A 61-year old man was referred to our institute under a diagnosis of pulmonary aneurysm. Contrast computed tomography revealed a huge pulmonary aneurysm of 70 mm in maximal dimension at the main pulmonary trunk. No congenital heart disorders were identified on trans-thoracic or trans-esophageal echocardiography. No significant signs of pulmonary hypertension were demonstrated on right heart catheterization. Laboratory findings on admission included positive results for syphilitic antibodies. T-shaped graft replacement of the pulmonary arteries using a cardiopulmonary bypass was scheduled. The main and left pulmonary arteries were replaced with a J-Graft 26 mm in size (Japan Lifeline, Tokyo, Japan). Then, the right pulmonary artery was reconstructed with the rest of the J-Graft, and anastomosed to the side of the newly reconstructed main and left pulmonary arteries. His postoperative course was generally uneventful. Pathological findings of the excised aneurysmal walls revealed true aneurysmal formation with no specific inflammatory changes. This case was considered to be an idiopathic pulmonary aneurysm without congenital heart disorders, pulmonary hypertension, and pathologically inflammatory reactions of aneurysmal walls.

We report a case of secondary aortoenteric fistula (SAEF). A 76-year-old man who had undergone bifurcated graft replacement for an abdominal aortic aneurysm 18 years previously was admitted to our hospital on 2008. Since the patient was in hemorrhagic shock and had several comorbidities, he first underwent emergency endovascular aneurysmal repair (EVAR). The patient recovered from shock, and then the duodenal fistula was closed and a temporary tube enterostomy was made on the next day. The patient's recovery was uneventful and he was discharged 34 days after EVAR without any sign of infection. However, the patient was admitted for a recurrent SAEF 16 months after the procedure. Although emergency surgery was performed, he died due to sepsis 11 days after surgery. EVAR could be useful to control bleeding associated with SAEF ; however, it would be necessary for a long-term results to perform additional radical surgery subsequently to ensure the patients' hemodynamic recovery.

A 64-year-old man with a diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis presented with chest pain. The patient is a Jehovah's Witnesses and wanted surgery without blood transfusion. Therefore, we planned minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MICS AVR) avoiding sternotomy. He underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve (ATS AP360 20 mm) through a right anterolateral thoracotomy at the fourth intercostal space. The value of hemoglobin was 11.2 g/dl after surgery. He recovered uneventfully and was discharged 17 days after surgery. MICS AVR has the advantage of less risk of bleeding, therefore MICS AVR is useful for Jehovah's Witness patients who refuse blood transfusion.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) and antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency are both rare, but once they occur, the patient's prognosis is very poor. A 67-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of unstable angina. A coronary angiography revealed stenosis of LMT and triple vessels. The patient was considered a candidate for CABG. He had been prescribed 50mg/day of dantrolene for frequent muscular convulsions of the lower extremities. He had had a high CK level for a few years. Therefore he was considered to be at high risk for malignant hyperthermia (MH). He underwent CABG (×4). Dantrolene was administered orally at a dose of 25mg and then 160mg intravenously before anesthesia and modified NLA was performed in order to avoid probable MH. During the operation, AT III deficiency was suspected because the reaction of ACT after heparinization was poor. AT III preparation (1, 500 units) was used and CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass was completed without any events. It was proved after the surgery that the AT III volume had been almost normal but its activity had decreased. His postoperative course was good. For possibly fatal MH and AT III deficiency, it is necessary and important to predict, prevent and diagnose as early as possible.

There have been many reports radial artery grafts (RA) are useful in CABG, but there were very few reports about hand grasping power (GP), edema and sensory disturbance after surgery. From January to April, 1999, RA were used for 14 patients (R group) and were not in 16 patients (C group) among a total of 30 coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. The patients in the two groups were statistically similar. RA were anastomosed to #12 in 9 patients and #14 in 5. GP and the circumference of forearms were examined and sensory disturbance was also checked preoperatively and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. In both groups, left GP decreased slightly after surgery but gradually recovered. Four weeks after surgery, it was 26.2±9.6kg in the R group and 26.2±7.5kg in the C group (NS). The difference between left and right circumference of forearms, which indicates the degree of edema, was significantly larger in the R group than in the C group (3.5±3.6mm vs. -0.5±3.8mm, 1 week postoperatively, p<0.05). However, it gradually improved in the R group (2.1±2.6mm at 2 weeks and 1.9±2.6mm at 4 weeks postoperatively). No sensory disturbance was seen at any time. Therefore we conclude that using RA in CABG is not only useful but is also safe and does not increase postoperative risk.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a life-threatening disease, and in severe cases is required surgical treatment. Emergency pulmonary embolectomy using retrograde pulmonary perfusion (RPP) as an adjunct was successfully performed in 2 patients suffering from massive acute PTE. After removal of the pulmonary thrombus via incision of the pulmonary artery trunk, RPP via the right upper pulmonary vein was performed, which enabled the removal of residual thrombotic material and air from the peripheral branches of pulmonary arteries.