OBJECTIVETo study major human UGT isoforms involved in trans-resveratrol (TR) phase II metabolism.

METHODtrans-resveratrol and 12 major human UGT isoforms were incubated in vitro and then glucuronic acid metabolites were determined by HPLC-MS, in order to preliminarily analyze the structure and observe the effect of different UGT isoforms on the generation rate of glucuronic acid metabolites.

RESULTIn in vitro metabolic system, two metabolites-4'-O-monoglucuronide resveratrol (M-1) and 3-0-monoglucuronide resveratrol (M-2)-were generated from trans-resveratrol after being catalyzed by UGT. During the cause, generation of M-1 and M-2 were catalyzed by UGT1A1, UGT1A3, 1A8, 1A9 andlA10, whereas only UGT1A6 and 1A7 contributed to the forma-tion of M-2. Both the formation rate of M-1 and M-2 catalyzed by UGT1A1, 1A10 and the formation of M-2 catalyzed by UGT1A8 slowed down with the increasing concentration of substrates, causing the phenomenon of "substrate inhibition".

CONCLUSIONUGT1A1, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10 get involved in the formation of M-1, and of them UGTIA9 is the most important contributor. UGT1A3 also makes small contribution to the formation of M-1 and M-2, while other UGT isoforms show hardly any reaction with the trans-resveratrol phase II metabolites.

Glucuronic Acid ; metabolism ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Kinetics ; Stilbenes ; chemistry ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the stereoselective glucuronidation of carvedilol (CARV) by three Chinese liver microsomes.

METHODSThe metabolites of CARV were identified by a hydrolysis reaction with beta-glucuronidase and HPLC-MS/MS. The enzyme kinetics for CARV enantiomers glucuronidation was determined by a reversed phase-high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay using (S)-propafenone as internal standard after precolumn derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate.

RESULTSTwo CARV glucuronides were found in three Chinese liver microsomes incubated with CARV. The non-linear regression analysis showed that the values of K(m) and V(max) for (S)-CARV and (R)-CARV enantiomers were (118+/-44) micromol/L, (2 500+/-833) pmol/(min.mg protein) and (24+/-7) micromol/L, (953+/-399) pmol/(min.mg protein), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that there was a significant (P<0.05) stereoselective glucuronidation of CARV enantiomers in three Chinese liver microsomes, which might partly explain the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of CARV.

Carbazoles ; metabolism ; China ; Glucuronic Acid ; metabolism ; Glucuronides ; metabolism ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Propanolamines ; metabolism ; Stereoisomerism

OBJECTIVEThe disinfection efficiency of a compound disinfectant spray with trichioro hydroxyl diphenyl ether on dental impression and plaster model, which have been contaminated by pathogens, were evaluated in this study.

METHODSAs experimental group, germ-free alginate impressions and plaster models were sprayed with the compound disinfectant of different density trichloro hydroxyl diphenyl ether or indophors for 5, 10 and is mm, after which were smeared with five tested pathogens, including Staphylococcus acre us, Escherichia cali, Saccharomyces albicans, Streptococcus mutans and black spore variants of Bacillus subtilis. The colonies were counted after sampling, inoculate and culture, which were used to deduce the killing logarithm value as the standard of the disinfecting efficiency.

RESULTSthe compound disinfectant spray with 3000 mg x L(-1) triebloro hydroxyl diphenyl ether was effective to all tested pathogens for 10 mm whatever on the impressions or the plaster models. The disinfectant spray with tame concentration was more effective on the alginate impression than on the plaster model in the same time (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONThe compound disinfectant spray with trichioro hydroxyl diphenyl ether is an effective antiseptics for alginate impressions and plaster models.

Alginates ; Dental Disinfectants ; Dental Impression Materials ; Disinfectants ; Disinfection ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids

OBJECTIVETo explore the improvement the dingle technology through the PICC catheter puncture point elbow hemostatic effect. Selection.

METHODSBetween January 2013 and December 2013, chest hospital affiliated to Shanghai jiaotong university under the guidance of ultrasound improved the Ding Gehang PICC catheter patients of 997 cases were randomly divided into three groups A, B, C, respectively, using gauze pad, calcium alginate wound dressings, calcium alginate wound dressings with hemostatic gauze pad three methods to puncture point, compare the three groups within 48 h after puncture biopsy in patients with some local bleeding, treatment times and catheter after 1 week of the maintenance costs of the catheter.

RESULTSCompared with A, B two groups, patients of group C tube after 48 hours the puncture point local oppression hemostasis effect is better than that of group A and B, the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05); Catheter maintenance: group C within 1 week after catheter tube after local lowest maintenance cost.

CONCLUSIONPICC for surgery after the puncture point of oppression hemostasis method choice, the effect of calcium alginate dressings hemostatic gauze pad is better than that of gauze pads and calcium alginate dressings, calcium alginate dressings and gauze pad is more effective and economic, in clinical use.

Alginates ; Bandages ; Catheters ; China ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Hexuronic Acids ; Humans ; Punctures

PURPOSE: As in the case of the deep second-degree burn, proper eschar elimination and early epithelization is essential for spontaneous healing without surgical intervention. Accordingly, we have treated with using early dermabrasion and appling frozen cultured allogenic keratinocyte patients in deep second degree burns an eschar formed. METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2012 at Kepco medical center, we selected 46 patients who were suffered from deep second degree burn formed an eschar were enrolled. Patients were divided into two parts, study and control group. Study group were performed dermabrasion within first 3 days to 10 days of the injury and then applied frozen cultured allogenic keratinocyte. control group were managed moist dressing using hydrocolloid gel, form and alginate materials. We tried to prove its clinical efficacy by researching the period of wound healing, percentage of skin graft, and hospital days under chart review and photograph. RESULTS: In study group, the mean period of wound healing was 15.13+/-4.18 (mean+/-S.D.) days, and that of the hospitalization was 16.65+/-5.31 (mean+/-S.D.) days. For the 3 patients without the epithelization, skin graft was conducted. As for the control group, the mean period of wound healing was 24.22+/-2.79 (mean+/-S.D.) days, and that of the hospitalization was 28.30+/-3.33 (mean+/-S.D). 21 patients were conducted skin grafts. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we concluded that the treatment in deep second degree burn patients eschar formed using early dermabrasion and frozen cultured allogenic keratinocyte is effective in reducing the duration of period of wound healing, hospital day and rate of skin graft.
Alginates ; Bandages ; Burns ; Colloids ; Dermabrasion ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Skin ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue and bone change around two adjacent implants in one-stage implant surgery. METHODS: Eleven subjects (7 males, 4 females) who were needed placement of 2 adjacent implants in the molar area were included. The two implants were placed with the platform at the level of the alveolar crest. The interproximal bone between the 2 implants was not covered with gingiva. After surgery, an alginate impression was taken to record the gingival shape and radiographs were taken to evaluate implant placement. Using a master cast, the gingival height was measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. In the radiograph, the alveolar bone level was measured at the mesial and distal side of both implants at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: The exposed bone was covered with gingiva at both 4 and 12 weeks. Loss of alveolar bone around implants was found in all areas. The alveolar bone level in the exposed bone area did not differ from that in the non-exposed area. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the alveolar bone level and gingival height around 2 adjacent implants in the exposed bone area did not differ from that in unexposed bone area.
Alginates ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; Dental Implants ; Dental Papilla ; Gingiva ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids ; Humans ; Male ; Molar

Heteropolysaccharides isolated from liquid cultures of nine Tremella species contained 0.3 to 1.2% protein, 2.7 to 5% ash, 0.9 to 3.4% acetyl groups, 76.5 to 84.2% carbohydrates and trace amounts of starch. The polysaccharides in aqueous solution were slightly acidic (pH 5.1 to 5.6). They consisted of the following monomeric sugars: fucose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid. The backbones of the polysaccharide structures consisted of alpha-(1-->3)-links while the side chains were beta-linked.
Arabinose ; Carbohydrates ; Fucose ; Galactose ; Glucose ; Glucuronic Acid ; Mannose ; Polysaccharides ; Ribose ; Starch ; Xylose

OBJECTIVETo investigate the utilization of carrier for delivering osteoblasts and creating autogenous bone tissue in ectopic site of animal via injection.

METHODSBone marrow cells harvested from iliac bone of New Zealand rabbits were induced to differentiate into marrow stromal osteoblasts. The osteoblasts were mixed with 1.5% alginate sodium solution to generate osteoblasts/alginate composites with final cellular density of 4 x 10(9)/L. Calcium chloride was used as cross-linking agent to gel aqueous alginate solution. The marrow stromal osteoblasts/alginate composites were injected into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rabbits with autogenous cells transplantation. The samples were examined with X-ray and histological analysis.

RESULTSFour, eight and twelve weeks after injection, the hard knobbles were easily palpated under the dorsal skin of animals. On X-ray photograph the samples showed calcified image with more density than surrounding soft tissue, new bone formation was observed in the osteoblasts/alginate composites in histological analysis. The osteogenesis was in association with regenerated hematopoietic bone marrow.

CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that new bone tissue could be created through the injection of alginate sodium treated with autogenous marrow stromal osteoblasts.

Alginates ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Glucuronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Hexuronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Osteoblasts ; transplantation ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering

The cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH) from Rhizobium strain BK-20 is the key enzyme for L(+)-tartaric acid production. To establish a highly efficient and stable production process, we first optimized the enzyme production from Rhizobium strain BK-20, and then developed an immobilized cell-culture process for sustained production of L(+)-tartaric acid. The enzyme activity of free cells reached (3 498.0 +/- 142.6) U/g, and increased by 643% after optimization. The enzyme activity of immobilized cells reached (2 817.2 +/- 226.7) U/g, under the optimal condition with sodium alginate as carrier, cell concentration at 10% (W/V) and gel concentration at 1.5% (W/V). The immobilized cells preserved high enzyme activity and normal structure after 10 repeated batches. The conversion rate of the substrate was more than 98%, indicating its excellent production stability.
Alginates ; chemistry ; Cells, Immobilized ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Rhizobium ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Tartrates ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the technique on artificial seeds of Pinellia ternata.

METHODMicrotubers were used as materials. Sodium alginate or chitosan, with GA3, penicillin, streptomycin sulphate, sodium benzoate, badistan, CuCl2, NiCl and CoCl2 added to were used as seed vessel. The seeds were cultured respectively under artificial conditions and natural conditions.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe sodium alginate (3%) and chitosan (2%) added with GA3 (0.1 mg x L(-1)), badistan (0.3%), sodium benzoate (0.2%), Ca2+ (0.05%), Ni+ (0.05%) added to, were used as artificial seed vessel, and the germination rate was over 95% and the seedling rate was over 90%.

Alginates ; Benzimidazoles ; Carbamates ; Chitosan ; Germination ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; Seeds ; growth & development