Objective: To investigate the value of prostate volume, free prostate-specific antigen (f-PSA)/ total PSA (t-PSA) ratio, PSA density (PSAD), colour Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography (CETRUS) in patients with PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL. Methods: Retrospective analysis were performed in 119 patients with serum prostate-specific antigen level of 4-10 ng/mL who suspected prostate cancer in Pudong Gongli Hospital from Jan 2015 to Jul 2018. All patients received TRUS-guided rectal (8+n)-core method biopsy. According to the result of puncture, the prostate cancer detection rate in patients with different prostate volumes, f-PSA/t-PSA ratios, PSADs, colour Doppler blood flow signals and CETRUS examination results. Results: The detection rate of prostate cancer in biopsies was 56.3% (67/119). The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia was 43.7% (52/119). The detection rate of prostate cancer in patients with f-PSA/t-PSA ratio ≤ 0.15 was higher than that with f-PSA/t-PSA ratio>0.15 (73.6% vs 42.4%, P=0.001). The detection rate of prostate cancer in the patients with PSAD>0.2 µg/L was higher than PSAD ≤ 0.2 µg/L(69.8% vs 48.7%, P=0.026). The detection rate of prostate cancer in the patients with positive CETRUS results was higher than that with negative CETRUS results (72.4% vs 41.0%, P=0.001). Conclusion: The f-PSA/t-PSA ratio, PSAD and CETRUS examination results have important clinical significance for diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with serum PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL.

BACKGROUND: To determine the protective role of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in regulating sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI). METHODS: A total of 96 mice were randomly divided into the control group, control+MANF group, S-AKI group, and S-AKI+MANF group. The S-AKI model was established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally. MANF (200 μg/kg) was administered to the control+MANF and S-AKI+MANF groups. An equal dose of normal saline was administered daily intraperitoneally in the control and S-AKI groups. Serum and kidney tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of MANF in the kidney, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine expression of MANF in the serum, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]). Serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were examined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. In addition, the kidney tissue was observed for pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The comparison between two groups was performed by unpaired Student’s t-test, and statistics among multiple groups were carried out using Tukey’s post hoc test following one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: At the early stage of S-AKI, MANF in the kidney tissue was up-regulated, but with the development of the disease, it was down-regulated. Renal function was worsened in the S-AKI group, and TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated. The administration of MANF significantly alleviated the elevated levels of SCr and BUN and inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the kidney. The pathological changes were more extensive in the S-AKI group than in the S-AKI+MANF group. CONCLUSION: MANF treatment may significantly alleviate renal injury, reduce the inflammatory response, and alleviate or reverse kidney tissue damage. MANF may have a protective effect on S-AKI, suggesting a potential treatment for S-AKI.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations on the lung injury in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS-R). Methods: Fifty healthy male New Zealand rabbits, aged 2 months, weighing 1.9-2.4 kg, were divided into 5 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), HS-R group (group H), and three HS-R plus infusion of concentrated red blood cell groups group R₁ (60 g/L≤Hb<80 g/L), group R₂ (80 g/L≤Hb<100 g/L) and group R₃ (100 g/L≤Hb<120 g/L). The animals were sacrificed at 3 h after resuscitation, lung tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes with a light microscope, and lung tissues were obtained again for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO level and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL). Results: Compared with group C, the levels of MAP and NO, W/D ratio and apoptosis index were significantly increased in the other groups (P<0.05). Compared with group H, the levels of MAP and NO, W/D ratio and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in R₂ and R₃ groups (P<0.05). Compared with group R₂, the apoptosis index was significantly increased at T₅(P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group R₃ (P>0.05). Conclusion Maintaining Hb 80-100 g/L after HS-R reduces acute lung injury in rabbits.

To investigate the changes of anesthetic drug concentration in plasma during isolation of autologous blood with acute normovolemic hemodiluti-on and its influence on the depth of anesthesia, muscle relaxant effect and blood drug concentration after reinfusion. METHODS: Forty patients of both sexes, aged 20-60 yr, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status or Ⅱ, hemoglobin (Hb) >120 g / L, hematocrit (Hct) >35%, undergoing eletive multilevel spinal surgery were included, were divided into 2 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table. ANH group (group A): ANH was performed after stable induction of anesthesia, the target Hct value was 28%-30%, and autologous blood was reinfused after the main operation steps. Control group (group C): routine transfusion and infusion treatment. The bispectral index (BIS) and Train-of-Four stimulation (TOF) were observed and recorded at the stable induction of anesthesia (T1), 30 minutes of stable induction (T2), the end of operation (T3), 30 minutes after the end of the operation (T4), 1 hour after the end of the operation (T5) and 2 hours after the end of the operation (T6). The concentrations of propofol and cisatracurium besylate in plasma at T1-T6, stored blood at 1 h (TS1), 2 h (TS2), and before reinfusion (TS3) were detected by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry. The extubation time and recovery score at T4-6 hours were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in propofol between the two groups at each time point (P > 0.05). The plasma concentration of cisatracurium besylate in group A was higher than that in group C at T3 (P<0.05). The concentration of two kinds of anesthetic drugs in blood samples decreased slightly with time,but there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). The BIS value at T4 and TOF value at T3 in group A were significantly lower than those in group C. The recovery score of group A was lower than that of group C at T4 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in extubation time (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The plasma concentrations of propofol and cisatracurium besylate were basically unchanged during the in vitro isolation of ANH autologous blood. The plasma concentrations of cisatracurium besylate were only temporarily affected after the main operation steps, but the postoperative muscle relaxation recovery and recovery quality were not significantly affected.

Objective To investigate the effect of fetoscopic photocoagulation of communicating placental vessels in twin-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS)(selective or non-selective) on the perinatal outcomes.Methods Six cases of TTTS admitted in our department from Dec.2006 to Jun.2008 underwent fetoscopic photocoagulation of communicating vessels.Under direct real-time sonographic guidance,a 3-mm-diameter fetoscope was percutaneously inserted through the maternal abdominal wall into the amniotic cavity of the recipient twin.A combination of ultrasonographic and fetoscopic vision was used to identify the crossing vessels which were systematically coagulated using Nd:YAG laser fiber or bipolar electrocoagulation.Results All the 6 mothers tolerated the procedure without major complications.Two fetal survival rate was 33.33%.Conclusion Fetoscopic photocoagulation of communicating placental vessels in TTTS can effectively improve perinatal outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of OSAHS on adult nasal-cycle. METHOD: The nasal cycle of 20 healthy adults, 18 patients of snoring and 22 patients of OSAHS were examined with acoustic rhinometry, which was performed every 30 minutes in 7 hours. RESULT: The ratio of nasal cycle in healthy adults was (19/20, 95.0%), in snoring patients was (15/18, 83.0%), in patients of OSAHS was (15/22, 68.2%). The mean alteration amplitude of nasal cycle in healthy adults was significantly larger than that in patients with OSAHS (P < 0.05). The distribution of the healthy adults and patients with OSAHS between the typical cycle categories was significantly different (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The characteristics of nasal-cycle in of OSAHS patients were different with healthy adults, which maybe owing to change of physical function of basal cavity.
Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; physiopathology ; Nose ; physiopathology ; Rhinometry, Acoustic ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; physiopathology ; Snoring ; physiopathology

Patients with malignant tumour often require massive transfusion. Intraoperative cell salvage(IOCS) was initially limited in cancer surgery by concerns about the possibility of dissemination of tumor cells into circulation. However, as supportive literature concerning IOCS research and application in cancer surgery are increasing, it is necessary to reassess the perioperative application of IOCS in patients with malignancy. This review summarizes the application, risks and value of IOCS during cancer operations.

OBJECTIVETo observe the injury and repair of the subepithelial cordectomy by CO2 laser in different power.

METHODSThirty dogs were randomly divided into 5 groups according to different laser power such as A(1 W), B(3 W), C(5 W), D(8 W), E(cold instruments), 6 dogs in each group. Subepithelial cordectomy was performed on the dogs and the tissue damage and wound recovery were observed in different time after operation.

RESULTSThe mucosa reaction in group C, D was heavier than those in group A, B, E, and the wounds healed slowly with visible pathological scars. The densities of fibroblast and blood capillary were determined with optical microscope. It was found that those in group C, D were higher than those in group A, B, E. The difference was statistically significant (average P < 0.05). Observation by electron microscope showed that the injuries were lighter in group A, B, E and there was no significant difference in vocal cord repair process, while the injuries were more serious in group C, D with few elastic fibers in lamina propria and collagen fibers increased significantly after vocal cord repairing.

CONCLUSIONSThe tissue repair after subepithelial cordectomy by CO2 laser with low power (1 - 3 W) was similar to that by cold instrument surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomical structures of cranial nerves in the cerebellopontine angle region to offer anatomical data for clinical operation. METHOD: A total of 52 adult cadaveric heads fixed in 10% formalin were used for this study. After cutting cerebellum and meningeal between transverse and sigmoid sinus, simulate operating method of retrosigmoid approach to observe the cranial nerves. RESULT: External diameter and length of left V, VII, VIII, IX cranial nerves are (2.54 +/- 0.84) mm and (6.79 +/- 2.51) mm, (1.18 +/- 0.31) mm and (9.89 +/- 2.66) mm, (2.17 +/- 0.52) mm and (9.92 +/- 2.61) mm, (0.77 +/- 0.24) mm and (10.34 +/- 3.12) mm respectively. External diameter and length of right V , VII, VIII, IX cranial nerves are (2.52 +/- 0.86) mm and (6.91 +/- 2.66) mm, (1.14 +/- 0.31) mm and (10 +/- 2.96) mm, (2.13 +/- 0.63) m and (10.09 +/- 2.93) mm, (0.790.29) mm and (10.17 +/- 3.06) mm. intermedius nerve locate between facial nerve and acoustic nerve, external diameter of intermedius nerve is (0.47 +/- 0.91) mm (left) and (0.37 +/- 0.07) mm (right). Length of vagal nerve is (10.44 +/- 2.57) mm (left), (9.91 +/- 2.91) mm (right), rootlets of f vagal nerve is 6.37 +/- 2.26 (left) and 6.33 +/- 2.38 (right). external diameter of accessory nerve is (0.76 +/- 0.16) mm (left) and (0.81 +/- 0.19) mm (right). CONCLUSION This study provide anatomical data for retrosigmoid approach in the cerebellopontine angle region.
Adult ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; anatomy & histology ; Cranial Nerves ; anatomy & histology ; Cranial Sinuses ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in rat's myocardial cells after Macleaya cordata alkaloids poisoning, and to provide certain molecular biology references for the detection of Macleaya cordata alkaloids poisoning. METHODS: Experimental model of Macleaya cordata alkaloids poisoning was established, the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in these cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the results were analyzed by computer image system. RESULTS: The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in myocardial cells in poisoning groups were much greater than those in the control groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION If the clinical symptoms may not be obvious, the detection of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins level by immunohistochemistry still could be ancillary method.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology* ; Papaveraceae/chemistry* ; Papaverine/poisoning* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism*