Geography ; Morbidity

This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the KAP of HIV/AIDS control among medical staffs working at many departments of health centers in Daklak provice in the year 2002. The results showed that almost medical staffs have good KAP when expose with infection. The authors also give some recommendations
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Geography

Depending on the mode of nutrition exploitation, major fungal guilds are distinguished as ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. It is generally known that diverse environmental factors influence fungal communities; however, it is unclear how fungal communities respond differently to environment factors depend on fungal guilds. In this study, we investigated basidiomycetes communities associated with Quercus mongolica using 454 pyrosequencing. We attempted to detect guild pattern (ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic fungal communities) by comparing the influence of geography and source (root and surrounding soil). A total of 515 mOTUs were detected from root (321) and soil (394) of Q. mongolica at three sites of Mt. Jeombong in Inje County. We found that patterns of diversity and community structure were different depending on the guilds. In terms of alpha diversity, only ectomycorrhizal fungi showed significant differences between sources. In terms of community structure, however, geography significantly influenced the ectomycorrhizal community, while source appeared to have a greater influence on the saprotrophic community. Therefore, a guild-based view will help to elucidates novel features of the relationship between environmental factors and fungal communities.
Basidiomycota* ; Fungi ; Geography ; Quercus* ; Republic of Korea* ; Soil

This paper established the identification technology of the main root origin of three-year-old spring Panax notoginseng aiming at providing theoretical basis for the protection and traceability of geographical indication products of P. notoginseng. Forty-four samples of three-year-old spring P. notoginseng from Guangxi Baise, Yunnan Wenshan, Yunnan new cultivating regions. The stable isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen were determined by elemental analysis and stable isotope mass spectrometer. Combined with Duncan multiple comparative analysis, fisher discriminant analysis and sequential discriminant analysis, a origin discriminant model for the main root of three-year-old spring P. notoginseng was established for 3 production areas of P. notoginseng. The geographical climate and environment of three production areas of P. notoginseng are obviously different. From Guangxi Baise-Yunnan Wenshan-Yunnan new cultivating regions, the longitude, average annual temperature and annual precipitation gradually decrease, and the elevation and latitude are increasing. The results of multiple comparative analysis showed that there were significant or very signi-ficant differences in the δ~(13)C,δ~(15)N,δ~2H,δ~(18)O of the main roots of P. notoginseng in three regions. The results of fisher's discriminant analysis and sequential discriminant analysis showed that the correct discriminant rates of the main roots of P. notoginseng for three regions were 80.05%,76.47% and 90.91%, respectively, based on four stable isotope ratios, with an average of 84.09%. Using stable isotope fingerprint and chemometrics method, we can distinguish the origin of the main raw materials and products of P. notoginseng.
China ; Geography ; Isotopes ; Panax notoginseng ; Seasons

It has been well recognized that air pollution contributes to the development and exacerbation of asthma, especially in children and elderly. However, the impact of air pollution on the exacerbation of asthma in adult is not established, due to various approach methods including study design, geography and exposure period. Kim et al. studied it using case-crossover method in adult patients with exacerbating asthma visited multi-center emergency department in Seoul. Unlike to other studies, they suggested that the air pollution was not associated with the exacerbation of adult asthma. A large-scaled study including variable information such as economic status, aeroallergen, and infection will be helpful to clarify the impact of air pollution on asthma exacerbation in Korea.
Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollution ; Asthma ; Child ; Emergencies ; Geography ; Humans ; Korea

Animals ; China ; Ectoparasitic Infestations ; veterinary ; Geography ; Rats ; Rodent Diseases ; parasitology

In order to study the spectral reflectance differences of Glycyrrhizae Radix under different growth conditions and lay the foundation for quantitative monitoring of Glycyrrhizae Radix remote sensing images, spectra of Glycyrrhiza species under different growth period and different varieties and different regions were measured by a portable spectrometer. The results showed that the reflectivity of annual G. uralensis was obviously higher than that of the two years plant in the visible light band own to the contents of crown layer chlorophyll. The reflectivity of two years G. pallidiflora was higher than that of G. uralensis in the near infrared band own to the leaf area index and the content of leaf water. The red edge spectrum of annual plant fluctuated largely than that of two years plant due to vegetation coverage and leaf area index. G. pallidiflora grew well than G. uralensis. Under different regions of the Glycyrrhiza species, spectral data analysis showed that within a certain range, the average annual precipitation and average annual evaporation were the major factors to affect the differences of Glycyrrhiza species spectral data under different regions owe to the leaf water content, the higher leaf water content, the lower spectral reflectance. The principal component analysis and continuum-removed method of the spectral data under different regions found that, within a certain range, the average annual precipitation and average annual evaporation were the major factors caused by the differences of Glycyrrhiza species spectral data under the different regions, Glycyrrhiza species spectral similarity related to the spatial distance.
Geography ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Spectrum Analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the characters of concentration of 42 elements in Radix Astragali and make an attempt at looking for relationship between the element concentration and regions where samplers are obtained.

METHODDetermining the content of elements in 40 Radix Astragali samples from 7 different provinces by ICP-MS, AFS and ASS. Analyzing the correlation of elements in Radix Astragali using statistic software (Spss).

RESULTFirstly, similar lines of element concentration have been acquired in our research. Secondly, it is observed that the content of elements in the samples shows regional diversity. Thirdly, there are 346 correlative element pairs in correlate analysis. And some of them indicate remarkable correlativity.

CONCLUSIONWith the aid of obtained results, it is concluded that element content in Radix Astragali display special distributing line. Remarkable correlation is presented in some element pairs. The quality of Radix Astragali gained from Neimeng, Shanxi and Gansu are better than those from other regions.

Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Elements ; Geography

OBJECTIVETo analyze the appropriate producing area of Cistanche tubulosa by mean of TCMGIS-I.

METHODThe TCMGIS-I (Suitability evaluation geographic information system of traditional Chinese medicine producing area) was used to analyze the appropriate producing area of C. tubulosa basing on the optimum ecological factors of Sorth Sinkiang municipality which is the traditional producing area of C. tubulosa.

RESULTThe suitable producing areas of C. tubulosa include 56 counties with 190952.1 km2 total areas in Sinkiang municipality, Neimongd municipality and Gansu province; Sinkiang municipality, Gansu and Qinghai provinces have the second-suitable producing areas of C. tubulosa, with 46 counties and 41217.37 km2 total areas; Sinkiang municipality, Inner Mongolia municipality, Gansu province and Ningxia municipality have the third-suitable producing areas of C. tubulosa with 56 counties and 421145.2 km2 total areas.

CONCLUSIONIt is important to analyze the appropriate producing area of C. tubulosa by means of TCMGIS-I. The results are useful for development of C. tubulosa transplanting and cultivation.

China ; Cistanche ; growth & development ; Geographic Information Systems ; Geography

OBJECTIVETo study the germination property of the seeds of Achyranthes bidentata from different producing area, providing foundation for choosing the better seed resources.

METHODThe germination rate, germination energy, germination index, vigor and the characteristics of the seeds of A. bidentata from different producing area were compared, and the relative electric conductivity was measured. The characteristics of the seed were recorded through the Anymicro DSS YT-5M microscope digital camera, and the differences were analyzed.

RESULTSeed from Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor.

CONCLUSIONThe seeds from both Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better quality.

Achyranthes ; metabolism ; physiology ; China ; Geography ; Germination ; physiology ; Seeds ; metabolism ; physiology