In our previous studies, substance P-like immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers have been demonstrated in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis of the dog. They were found, at light microscopical level, to be closely related to gland cells. In the present study, the ultrastructure of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers and their relationship with the gland cells of the pars distalis in the dog were investigated by use of pre-embedding immuno-electron microscopy. Direct contacts could be ascertained on every cell type of the gland, including folliculo-stellate cells. Typical synapses were identified on somatotropes and corticotropes, more on the latter. Most of them were of asymmetrical type with round to oval small clear vesicles and scattered large dense cored vesicles. It is considered morphologically proved that the substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers have effector role in the pars distalis of the dog.

Objective To evaluate the localization and the correlation with cardiovascular risk factors of cerebral arteries damage in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in the 97 patients with TIA. The localization, the degree of stenosis, the numbers of the arteries involved and their correlation with the cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed. Results DSA showed occlusive findings of cerebral arteries in 91.8% of the patients, and 68 cases (76.4%) among them were involved more than one artery. The proximal internal carotid arteries (35.5%) and the proximal vertebral arteries (28.2%) were the most frequently involved in this series. And the number of the arteries involved and the degree of stenosis were positively correlated with the level of risk factors. Conclusion There is a high incidence of cerebrovascular stenosis in patients with TIA. Most of them are involved more than one artery. The degree of the stenosis is positively related with the quantity of the risk factors.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) plus umbilical therapy for senile functional constipation due to Qi deficiency of lung and spleen.Methods: A total of 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given lactulose oral solution, while the patients in the observation group were treated with Tuina and umbilical therapy. After two weeks of treatment, the scores of the Wexner continence grading scale (WCGS) and patient assessment of constipation-quality of life questionnaire (PAC-QOL) were observed. The effective rates in the two groups were compared. Results: After two weeks of treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 90.0％, while that in the control group was 76.7％, presenting a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the WCGS and PAC-QOL scores between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After two weeks of treatment, the WCGS and PAC-QOL scores of both groups decreased significantly compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the two scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of Tuina plus umbilical therapy for senile functional constipation is confirmed. This method can improve patients' quality of life. Its efficacy is better than that of taking lactulose oral solution.

Objective To explore the effect of brief group psychological counseling in promoting students psychological health of high grade in primary school. Methods Two classes were randomly selected from a primary school in a community of Pudong New Area in Shanghai from October 2014 to November 2014, with stratified cluster sampling method in 4,5 grade ( the boy 30, the girl 24) as the research object, the other 2 classes (4,5 grade 1 classes;the boy 25,the girl 31) of students as control group, in the intervention group students brief group counseling was carried out, while the control group received the routine psychological health education course. Using the mental health diagnosis test (MHT) as a psychological assessment tool, MHT scores of two groups of students and factors were analyszed by the test analysis. Results Before intervention, the intervention group and the control group in the mental health diagnosis test (MHT) had no significant difference in each factor (P>0.05). After the intervention, significant were found differences between the intervention group and the control group in MHT learning anxiety, anxiety to people, self accusation tendency, allergic tendency, body symptom, terror tendency and the total score(6.46±3.01, 8.59±3.40; 3.04±1.91, 4.45±2.43; 3.56± 2.13, 5.30 ± 2.10; 4.37 ± 1.93, 5.84 ± 2.63; 3.76 ± 2.82, 5.46 ± 3.38; 2.15 ± 2.34, 3.91 ± 3.00; 32.44 ± 13.07, 44.52±17.59)(t=-3.47、-3.38、-4.30、-3.35、-2.87、-3.40、-4.10 ,P<0.05), and the average scores in the intervention group of each factor were lower than those of control group. Conclusion Brief group psychological counseling for higher-grade students of elementary school learning anxiety group, had better interventional effect on anxiety, self-blame tendency, the overall tendency of anxiety and other fields. It will have a positive impact on the allergic tendency, body symptom, terror tendency and other fields; it needs further evaluation in large sample for long-term effect.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of alprostadil combined with Yiqi Huoxue Huatan Tongluo Decoction in treating arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods 60 cases of lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion disease outpatient and hospitalized patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table method, each group were 30, the oral administration of enteric coated aspirin experimental group is set to control group intravenous injection of alprostadil treatment for 4 weeks, the treatment group was treated with Huatan Tongluo Decoction on the basis of the control group.The clinical symptoms, blood vessel function (ABI),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol( TC) were observed in the two groups of patients, and blood rheology indexes included whole blood viscosity, fibrinogen, liver and kidney function and adverse reactions.ResuIts Total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.33% than control group 73.33% (P<0.05), the treatment group of ankle brachial index ( ABI) was better than the control group, the treatment group TC, LDL-C, high shear whole blood viscosity, low shear whole blood viscosity, fibrinogen protein improve were better than those of the control group (P<0.05).ConcIusion Disease curative effect is better than pure alprostadil in the treatment of occlusion Huoxue Huatan Tongluo Decoction combined with alprostadil in the treatment of lower limb arteriosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of leflunomide combined with prednisone in the treatment of polymyositis. METHODS:Totally 98 polymyositis patients in our hospital were divided into observation group and control group by random number table,49 cases in each group. Control group received Prednisone tablet with initial dose of 60-100 mg/d,tid, then gradually reduced to maintaining dose of 10 mg/d,tid,based on patients'improvement of creatine kinase(CK)and clinical symptoms. Observation group was additionally given Leflunomide tablet 10 mg,bid,based on the control group. They all treated for 120 d. Clinical efficacy,muscle strength evaluation,muscle enzymes [including CK,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatine phosphokinase(CPK),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)] and serum inflammatory factors(includ-ing IL-2,IL-8,IL-12,TNF-α,hs-CRP)before and after treatment in 2 groups were observed,the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups was recorded. RESULTS:After treatment,the total effective rate(87.8% vs. 75.5%)and muscle strength achieving grade 3(81.6% vs. 55.1%)in observation group were significantly higher than control group,and the total adverse reaction rate (12.2% vs. 22.4%)was lower than control,with statistically significances(P<0.05). After treatment,the muscle enzymes and se-rum inflammatory factor levels in groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,with statistically significances(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Leflunomide combined with prednisone shows good efficacy in the treatment of polymyositis,it can significantly improve the muscle strength,muscle enzymes and serum inflammatory factor lev-els,and dose not increase the incidence of adverse reactions,with good safety.

Chest wall resection and reconstruction remains a severe challenge for reconstructive surgeons,which often leads to conservative treatment regimens in clinical practice,consequently resulting in poor outcomes(high morbidity and mortality).In recent 20 years,advances in muscle flap surgery and availability of chest reconstructive prosthesis have encouraged the surgeons to take an active attitude toward chest wall resection;many "unresectable" lesions now have a chance to be resected and cured.This article reviews the problems concerning the principles for chest wall resection,reconstruction,prosthesis selection,etc.in chest wall reconstruction.

Zhisou powder is a famous TCM prescription of Qing dynasty great physician Cheng Zhongling in treating cough caused by exogenous pathogenic factor.Author respects ancient TCM prescriptions,but don't adhere to it.Author believes that with proper modification of the prescription based on correct syndrome differentiation,Zhisou powder is effective for various kinds of cough including acute and chronic cases,and is satisfactory for good clinical result.This article mainly introduces author's experience in treating various kinds of cough which embodies the holism concept and thought of treatment based on syndrome differentiation in TCM.

Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is one of the common and serious complications of diabetes, which also the main causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes, and its incidence has been increasing. With the in- depth study of the pathogenesis of DR, through the control of risk factors including blood glucose, blood pressure and lipid, as well as the application of a variety of drugs, the prevention and cure of DR achieved a certain effect. ln this paper, we make a review of the present status and progress in recent years on the DR control risk factors and drug intervention.

A novel ionization enhancer, methylamine formate, was proposed for improving the detection sensitivity of triglyceride in edible oil by reversed phase liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS).The commonly used isopropanol-acetonitrile-methanol-water and isopropanol-acetonitrile were selected as the mobile phase.By using a reversed phase C18 column, and taking the corn oil in isopropyl alcohol as sample solution, we compared methylamine formate with ammonium formate, as ionization enhancers, for their effect on the detection sensitivity of triglyceride by LC-ESI-MS after screening other different ionization enhancers, such as formic acid, acetic acid, ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, butyl formate, dibutylamine formate, triethylamine formate, diethylamine formate, methylamine formate, and ethylamine formate.The result indicated that, by using methylamine formate, the mass spectral peak response and the signal to noise ratio for trilinoleic glyceride component were 5 times higher than that of ammonium formate.The effect of the concentration of methylamine formate ionization enhancer, the flow rate of the mobile phase and the flow rate of nebulizing gas on the detection of methylamine formate were investigated.The concentration of triglyceride components in corn oil starting to form aggregates was similar in different mobile phases in the electrospray process according to measurement of the relationship between corn oil concentrations and the total ion chromatogram peak area of triglyceride.In particular, the peak area of trilinolein was linear with its concentration in the range of 7×10-7-2×10-4 mol/L (R2=0.9997), but increased slower in the higher concentration range.According to the experimental data, the mechanism for improvement of detection sensitivity of methylamine formate was suggested as that the addition of methylamine mono-charged ions with hydrophobic groups had lower solvation energy, which made the enriched addition ions easily evaporation from the droplet surface, thus improving the electrospray ionization efficiency.This method provided an effective way to improve the detection sensitivity of triglyceride in edible oil by LC-ESI-MS.