Actions of "not None" ,termed as notorious actions,have imposed side effects on society. From the levels of medical management and department directors, the essay analyzed the manifestation, effects and cauls of the actions of "not None". Some suggestions were given to control these actions.

No abstract available.
Anus, Imperforate*

To deterrnine the applicability of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scoring system in ICU, 552 ICU patients who had been admitted from March 1, 1992 to February 28, 1993 were analysed. The mean APACHE II score of nonsurvivors was significantly higher than that of survivors (p<0.01) and there was significant relationship between mortality rate and APACHE II score [Mortality rate(%) =2.994XAPACHE II score-14.987 (r=0.97, p<0.001)). However, the majority of postoperative patients had scores less than 20 points and the postoperative patients were more unevenly distributed. These results suggest that the APACHE II score may be useful for analyses of ICU patients but its application in postoperative patients must take into consideration the patient's clinical condition.
APACHE* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Mortality ; Survivors

No abstract available.
Biometry* ; Rheology* ; Umbilical Arteries*

A total of 601 anesthesias given to the patients over age 60 who were admitted to Han Gang Sung Shim Hospital during the period from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1980, were subjected to this clinical review. 1) Of the total 15,609 cases, 601 cases(3.8%) were over 60 years of age consisting of 315 male(52.4%) and 286 female(47.6%). 2) Among the 601 geriatric patients, 453 cases were 60~69 years of age(75.4%), 128 cases were 70~79 years of age(21.3%) and 20 cases were over 80 years of age(3.3%). 3) In the surgical group, 358 cases(59.7%) were general surgery, 120 cases(20.0%) were orthopedic surgery, 34 cases(5.6%) were urology, 20 cases(3.3%) were gynecology respectively. 4) The techniques of anesthesia were 545 cases(90.7%) of general anesthesia, 22 cases(3.7%) of spinal anesthesia and 17 cases(2.8%) of axillary block. 5) Anesthetics were diethly-ether 24 cases(36.3%) and halothane 22 cases(33.3%) in 1976. But there were 5 diethly-ether cases(0.3%) and 120 halothane cases(91.6%) in 1980. 6) For the duration of anesthesia, 81 cases(13%) were within 1 hour, 238 cases(39.6%) within 2 hours, 156 cases(26.0%) within 3 hours and 21 cases over 5 hours. 7) In the classification of physical status of the geriatric patients, 42 cases(7.0%) were class l, 201 cases(33.2%) were class ll, 109 cases (18.1%) were class lll and 8 cases(1.3%) were class lV. 8) Emergency cases were 223 cases(37.1%) and 378 cases(62.9%) were elective. 9) The findings of preoperative chest X-rays revealed that 227 cases(48.8%) were within normal limits, 56 cases(12.0%) had hypertensive heart disease, 24 cases(5.1%) had senile fibrosis, 22 cases(5.1%) had unstabilized tuberculosis and 14 cases(3%) had pneumonis. 10) In the preoperative R.K.G., which covered 50% of the patients, 115 cases(38.3%) were within normal limit, 41 cases(13.6%) showed L.V.H., 30 cases(10.0%) had sinus bradycardia, 13 cases (4.3%) had myocardial lschemia and 7 cases(2.3%) had R.B.B.B. 11) Post-operative mortality rate was 5.8% in 1976, 4.0% in 1977, 3.6% in 1978 and 2.1% in 1980, and over all mortality rate was 3.1%.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics ; Bradycardia ; Classification ; Emergencies ; Fibrosis ; Gynecology ; Halothane ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Mortality ; Orthopedics ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Urology

The gene encoding E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against this expressed protein were generated. For the efficient immunization, two kind of recombinant E7 protein in fusion form were produced. One was maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion type (MBP-E7) and the other was T7 phage gene 10 product fusioa type (gene 10-E7). Immunization with these two fusion protein to mice, finally two Mabs (VD6 and IB10) were obtained. VD6 and IB10 showed reactivities with E7 protein in CaSki cell but not in HeLa by Western blot analysis. In addition, the Mab, VD6, reacted with COS-7 cell transfected with E7 gene majorly in cytoplasm by immunofluorescence test. Also VD6 could detect E7 protein in cytoplasm and nucleus of CaSki ceU by immunogold electron microscopy. Based on these results, the Mab VD6 was could be used for various E7 detection system such as Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical methods.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Bacteriophage T7 ; Blotting, Western ; Clone Cells ; COS Cells ; Cytoplasm ; Escherichia coli ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans* ; Immunization ; Maltose-Binding Proteins ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron

Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma is an exceedingly rare and highly aggressive tumor. Although early diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy is important, it is difficult in reproductive aged patients because of the frequent elevation of human chorionic gonadotropin. We report a primarily nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma in a 12-year-old virgin female. Initial diagnosis based on abdominopelvic computed tomography and pelvis magnetic resonance imaging was ectopic pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. A diagnostic laparoscopy of the ovarian tumor revealed choriocarcinoma. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omental sampling revealed surgical stage of IA. Six courses of adjuvant combination chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) followed surgery.
Child ; Choriocarcinoma* ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Early Diagnosis ; Etoposide ; Female ; Hemoperitoneum ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ovary ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Technical developments have made laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery increasingly more feasible for treating gynecological conditions, including cancer. However, complex surgeries such as radical hysterectomy have rarely been performed with single-port access because of technical difficulties. The majority of the difficulties are due to the inefficient retraction of tissue during dissection. Here, we report a detailed description of LESS radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection that was successfully performed in two patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer. We used our expertise with LESS to perform space development as much as possible before the ligaments were resected. The oncologic clearance was comparable to that of conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.
Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Ligaments ; Lymph Node Excision ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

The plasminogen and plasmin system, which is mainly regulated by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitor (PAI-1), is generally believed to play a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. This study was conducted to investigate the role of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of mRNAs for uPA and PAI-1 was determined by Northern blot analysis in nine primary gastric cancer tissues, nine paired metastatic lymph nodes and normal gastric mucosa. The mRNA of uPA was not or faintly detected in normal mucosa, while the expression was increased in both primary gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes to a similar degree. The mRNA expression for PAI-1 in the gastric cancer tissues was not different from that in the paired metastatic lymph nodes and normal mucosae. uPAR was determined by immunohistochemical staining, demonstrating that five (56%) and six (67%) out of nine primary gastric cancer tissues and nine paired metastatic lymph nodes were positive, respectively and the intensity was stronger in metastatic lymph nodes. The results support the concept that most gastric cancer cells may have an innately moderate level of uPA and uPAR, and that increase of uPAR expression can be considered to be closely associated with cancer invasion and metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma/*metabolism/pathology ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Human ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lymph Nodes/metabolism/pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Plasminogen Activators/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Urinary Plasminogen Activator/*biosynthesis/genetics

OBJECTIVE: To compare laparoscopic surgery with conventional abdominal surgery in patients with early stage endometrial cancer. METHODS: A retrospective review of 63 patients with early stage endometrial cancer managed between March 2003 and May 2005. Two groups were defined whether they had been treated by laparoscopy (case group: n=26) or by laparotomy (control group: n=37). We compared age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin change, operation time, number of pelvic lymph nodes, hospital stay, case with adjuvant treatment and recurrence between two groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in characteristics (age, BMI, nulliparity, previous abdominal surgery, FIGO stage, histologic grade). between case and control group. In addition, there was no statistical difference in operation data and outcomes between two groups. Hemoglobin changes were 1.1 g/dL (case group) vs 1.7 g/dL (control group) (p=0.072). Operation time was 131 min vs. 115 min. The numbers of lymph nodes obtained were 8.7 vs 7.7 (right) 9.2 vs. 7.6 (left). Hospital stays were 8.4 vs. 9.2 days. Adjuvant treatment cases were 7 vs. 15. Recurrent case was one in each group. Two patients initially evaluated by laparoscopy were converted to laparotomy due to bleeding and adhesion. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery for treatment of early endometrial cancer is a safe and effective alternative to laparotomy . However, long-term survival and risk of recurrence have yet to be determined.
Body Mass Index ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Parity ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies