Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic exposure to low concentration sevoflurance on hippocampus in SD fetal rats.Methods:Totally sixty female SD rats at clean grade weighing 240-260 g were randomly divided into four groups , the control group and sevoflurane groups (n=15).The three experimental groups were respectively treated with 30 mg· L-1(parts permillion1 × 10 -6), 100 mg· L-1 and 300 mg· L-1 sevoflurane with 6-hour inhalation, qd for 2 weeks, while the control group breathed fresh air with the same volume .After mating conception , the rats inhaled the same concentration sevoflurane or air till scarification on the 19 th day.Half of brain in the fetal rats was withdrawn to prepare the paraffin specimens , and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the apoptosis in hippocampal CA 1 region associated with protein Bcl-2 and Bax.The hippocampus was stripped from the other half of brain and 10%homogenate was prepared, and the activity level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected.Results:Bcl-2 in hippocampus CA1 region in 300 mg· L-1 group was lower than that in the control group , while Bax was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05);SOD was lower in 300mg· L-1 group than that in the control group , and MDA was higher than that in control group (P <0.05) .The other two sevoflurane groups had no differences when compared with the con-trol group (P >0.05).Conclusion:Low concentration inhalation of sevoflurane above 300mg· L-1 can enhance the cell apoptosis in hippocampus through increasing the oxidative stress reaction in embryonic brain of SD rat resulting in excessive MDA and reduced SOD.

Objective To systematically review the effect of team-based learning (TBL) versus the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) teaching model on basic medical courses in undergraduate medical education. Methods The CNKI, VIP and Wanfang medical databases were electronically searched to retrieve randomized controlled trial studies on TBL applied in undergraduate basic medi-cal courses up to June 2014. In these studies TBL teaching model was used in experiment group with LBL teaching model as control group and course grades were adopted to evaluate the effect of learn-ing. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results This Meta-analysis examined 12 studies, all of them with low quality at C level. Meta analysis shows that the score of the course of TBL teaching is better than the traditional LBL teaching, and the difference is statistically significant [weighed mean difference (WMD): 9.33, 95%CI (5.67, 13.00), P=0.000]. Conclusion Compared with the LBL teaching, the application of TBL teaching in medical undergraduate basic medical courses has the promotion effect, but need more rigorously randomized controlled trials to verify.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Tongfeng Huadu Tincture (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Herba Asari, etc.). METHODS: The Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Herba Asari of Tongfeng Huadu Tincture were identified by TLC. Strychnine of Tincture was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The average recovery was 97.07% and RSD and 2.1% (n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is reliable, accurate and specific. It can be used for quality control of Tongfeng Huadu Tincture.

Objective:To explore the effects of staged thematic painting therapy on positive emotions, alexithymia and self-efficacy in children with emotional disorders.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study. By convenient sampling, 61 children with emotional disorders admitted from January 2022 to December 2022 to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected as the research objects, 31 patients admitted from January 2022 to June 2022 were listed as the control group and 30 patients admitted from July 2022 to December 2022 were listed as the observation group according to the time of admission.The control group was given routine psychiatric care, and the observation group was given staged thematic painting therapy on this basis. The intervention time was 6 weeks. The intervention effect was evaluated by Positive and Negative Affect Scale,Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale.Results:There were 15 males and 16 females in the control group, aged (14.19 ± 1.79) years old. There were 13 males and 17 females in the observation group, aged (14.47 ± 1.55) years old. The difference in baseline data between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) and was comparable. There was no significant difference in the score of positive emotions, alexithymia and self-efficacy before intervention between the two groups (all P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of positive emotions and self-efficacy in the observation group were (43.20±7.41), (31.88 ± 5.42) points, which were higher than those in the control group (33.81 ± 6.92), (21.24 ± 5.41) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=-6.19, -5.63, both P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of alexithymia in the observation group was (53.44 ± 4.68) points, which was lower than that in the control group (60.44 ± 5.52) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-8.72, P<0.05). Conclusions:Staged thematic painting therapy can effectively improve the positive emotions, self-efficacy and alexithymia level of children with emotional disorders, help the patients establish confidence to overcome the disease. It is valuable in clinical practice.

Objective: To explore the mediating effect of depressive symptom on the relationship between peer bullying patterns and suicidal ideation, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents. Methods: A follow up cohort was established in a junior middle school in Suixi County, Anhui Province in September 2019 (T1). The first follow up was conducted in September 2020 (T2). A total of 1 687 junior high school students participated in this study. Self designed peer bullying questionnaire,center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for children,and questions regarding suicide related behaviors were administered. Results: Prevalence of suicidal ideation, victimization and bullying were 28.3%, 27.0% and 24.4%, respectively. The latent class analysis(LCA) identified three heterogeneous peer bullying classes: low aggressive victims(71.4%), high aggressive victims(3.3%), high verbal and relational aggressive victims( 25.3 %). The low aggressive victims class was used as the reference group, T1 depressive symptom mediated the association between high aggressive victims(mediating effect=0.43, P < 0.05 ), high verbal and relational aggressive victims class (mediating effect= 0.29 , P <0.05) and T2 suicidal ideation. Conclusion Depressive symptom plays a mediating role in the relationship between peer bullying and suicidal ideation. In order to prevent peer bullying and suicide related psychological behaviors of adolescents, educators should pay attention to adolescents mental health when formulating corresponding measures.

Objective: To explore the relationship between different types of bullying behavior and depressive symptoms among adolescents, and to provide scientific basis for further prevention of peer bullying. Methods: Based on the follow up data of 1 687 adolescents from Huaibei City, Anhui Province in September 2019 (T1) and September 2020 (T2), the autoregressive cross lagged analysis was employed to explore the relationship between different types of peer bullying and depressive symptoms. Results: The scores of bullying behaviors (physical bullying, verbal bullying, relational bullying and cyber bullying) and depressive symptoms at T2 were lower than those at T1,and the differences were statistically significant ( t =13.60, 8.61,7.24,3.76,8.29, P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between bullying behavior and depressive symptoms ( P <0.01). The results from cross lagged regression analysis showed that physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying at T1 could positively predict depressive symptoms at T2 ( β = 0.06 , 0.04, 0.12, 0.05), and physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying at T1 could positively predict depressive symptoms at T2 ( β =0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.10) ( P <0.05). Conclusion There were bidirectional associations between adolescent peer bullying and depressive symptoms.

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people, leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment. Here, we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease (M^pro) and papain like protease (PL^pro), two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome, and identified 1851M^pro inhibitors and 205 PL^pro inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits. Among these inhibitors, eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both M^pro and PL^pro, exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment. The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay, with over 40% of M^pro inhibitors and over 20% of PL^pro inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity. The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. Together with docking assays, our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
Humans ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry* ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry* ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology* ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Binding Sites ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; Crotonates ; pharmacology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; drug effects ; Leflunomide ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; Oseltamivir ; therapeutic use ; Oxidoreductases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; virology ; Protein Binding ; drug effects ; Pyrimidines ; biosynthesis ; RNA Viruses ; drug effects ; physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Toluidines ; pharmacology ; Ubiquinone ; metabolism ; Virus Replication ; drug effects