We report a case of disseminated calcific cysticercosis of brain, accompanied with marked hydrocephalus. Histopathologically, the calcific spots consisted of mummified scolex and bladder of cysticercus cellulosae with a diffuse calcification, but no area of cystic change were noted. Surrounding brain tissue showed a dense fibrous reaction and gliosis with little foreign body reaction.
Brain* ; Cysticercosis ; Cysticercus ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Gliosis ; Hydrocephalus ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: To characterize the CT and MR findings in patients with meningioangiomatosis(MA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients (18 to 53 years old, two females and two males) with MA were retrospectively reviewed. CTwas used in four cases and MR in three. Pathologic specimens were obtained from all four. RESULT: All lesions were located in the cortical and subcortical areas and showed spotty(n=1), popcornlike(n=2), or gyral(n=1) calcification. The mass were associated with surrounding edema and gliosis. In two patients, lesions were multiple and were accompanied by eccentric cysts. CONCLUSION: MA is a surgically correctable benign disease. Its radiologic characteristics are cortical or subcortical mass with various calcifications, associated peripheral edema and gliosis.
Edema ; Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Retinal dysplasia is defined as an abnormal differentiation of the retina with proliferation of its elements into resettes, folds, and gliosis. The clinical presentation is usually bilateral with a variety fo systemic abnormalities. We experienced a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia without systemic abnormalities occurring in a 2-month-old girl who underwent an enucleation of her right eye because of the possibility of retinoblastoma. We reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma

Retinal dysplasia is defined as an abnormal differentiation of the retina with proliferation of its elements into resettes, folds, and gliosis. The clinical presentation is usually bilateral with a variety fo systemic abnormalities. We experienced a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia without systemic abnormalities occurring in a 2-month-old girl who underwent an enucleation of her right eye because of the possibility of retinoblastoma. We reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma

Retinal dysplasia is an abnormal differentiation of the retina at embryonal retina stage with proliferation of its elements into rosettes, fold, and gliosis and it is very difficulat to distinguish between the various types of intraocular disease, especilaly retinoblastoma. We experienced a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia without systemic abnormalities occurring in a 5 months old boy. It was clinically suspected Retinoblastoma, which was proved to be Retinal Dysplasia by histopathologic examination.
Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma

The bone formation accompanied with other diseases in brain has been rarely reported. Furthermore, it has not been reported without any specific disease. We report a case of a 27 year old female who was referred to our hospital because of the incidentally found calcified lesion in plain X-ray of the skull. The CT and MRI of the brain showed a calcification with minimal enhancement at left parietal area. The calcified lesion was removed and biopsy was performed with stereotactic guided craniotomy. Pathologically, the lesion was confirmed as the membranous bone which was composed of bony trabeculations with osteocytes and the biopsy from adjacent area to the bone revealed a gliosis without any other disease.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Craniotomy ; Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteocytes ; Osteogenesis* ; Rabeprazole ; Skull

Epilepsy is one of the most common episodic neurological diseases, and patients with epilepsy may experience a range of neurological, psychological, and behavioral problems. Recurring seizures potentially contribute to the progressive severity of epilepsy, cognitive and behavioral consequences. The clinical and experimental evidences involving radiological, pathological, and biochemical studies suggest that seizures can potentially injure the brain via a number of diverse molecular, cellular, and network mechanisms. The damage includes neuronal death, axodendritic changes, molecular changes of synaptic membrane, and gliosis and increased neurogenesis. Those changes induce rewiring of the network and reorganization of synapses, causing alteration of the functional and morphological properties as the mechanism of epilepsy. As the most overt form of alterations, the neuronal death may result from the execution of cellular programs that are similar to the molecular machinery of programmed cell death including the caspases and bcl-2 family proteins. In epileptic seizure, the neurons are overexcited and run out of energy. The low energy state is closely related with the necrotic pathway. The features suggest that the neuronal death in epilepsy may follow characteristic mechanism, suggesting necrotic programmed cell death pathway. Therapeutic modification of seizure-induced death could open new strategy in epilepsy treatment.
Brain ; Caspases ; Cell Death ; Epilepsy* ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons* ; Seizures ; Synapses ; Synaptic Membranes

Although secondary delayed neuronal death has been considered as a therapeutic target to minimize brain damage induced by several injuries, delayed neuronal death does not occur always. In this study, we investigated possible mechanisms that prevent delayed neuronal death in the ATP-injected substantia nigra (SN) and cortex, where delayed neuronal death does not occur. In both the SN and cortex, ATP rapidly induced death of the neurons and astrocytes in the injection core area within 3 h, and the astrocytes in the penumbra region became hypertropic and rapidly surrounded the damaged areas. It was observed that the neurons survived for up to 1-3 months in the area where the astrocytes became hypertropic. The damaged areas of astrocytes gradually reduced at 3 days, 7 days, and 1-3 months. Astrocyte proliferation was detectable at 3-7 days, and vimentin was expressed in astrocytes that surrounded and/or protruded into the damaged sites. The NeuN-positive cells also reappeared in the injury sites where astrocytes reappeared. Taken together, these results suggest that astroycte survival and/or gliosis in the injured brain may be critical for neuronal survival and may prevent delayed neuronal death in the injured brain.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Astrocytes ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Gliosis ; Neurons* ; Substantia Nigra ; Vimentin

While stereotactic biopsy increases the accuracy of obtaining appropriate tissue for precise diagnosis, inconclusive diagnostic lesions can still be observed frequently. We present a review of 43 patients with inconclusive diagnostic samples in stereotactic biopsy between June 1989 and June 1994. inconclusive diagnostic lesions were found in 43 patients(17.9%); the biopsy of these patients showed reactive gliosis in 22, foam cell infiltration and/or demyelination with coagulation necrosis in 8, chronic inflammatory cell infiltration with necrosis, fibrosis in 6, no evidence of tumor in 5, and ganglioglial lesion in 2. The final diagnosis was based on histological findings of permanent paraffin sections after rebiopsy or open surgery, close follow-up CT/MRI scan findings, clinical features and/or history, and serological studies;neoplasm 16, infarction/leukodystrophy 8, infection/inflammation 4, granuloma 1, and no confirmative diagnosis 4, In conclusion, rebiopsy or open surgery is recommended if the lesion is suspected to be a neoplasm, and the patient is closely observed with repeated radiological studies if the lesion is suspected to be benign. This study provides evidence that in some cases an accurate histopathological diagnosis can not be made with stereotactic biopsy and therefore, further investigations are needed in such inconclusive cases.
Biopsy* ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Fibrosis ; Foam Cells ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gliosis ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Paraffin

A case of the tuberous sclerosis, 14-years old boy, was observed. In his father and sister, the cerebral tubers were noted by brain computerized tomography. This disease has been reported occasionally in dermatologic and psychiatric department because of adenoma sebaceum, mental retardation and epilepsy respectively, but it has not been reported at neurosurgical department in Korea. The histopathology of the brain lesion showed atypical cell(tuberous sclerosis cell), gliosis and nonspecific calcification which confirmed the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.
Adolescent ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Fathers ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Male ; Sclerosis ; Siblings ; Tuberous Sclerosis*