The fast development of the molecular biology and the further research on the nucleic acid set a solid foundation for the development of genosensor.Genosensor is the result of combining molecular biology with microelectronics,electrochemistry,optics and etc,which will build a bridge between the life science and the information science and become one of the most important technologies for DNA information analysis and detection.The working principle,classification of genosenor and the recent research on its application in the detection of functional genes of environmental microorganisms are discussed according to the latest literature.And it is pointed out that the application in the determination of microorganism functional genes in compost is an important development orientation of genosensor.

Objective To evaluate the clinical performance of an automated image analysis systems named CellaVision DM96 in classifying White Blood Cells.Methods A total of 2267 peripheral blood samples (male 1 235, female 1 034, average age 46) were obtained from outpatient and inpatient in Peking Union Medical College Hospital ( PUMCH ) . These samples were selected to evaluate the precision, sensitivity, specificity and the analytical error of the system.We first evaluated the coincidence rate of reclassification and manual microscopy.On the base of favourable coincidence rate, we then evaluated the correlations between the pre-classification and reclassification of segmented neutrophil, band neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophile, basophile, blast cell, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, plasma cell and reactive lymphocyte.Results The sensitivity and specificity of pre-classification of White Blood Cell were 46% -100% and 24%-92%, respectively.When studied on the cell level, the total coincidence rate of pre-classification was 88%.And the coincidence rates of pre-classification and reclassification of White Blood Cell were 6%-95% and 25%-100%, respectively.When assessed on the sample level, the coincidence rates of pre-classification and reclassification of leukocytes were 64%-98%and 84%-100%, respectively.The correlations of pre-classification and reclassification of leukocytes in order from high to low were: lymphocyte, segmented neutrophil, eosinophile, band neutrophil, monocyte, basophile, when r were 0.943 9, 0.915 2, 0.785 4, 0.775 6, 0.676 2 and 0.289 1, respectively.The correlations between reclassification and manual microscopy of White Blood Cell were higher than those between pre-classification and manual microscopy.Order from high to low was: eosinophile, segmented neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, band neutrophil, basophile.And r were 0.972 1, 0.968 5, 0.957 0, 0.831 9, 0.800 6 and 0.648 7, respectively.The ability of this automated image analysis systems at pre-classification in distinguishing between band cell and segment cell, atypical lymphocyte and normal lymphocyte was not good. Conclusion The performance of reclassification was better than pre-classification.The reclassification can be substitute for the microscopy inspection, and be used in the Clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the significance of "merge" model versus "traditional" model in rotation training for professional clinical postgraduate students in department of gastroenterology. Methods The professional clinical postgraduate students who underwent rotation training in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from July 2012 to July 2016 were enrolled as subjects and were trained with the"merge" model and the "traditional" model, respectively. The two groups of subjects were compared in terms of clinical knowledge , skills , and core competencies . Results The postgraduates trained by the"merge" model had a significantly higher total score of clinical examinations than those trained by the"traditional" model [(92.60±2.52) vs. (83.80±3.14), t=10.93, P<0.01], while there were no significant differences in professional quality and doctor-patient communication between the two groups. Compared with those trained with the"traditional"model, the postgraduates trained by the"merge"model had significantly better understanding of clinical knowledge and clinical thinking ability, diagnosis and treatment skills, and psychological quality (χ2=27.00, 10.23, and 12.21, all P<0.01);however, there was no significant difference in clinical research ability between the two groups (χ2=1.39, P=0.24). Conclusion The model of professional clinical postgraduate training combined with standardized training of residents is superior to the traditional training model, and compared with the "traditional" model, the "merge" model is more beneficial to the training of comprehensive clinical practice abilities and thus holds promise for further application.

Sixty general practitioners of in-service training undertaking rotation in gastroenterology department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from July 2017 to July 2019 were randomized assigned in trial group ( n=30) and control group ( n=30). The problem-oriented mode was applied in trial group and conventional mode was applied in control group for teaching of two typical digestive diseases (upper gastrointestinal bleeding and acute pancreatitis). The formative evaluation and questionnaire survey were used to compare the teaching effects and the results of evaluation were compared with χ 2 test by SPSS 17.0 between two groups. The excellent and good rates of evaluation for the clinical psychological quality, clinical reasoning ability, doctor-patient communication ability and practice-based learning and improvement ability in trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group(χ2=7.38, P=0.03; χ2=12.96, P<0.01; χ2=23.33, P<0.01; χ2=16.14, P<0.01). Questionnaire survey showed more satisfaction towards teaching method in trial group was higher than that in control group(χ2=12.86, P<0.01); and the clinical reasoning ability, learning initiative and self-confidence in trial group were improved more markedly than those in control group(χ2=8.26, P=0.02; χ2=19.48, P<0.01; χ2=21.46, P<0.01). The problem-oriented clinical thinking teaching model demonstrates good effects on clinical comprehensive ability for general practitioners of in-service training during gastroenterology rotation, which is worth further promotion.

OBJECTIVETo explore the necessity of large-scale screening of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) A1555G mutation for prevention of aminoglycoside antibiotic induced deafness in newborns.

METHODSOne thousand blood filter samples were collected from neonates born in July 2008 in Shenzhen. DNA was extracted with Chelex-100 Resin and amplified by PCR. The mtDNA A1555G mutation was determined by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC) for PCR products. The positive frequency was calculated.

RESULTSThe mitochondrial DNA A1555G mutation was detected in 2 cases of 1000 neonates. The frequency of mutation was 0.2%.

CONCLUSIONThere is a high frequency of mtDNA A1555G mutation in neonates, the large-scale screening of mtDNAA1555G mutation in newborns might detect the individuals sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is helpful to guide a rational medication for newborns and the maternal relatives at high-risk. Furthermore, it might be useful to prevent aminoglycoside antibiotic induced deafness.

Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the phenylalanine hydroxylase( PAH)gene muta﹣tions in patients With phenylketonuria(PKU)in Guangxi region,in order to provide clinical data for genetic counseling and prenatal gene diagnosis. Methods Thirty－seven children diagnosed as PKU in the Maternal and Children＇s Hos﹣pital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Were enrolled in the study betWeen January 2009 and December 2017. Ve﹣nous blood Was collected and the PAH gene sequence Was determined by Sanger sequencing after amplification With the polymerase chain reaction technique. The neW gene mutations Were defined based on the national and international literature revieW and databases. MeanWhile,100 healthy individuals Were selected as the control group for gene sequen﹣cing to confirm Whether the mutation Was a neW one. Results Thirty－seven cases of PKU Were detected for 68 muta﹣tions,With the detection rate being 91. 89%(68／74). Six mutations Were identified in exon 7,Which accounted for 31. 08% of all,exon 12(18. 92%),exon 8(10. 81%)and exon 6(10. 81%)folloWed. A total of 25 different muta﹣tions Were identified Which including 14 missense mutations(56. 00%),7 nonsense mutations(28. 00%),3 splicing junction mutations(12. 00%),and 1 deletion mutation(4. 00%). The most common mutations included c. 1223G＞A (p. R408Q),c. 728G＞A(p. R243Q)and c. 721C＞T( p. R241C),accounting for 14. 86%,13. 51%,and 10. 81%, respectively. After querying international databases,including PAH mutation database and Human Gene Mutation Data﹣base and forecasting softWare,three kinds of mutations c. 314C＞ T(p. T105I),c. 583A＞ G(p. K195E),c . 851G＞A(p. C284Y)Were verified as novel PAH gene mutations. Conclusions The mutation spectrum of the PAH gene in Guangxi has been identified. And 3 kinds of mutations have been identified. This may accumulate valuable information for gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of PKU in Guangxi region.

Objective: To investigate the clinical, biochemical and genetic features of four carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency cases. Methods: Four cases diagnosed with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency from Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital were studied. DNA was extracted from dry blood filter for gene analysis. SLC25A20 gene analysis was performed in 1 case and the whole exon sequence analysis was performed in 3 cases. Results: Retrospective study on unrelated carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency patients, the age of onset was 1-28 d, the age of death were 1.5-30 d, main clinical features were hypoglycemia (4 cases), arrhythmia (2 cases), sudden death (2 cases). Biochemical test showed hypoglycemia (1.2-2.0 mmol/L) , elevated creatine kinase (955-8 361 U/L) and creatine kinase isozyme(199-360 U/L), normal or decreased free carnitine level (3.70-27.07 μmol/L) , elevated long-chain acylcarnitine (palmityl carnitine 1.85-14.84 μmol/L). The gene tests showed that all 4 cases carried SLC25A20 gene c.199-10T> G homozygous mutation, inherited from their parents. By analyzing the haplotype, we found that the mutation loci of C. 199-10T> G were all in the same haplotype. Conclusion The c.199-10T> G mutation is an important molecular cause of carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, which has relatively high frequency in Guangxi population, and is related to the founder effect.

Objective To observe the optimal timing of operation and the therapeutic effect of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Methods The clinical records of 90 consecutive patients with TON (93 eyes) after head and/or maxillofacial trauma from April 1998 to March 2007 were reviewed and analyzed. All patients were either unresponsive or intolerant to medication before they underwent intranasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression. The time interval between the injury and operation ranged from one day to 97 days (median 5.5 days). Among the 93 eyes, there were 71 eyes with no visual acuity before operation and 22 eyes with residue visual acuity, including light perception in 1 eye, hand movement in 5 eyes, counting fingers in 13 eyes, 0.04 in 1 eye, and 0.1 in 2 eyes. Duration of follow-up ranged from 6 days to two years (median 8 days). Results After decompression, 35 patients (36/93 eyes, 38.7%) showed improvement of visual acuity, 53 patients (55 eyes, 59.1%) remained the same as before operation, while 2 patients (2 eyes, 2.2%) showed decreased visual acuity. Among patients with visual acuity beyond light perception before decompression, 68.2% of them (15/22 eyes) experienced visual improvement ,whereas only 22.9% (8/35 eyes, 0.02 in two eyes) among patients who lost visual acuity immediately after injury, and 36.1% (13/36 eyes, 0.02 in five eyes) among those who lost visual acuity gradually after injury. There was a significant difference in visual improvement between group with visual acuity and group with no visual acuity (X2 = 11. 864, P < 0.01). Among patients with no visual acuity, 41.2% of those (7/17 eyes) who underwent operation within 3 days of injury, experienced improvement in visual acuity, compared with 25.9% (14/54 eyes) for those who underwent the operation more than 3 days after injury. It was indicated that no significant difference in visual improvement between these two groups (X2 = 1.46, P > 0.05). When comparing different sites of fracture, the effect of surgery was the most desirable (55.6%, 10/18 eyes improved) if the fracture occurred simultaneously in both exterior and interior walls of optic canal, followed by the interior wall fracture (45.7%, 21/46 eyes). The operation was less effective if there was no fraction (20% , 4/20 eyes) or if the fracture occurred in exterior wall alone (11.1%, 1/9 eyes). Conclusions Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is a minimally invasive procedure with no adverse cosmetic effects. Early operation is recommended for saving vision, even though visual acuity is lost immediately after injury. However, the satisfactory clinical effects of endoscopic optic nerve decompression require further study.

Traditional medical device sterilization processes are mature, but there are constraints when using on medical devices by new materials. With increasing environmental concerns, using of ethylene oxide sterilization has been limited by global environmental protection administrations. Exploring new sterilization methods for medical devices is urgently needed. This paper reviews the supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization technology by arranging the exploratory work of industry researchers. In the paper, we introduce the theory of supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization technology, microbial inactivation ability, material influence research and sterilization equipment. Then we discuss the concerns and possibilities of the technology applied to the medical device industry basing on the good manufacturing practices.
Carbon Dioxide ; Sterilization

Iridoid synthase( IS),the key enzyme in the natural biosynthesis of vegetal iridoids,catalyzes the irreversible cyclization of 10-oxogeranial to epi-iridodial. In this study,we screened the Rehmannia glutinosa transcriptome data by BLASTn with Catharanthus roseus CrIS cDNA,and found four c DNA fragments with length of 1 527,1 743,1 425,1 718 bp,named RgIS1,RgIS2,RgIS3 and RgIS4,respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the four iridoid synthase genes encoding proteins with 389-392 amino acid residues,protein molecular weights were between 44. 30-44. 74 k Da,and theoretical isoelectric points were between 5. 30 and 5. 87. Subcellular localization predictions showed that the four iridoid synthase were distributed in the cytoplasm. Structure analysis revealed that R. glutinosa iridoid synthases contain six conserved short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase( SDR) motifs,and their 3 D models were composed typical dinucleotide-binding " Rossmann" folds covered by helical C-terminal extensions. Using the amino acid sequences of four R. glutinosa iridoid synthases,phylogenetic analysis was performed,the result indicated that RgIS3,CrIS and Olea europaea OeIS were grouped together,the other R. glutinosa iridoid synthases and fifteen proteins in other plants had close relationship. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR revealed that RgIS1 and RgIS3 highly expressed in unfold leaves,however,RgIS2 and RgIS4 highly expressed in stems and tuberous roots,respectively. RgIS3 showed higher expression levels in non-radial striations( nRS) of the two cultivars,and RgIS1 and RgIS2 had higher expression levels in nRS of QH,while RgIS4 had less expression levels in nRS of QH1. RgIS1,RgIS2 and RgIS3 were up-regulated by Me JA treatment,although the time and degree of response differed. Our findings are helpful to reveal molecular function of R. glutinosa iridoid synthases and provide a clue for studing the molecular mechanism of iridoid biosynthesis.
Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Plant ; Iridoids ; metabolism ; Ligases ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Rehmannia ; enzymology ; genetics