Two phages for the pathogenic V. alginolyticus were isolated from marine products. These 2 phages were examined temperature stability, pH stability, inactivation by UV irradiation, damage on restriction system of host cell, antibody production, structure protein analysis and western blotting assay. V. alginolyticus phages(VAPs) fomed plaques about 0.5 - 0.9mm in diameter and bands 50 - 60% in sucrose density gradient, VAPs were stable below 65'C, pH 5 - 10 and mostly inactivation by UV irradiation for 120sec. Latend period was 15 - 20 min. and burst size was 1.3 - 1.4 * 10 PFU/cell. Restriction system of V. alginolyticus isolated was mostly inactivated by 45C, 20min. heating. VAPs had 14 specific structural proteins and 5 proteins related to antibody production.
Antibody Formation ; Bacteriophages* ; Blotting, Western ; Coriolaceae ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Sucrose ; Vibrio alginolyticus* ; Vibrio*

Objective To explore the effects of expressing human ciliary neurotrophic factor (hCNTF) mediated by retroviral vector in olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) on the survival and neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons. Methods S\|hCNTF fragment was digested with endonucleases(Kpn I and Xba I) from pcDNA\-3\|S\|hCNTF plasmid and cloned into pRev\|TRE vector.The harvested pRev\|TRE\|hCNTF was identified and transfected with pRev\|Tet\|On into ecotropic Ecopack\|293 cells,resulting in 2 retroviral supernatants(pRev\|TRE\|hCNTF and pRev\|Tet\|On).Primarily cultured rat olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) were co\|infected with the 2 retroviruses,and induced to secrete hCNTF with different concentrations of doxycline.The secreted hCNTF in OEC culture supernatant was detected with Western\|blot.Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from a postnatal rat of 2 days was co\|cultured with CNTF\|modified OECs,and the supernatant was used to culture retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Following ?\|tubulin immunocytochemical staining,the length of DRG neurites were measured,while the numbers of surviving RGCs were counted. Results 1.Individual 630bp and 400bp fragments were digested from pRev\|TRE\|S\|hCNTF expression vector with endonucleases(Hind Ⅲ and BamH Ⅰ),and respected direction and integration of hCNTF cDNA which inserted pRev\|TRE vector were identified; 2.The expression of 24kD CNTF proteins in CNTF\|modified OEC culture supernatant was positively\|correlated with the concentration of doxycline,while no such protein expression was detected in the control groups; 3.The number of surviving RGCs in CNTF\|modified OECs group(41\^34?5\^4) was significantly higher than those in unmodified OEC(23\^15?4\^7),OECs(24\^55?5\^8) and blank(16\^8?6\^5) groups;and 4\^The neurites of DRG were longer (660?67?m) and denser in CNTF\|modified OECs group,as compared with unmodified OECs(418?45?m),Mock+OECs(400?65?m) and blank (0?m) control groups.No process migrated and grew from the tissue mass in blank group.Conclusion\ hCNTF can be expressed in OECs with a doxycline concentration\|dependent manner after transfected via pRev\|TRE\|S\|hCNTF vector,and possesses a marked enhancing effect on the survival and neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons.[

The study of bacteriophage began by F.W. Twort in 1915 and the lytic cycle recognized by d'Herellel in 1917. It repeated about the marine bacteriophage containing Vibrio phage by Smith, Spencer and Ju. Authors isolated 2 virulent phages for the pathogenic V. alginolyticus from marine products. These 2 phages were examined their ultrastructure & host-infection by elecron microscopy and in vivo test using skin of rats. V. alginolyticus phages(VAPs) fomed plaques about 0.5 - 0.9mm in diameter and bands 50 - 60% in sucrose density gradient. VAP had 50 - 120nm tail and 40 - 90nm head in diameter. In vivo test, using rat skin, as well as in vitro test VAP had the activity to V. alginolyticus isolated.
Animals ; Bacteriophages* ; Coriolaceae ; Head ; Microscopy ; Rats ; Skin ; Sucrose ; Tail ; Vibrio alginolyticus* ; Vibrio*

Lesions of the skull vault are often incidentally encountered during in plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging of the brain and benign lesions are more common than primary malignancies. The usefulness of plain skull films is limited, but when combined with CT or MRI, there is a high probability of accurate diagnosis. The aim of this essay is to describe a wide range of cranial lesions and to illustrate their distinguishing features.
Brain ; Diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Diethylstilbestrol* ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

Objective To compare the growth property of the stem cells taken from different brain regions at the same developmental stage. Methods Mice embryos at the same development stage were isolated under sterile conditions, cortex, striatum, diencephalon, mid-hind brain and spinal cord were collected and pooled separately, after single-cell suspension obtained, different regions' cell suspensions were seeded in FGF supplemented serum-free culture medium. Followed the neural stem cell clone(neurospheres) fromation, immuno-cytochemistry method was utilized to identify the cell characteristics, all these clones were passaged under same conditions, clone formation and cell migration were observed under phase-contrast microscope. Results In the FGF added serum-free medium, neural cells experienced a large scale death within 48h after being seeded, then few single cells began to proliferate and formed the floating cell clones in the medium. These clones (neurospheres) could form new clones when seeded as single cell suspension. If these clones were seeded on poly-orithine, they could differentiate into neurons and glia cells. Compare the clone formation and cell migration, we found that: cortex, striatum, diencephalon all could form floating clones with different rate, the cortex formed clones at the highest rate, striatum and diencephalon at lower rate; few neurospheres formed from cortex adhered to the culture plate substrate and few cells were found migrating out from the adhered clones, striatum and diencephalon derived neurospheres adhered the plate more easily, and there were apparent cell migration. Mid-hind brain and spinal cord formed clones at the lowest rate, floating clones were scarce, and the clones adhered to the substrate readily, there were large amount of cell migrating out from these adhered clones. Conclusion Neural stem cells could proliferate and be passaged in vitro in serum-free medium, and they could be induced to differentiate under certain conditions into major cells types of CNS, there were differences in clone forming rate and cell migration between neural stem cells derived from different CNC regions, nonetheless they were at the same development stage, this may reflect that, in some degree, these cells can keep some of their region-specified developmental intrinsic property in vitro.

A supracondylar fracture of the humerus is the most common fracture of the elbow in children, and it may also be one of the most difficult fracture to treat. To obtain a good result after a supracondylar fracture of the humerus, an accurate reduction is needed. This region of humerus is very thin, and even if reduction is obtained it may be unstable. 104 children with 104 supracondylar fractures of the humerus were managed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Busan National University Hospital from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 1983. Of 104 patients, 48 cases which fixed internally were reviewed and following results were obtained. 1. The average age was 7.6 years, ranged from 18 months to 15 years, and 68.8% were bodys. The left humerus was affected in 58.3%. 2. In type of fracture, extension type was 95. 8%. Type II was 12 cases (26.1%), Type III 22( 47.8 and Type IV 12 (26.1%). Posteromedial displacement was 75% (35 cases). 3. Average loss of motion was 11.9°, and change of carrying angle was 5.1° In change of range of motion by the final follow-up date, during 3 to 6 months that was relatively high by 37.5°, and then the change was improved. During 2 to 5 years the change was 5. 6°, and 1 to 2 years that was similiar to the whole average by 11.7°. 4. By the modified Mitchell & Adams criteria for grading results, excellent were obtained in 30.4%, good in 45.3% fair in 10.0% and poor in 6.3%. Namely, satisfactory was 93.7% and unsatisfactory was 6.3%.
Busan ; Child ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Orthopedics ; Range of Motion, Articular

Purpose: In order to identify the stone risk factors for stone patients with hypertension, we analyzed the stone metabolic studies of stone patients with hypertension and stone patients without hypertension. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and December 2005, we analyzed 92 urinary calculi patients with hypertension, and we also 210 urinary calculi patients who had no history of hypertension as a control group. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or a diastolic pressure >90mmHg or both, or those patients who were on drug therapy for hypertension. We evaluated such metabolic risk factors as calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, uric acid, oxalate, phosphorus, the total urine volume and urine citrate level of the 24-hour urine collection, and the uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride from the serum. Results: The mean age was 53.2+/-11.2 in the hypertensive group and 48.4+/-14.0 in the normotensive group. There were significant differences between the hypertensive group and the normotensive group for the body mass index (BMI) (28.7+/-0.9kg/m2 vs 25.1+/-1.1kg/m2, respectively), weight (73.2+/-3.2kg vs 67.4+/-2.1kg respectively) and urine calcium (262.4+/-21.7 mg/day vs 205.2+/-22.3mg/day respectively), uric acid (662.7+/-184.3mg/ day vs 578.3+/-179.2 mg/day respectively). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups for total cholesterol (198.5+/-47.4mg/dl vs 167.1+/-42.5 mg/dl respectively) and triglyceride (207.5+/-109.5mg/dl vs 160.8+/-107.1 mg/dl respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher urinary calcium excretion and higher uric acid excretion appear to be the characteristic risk factors in the hypertensive group. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and an excessive BMI are also related to stone patients with hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Citric Acid ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension* ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Risk Factors* ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi ; Urine Specimen Collection

PURPOSE: To describe the results of a pars plana vitrectomy, combined with phacoemulsification, using a sutureless, superotemporal, clear corneal incision for patients with a macular hole. METHODS: This study reviewed the records of 22 patients (22 eyes) who underwent a phacoemulsification with the insertion of an acrylic intraocular lens, using a 3.2 mm superotemporal clear corneal incision and a pars plana vitrectomy with an internal limiting membrane peeling in one session, for the treatment of a macular hole. RESULTS: All 22 patients had their macular holes closed using the combined surgical procedures. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.086, and the mean postoperative visual acuity was 0.173. This improvement was statistically significant (paired Student's t-test, p<0.05). No patients developed posterior capsular opacity, retinal detachment, or a cystoid macular edema. The surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 0.808 diopters (0.808+/-0.761) two months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Combining cataract surgery with vitrectomy can achieve visual rehabilitation in the early postoperative period without requiring post-vitrectomy cataract surgery. A sutureless clear corneal incision, used in this procedure, can minimize the SIA and promote postoperative wound healing. If sutureless, transconjunctival, pars plana vitrectomy can be used more widely in the future, then the simplified, combined cataract surgery using a small clear corneal incision will also become more common, hence decreasing operation time, and hastening postoperative recovery.
Vitrectomy/*methods ; Visual Acuity ; Treatment Outcome ; Severity of Illness Index ; Retinal Perforations/complications/pathology/*surgery ; Phacoemulsification/*methods ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Cornea/*surgery ; Cataract/*complications ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

The aim was to investigate the proteolytic activity of plasmin and its long-term complications. Plasmin was injected into the vitreous cavity of rabbits' eyes. Slit lamp biomicroscopy and electroretinography were performed. Rabbits were serially sacrificed at four months, and globes fixated and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy. In both the plasmin-injected and control eyes, electroretinography showed a transient decrease in the amplitude, but this recovered to the baseline level in a week. Under the light microscope, the plasmin-treated eyes had a smooth retinal surface, implying separation of the vitreous cortex from the retina. In the control eyes, the collagen fibers remained on the retinal surface. By transmission electron microscopy, the plasmin-treated eyes showed a vitreous-free retinal surface, but no vitreoretinal separation was observed in the control eyes. Plasmin induces a cleavage between the vitreous and the internal limiting membrane, with no long-term complications, so may be a useful pharmacologic adjunct to vitrectomy.
Animals ; Electroretinography ; Fibrinolysis/*drug effects ; Fibrinolytic Agents/*pharmacology ; Injections ; Plasmin/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Retina/drug effects/physiology ; Vitreous Body/*drug effects ; Vitreous Detachment/*chemically induced/pathology