques and comparisons were made with the categorizing results of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEU).The data were analyzed between two methods.Results The micro flow signals were detected in 15.7％ (22/140)patients in the ACI group vs.2.3％(1/44) in the control group.There were more signals in hypoechoic plaques.The detection percentage of micro flow in grade Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ with CEU (P =0.005,P =0.027).No significant differences existed between grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P =1.000).Conclusion BFI can detect effectively the micro flow signals of carotid plaques and this characteristic is correlated with the symptoms of ACI.

Objective To construct a recombinant Ientiviral vector of mFVII/Fc and investigate its transfective efficiency into human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs),and to detect the expression of mFVII/Fc fusion gene in vitro. Methods Coagulation factor VII (FVII) was cloned in vitro,with a point mutation from Lys to Ala in the position of 341 in the gene level.The cDNA fragments of mutational FVII (mFVII) and those of IgG1Fc were fused together with DNA ligase.After digestion,integration and sequencing,the fusion DNA was identified and transfected human embryonic kidney 293T cell packaging for re-mFVII/Fc lentiviral vector.After successful identification of vectors,detect the Ientiviral titer determination,bulk transfer after the determination of best MOI value of the third generation of hBMSCs,obseve the GFP expression with fluorescence microscope,have relative quantitative analyse of mRNA and protein expression of mFVII/Fc with RT-PCR and ELISA at different time points. Results In contrast with GenBank ID: AF 272774,the fusion gene matches exactly except the synonymous mutation,and the titer of packaging lentivirus was 2×108 TU/ml.Analyzed by Flow cytometry, indentification results of hBMSCs were as follows,CD+29(98.08%),CD+44 (97.63%),CD+34(0.31%) and CD+45(0.58%),respectively.The transfection efficiency of hBMSCs after 72 hours was (84±3)%,and the hBMSCs with mFVII/FC transfcetion have a large number of mRNA transcription and protein expression levels. Conclusions In this experiment we obtained a stable genetic vector with hBMSCs fusion gene expression successfully,which lay a foundation for the tissue factor study of prostate cancer targeting therapy and cancer gene therapy research.

Background and purpose:Bladder cancer is the most common urological tumor, and its pathogen-esis is still not fully understood. The study was aimed to observe the expressions of key genes in many tumor-associated signaling pathways in normal bladder tissue and bladder carcinoma, and to provide further evidence for the subsequent study of bladder cancer recurrence and metastasis.Methods:Twenty-seven cases of bladder cancer specimens were col-lected, and normal bladder tissues and bladder cancer tissues were distinguished by frozen section. Then, the expressions of 84 genes of cancer-related signaling pathways in bladder cancer tissues and normal bladder tissues were screened by Cancer Pathway Finder PCR Array produced by QIAGEN company.Results:Compared with the normal bladder tissues, the bladder carcinoma tissues had 8 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes. In this study, the impact of epithe-lial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway was selected as a research direction in which theGSC,KRT14,DSP were up-regulated,SNAI2,SNAI3 were down-regulated. ThereforeGSC,KRT14,DSP,SNAI2 andSNAI3 were chosen as target genes, and verified by qRT-PCR in many examples. The result showed that the expressions ofGSC gene in bladder cancer tissues were up-regulated, but with no statistical significance;KRT14,DSP expressions in bladder cancer were higher than those in normal bladder tissues (P<0.05);SNAI2,SNAI3 expressions in bladder cancer were lower than those in normal bladder tissues (P<0.05), andSNAI3 showed the most obvious expression differences.Conclusion:KRT14,DSP andSNAI3 may play an important role in bladder cancer’s occurrence, development and metastasis.

Objective To evaluate periphery artery and renal injury in elderly patients with dipper and non-dipper isolated systolic hypertension(ISH). Methods Totally 187 elderly cases were divided into 51 patients with non-dipper hypertension,70 patients with dipper hypertension aged (72.4±5.6) years and 66 cases with normal blood pressure as control according to results of dynamic blood pressure recorder. Ankle-brachial index (ABI),brachial ankle artery pulse wave velocity (baPWV),retinol-binding protein (RBP) and Cystatin C were assessed. ABI and baPWV were determined by a non-invasive automatic waveform analyzer. Results The baPWV value in nondipper group was higher than dipper group [(1869.3±285.6)cm/s vs.(1703.1±235.2)cm/s,q=4.73,P＜0.01],while the value of ABI in non-dipper group was lower than dipper group (1.0 ±0.2vs.1.1±0.2,q=4.74,P＜0.01).The level of Cystatin C was elevated in non-dipper group versus dipper group [(1.4±0.5) mg/L vs. (1.0±0.5)mg/L,q=6.92,P＜0.01]. There were no differences in RBP concentration among the three groups (F=2.39,P＞0.05).At baPWV＞ 1400cm/s,the level of Cystatin C was increased in 47 cases with non-dipper hypertension as compared with 64 cases with dipper hypertension [(1.4±0.5)mg/L vs.(1.1±0.5)mg/L,q=5.59,P＜0.01].Conclusions The elderly patients with non-dipper hypertension may be more easily suffered from periphery artery and renal injury in comparison with dipper hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effect of human interferon-beta (IFN-β) gene engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in the treatment of human prostate cancer xenograft in nude mice.Methods An adenovirus vector containing human IFN-β gene was constructed and transfected into hMSC in vitro.IFN-β-expressing mesenchymal stem cells (IFN-β-hMSC) were labeled with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 were injected into the flank or axillary of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice subcutaneously to establish human prostate cancer xenograft models.IFN-β-hMSC were injected into the tail vein of mice bearing human prostate cancer xenografts.The tumors,livers,lungs,spleens and kidneys were harvested.Frozen sections and paraffin sections were used to observe the distribution of IFN-β-hMSC in vivo by fluorescence microscope.Mice were divided into seven groups of six animals randomly,IFN-β-hMSC (2 × 106,2 × 105 ) as treatment group,Ad-hMSC,unmodified hMSC,Ad-IFN-β,Recombinant IFN-β,and NS as control group.The weight of the tumor and the survival time of mice were observed to evaluate the experimental efficacies of IFN-β-hMSC in the treatment of prostate cancer. Results IFN-β-hMSC with blue nuclei were distributed extensively in the tumors,but no blue nucleus was seen in the livers,lungs,spleens and kidneys.After treating,the weights of the tumour masses from mice were (1.35 ±0.28) g,(1.43±0.41) g,(3.49 ±0.25)g,(3.58±0.30)g,(3.30 ±0.24) g,(3.32 ±0.25) g,(3.32 ±0.47) g in the IFN-β-hMSC (2 ×106),IFN-β-hMSC (2 ×105),Ad-hMSC,unmodified hMSC,Ad-IFN-β,Recombinant IFN-β,and NS group,the median survival time from mice were 91 d,87 d,57 d,59 d,62 d,61 d,61 d in the IFN-β-hMSC (2 × 106),IFN-β-hMSC (2 × 105),Ad-hMSC,unmodified hMSCs,Ad-IFN-β,Recombinant IFN-β,and NS group,respectively.Injection of IFN-β-MSC can significantly reduce tumor weight and increase animal survival compared with controls ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion IFN-β-hMSC can migrate to prostate cancer microenviroment in vivo,and injection of IFN-β-MSC can significantly reduce tumor weight and increase animal survival.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in treatment of chyluria.Methods Retrospectively analyze the HIFU-based treatment results of 131 patients with chyluria received treatment between Jan 2010 and Jun 2011.The patients' age ranges from 23 to 83 years old,with average 59.The patients consisted of 59 male patients and 72 female patients.74 cases were on the left side,right side 51 cases,6 cases bilateral.There were 47 patients with chylous hematuria,22 cases of recurrence after renal pedicle lymphatic vessel ligation,5 cases of recurrence after laparoscopic ligation of renal lymphatic,1 cases of recurrent pelvic perfusion after silver nitrate.The treatment was carried out according to the following procedure.The affected kidney pedicle and superior segment of ureter,after being divided into two or three irradiation layers,were irradiated daily from deep to superficial layers which completely cover the affected kidney pedicle and superior segment of ureter.The technical parameters of the treatment were:focal region size 4 mm×4 mm×7 mm,Ultrasonic power 800-1100 W,Unit firing time 0.15s,Dutv time 0.18s,Single point total transmit 50 times.The patients were followed up and re-examined within one to five years after treatment.Statistical analyses were conducted on the data of Color doppler ultrasound images on kidney pedicle and renal function tests before and after the treatment,blood routine examination and routine urianlysis.Results 116 patients were followed up and the treatment to 96 of them was deemed effective in which 85 patients completely recovered (73.3％ recovering rate) and 11 patients became better (9.5％).The other 20 patients (17.2％) was ineffective.With regard to the time required to cure chyluria,67 patients (69.8％) required one week,13 (13.5％) required two weeks,11 (11.5％) required four weeks,and 5 (7.5％) required five weeks.Results of color doppler ultrasound images on kidney pedicle and renal function tests were as follows.The volume of kidney,the inner diameter of renal artery,Vmax,RI,inner diameter and blood flow rate of renal vein and serum Cr,serum BUN had no significant difference before and after the treatment (P＞0.05).Results of anemia,hematuria,microscopic hematuria and urinary protein positive were significantly different from the before-treatment results (P＜0.05).During the treatment process,all patients had stable vital signs without serious complications.Conclusions Treating chyluria with HIFU could be a safe and effective method.

Objective To investigate the effect of notch signaling pathway on drug resistance and invasiveness of bladder cancer .Methods We observed the changes of growth and morphology of bladder cancer T 24 , 5637 and J82 cells which treated for 48 hours using γ-secretase inhibitor by inverted microscope .The mRNA and protein lev-els of the EMT molecular markers , including E-cadherin , N-cadherin , vimentin and Alpha-smooth muscle actin were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot in bladder cancer cells;Detected the changes of drug resistance and invasion respectively by MTT and Transwell in bladder cancer cells .Results After completely blocking the Notch signaling pathway , the inverted microscope showed that bladder cancer cells became smaller and more disperse ;RT-PCR and Western blot showed the mRNA and protein levels of E-cadherin were up-regulated ( P<0.05 ) , contrast , N-cadherin , vimentin and Alpha-smooth muscle actin were down-regulated ( P<0.05 ); The prolifera-tion of bladder cancer cells were significantly inhibited by MTT test;The number of through microporous membrane cells significantly decreased ( P<0.05 ) shown by Transwell test .Conclusions The Notch signaling pathway is completely blocked that nhibites proliferation and EMT of bladder cancer cells , reduces drug resistance and inva-sion in bladder cancer cells .It suggests that drug resistance and invasiveness of bladder cancer can be changed through EMT which is regulated through notch signaling pathway .

Objective To evaluate the surgical techniques and clinical applications of single-port transumlilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Methods From August 2009 to March 2010, 15 patients were treated with single-port transumbilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. There were 12 males and 3 females,aged 12 to 55 years with an average age of 20 years, who were diagnosed by diuretic renography,IVU, and MRU et al. A single umbilical incision of 3. 5cm was made for single-port trocar and a flexible-tip 0°digital video-laparoscope was used in all cases. The procedures were performed according to the methods used in classical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with general instruments. ResultsAll operations were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 90 (75-145) min, and the mean hospital stay length was 6 days. No organs injury occurred during operation, and no urine leakage was found afer operation. The symptoms of low back pain disappeared and hydronephrosis reduced apparently or dispeared without any anastomotic stenosis after follow-up of 4-6 months. Conclusions Single-port transumbilical laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is feasible, effective and safe for the treatment of UPJO.