Acetates ; urine ; Chromatography, Gas ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans

We found that the number of institutions made use of the undocumented in vitro diagnostic reagent in the survey. The phenomenon poses some risks and problems. In use this paper, we analyzed the situation and the reasons for the use of the undocumented in vitro diagnostic reagents, and put forward the corresponding measures.
Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; standards

BACKGROUND: Many studies focus on transforming growth factor β (TGF β) and its receptors, however, the distdbution of type Ⅰ TGF receptor (TGF-βR Ⅰ) in peripheral region of hypertrophic scars remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression and distribution of TGF-βR Ⅰ and type Ⅰ collagen in the peripheral and central areas of human skin hypertrophic scar. METHODS: A total of 30 cases with human cutaneous scars admitted at the Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Mammary Gland, Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 1999 to 2002, were selected, including 20 cases with hypertrophic scar and 10 cases with normal scars. A total of 180 scars were obtained from central and peripheral areas of scars as well as normal skin tissues. The protein contents of TGF-βR1 and type Ⅰcollagen was detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the immunostaining positive in these samples was analyzed by semiquantitative analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to non hypertrophic scar and normal skin tissues, the TGF-βR1 expression of hypertrophic scar was obvious greater with strong positive reaction. The TGF-β R Ⅰ content was 100% in peripheral region of hypertrophic scar, which was notably 20% greater than that of central area (P < 0.05). The content of type Ⅰ collagen was both 100% in peripheral and central areas. The differences of positive TGF-β R Ⅰ and type Ⅰ collagen had no significance between peripheral and central areas of non hypertrophic scars (P > 0.05). There were few contents of TGF-βR Ⅰ and type Ⅰ collagen in normal skin tissues. The expression of TGF-β R Ⅰ is higher in peripheral than central areas of hypertrophic scar. Therefore, the peripheral area would be emphasized in the clinic work.

Based on the requirement of biology education development,the article analyzes the approach to improve the teaching quality of medical biology from quality education,subjiect intercrossing or 'regression' and 'outspread',and offers new ideas for education reform and innovation of the medical biology.

In recent years, various studies and analyses related to cosmetics safety were conducted according to routine tests in Hygienic Standard of Cosmetics (2007), and the eligible rates of tested cosmetics were high. But the other prohibited and limited use components, such as antibiotics were analyzed rarely, and meanwhile some kinds of cosmetic related dermatitis cases appeared dramatically. Several dermatitis, especially contact dermatitis and hormone dependent dermatitis symptoms were not contained in Diagnostic Criteria and Principles of Management of Skin Diseases Induced by Cosmetics-General Guideline, GB 17149.1—1997. So it indicated the standard, GB 17149.1—1997 should be revised and some prohibited and limited use components such as hormone and antibiotic testing should be appended to the safety analysis of cosmetics.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Risk Assessment ; methods ; organization & administration

BACKGROUND: Mild hypothermia (28-35 ℃) is becoming one of the promising methods in treating acute ischemic stroke. Hypothermia can effectively lessen brain edema, which is one of its neuroprotective roles.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on brain water content and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression level following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, so as to study the neuroprotective mechanisms of mild hypothermia.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Neurobiological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: 110 healthy male SD rats with body mass 250-300 g, provided by the Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College, No. SYNK (Jiangsu) 2002-0079, were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups by SPSS 11.0software: ①sham-operated group (n=10);②normothermiagroup (n=50); ③mild hypothermia group (33 ℃, n=50). Normothermia group and mild hypothermia group were subdivided into five reperfusion subgroups for 6 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 7 days, respectively with 10 rats in each subgroup,in which 5 rats were used for measurement of brain water content, and others for HE staining and immunohistochemistry staining.METHODS: The models of global cerebral ischemia were established in the normothermia group and mild hypothermia group by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method with ischemia for 15 minutes as Pulsinelli described.The rats in the sham-operated group were only underwent the electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries and the isolation of common carotid arteries except for occlusion of common carotid arteries. Twenty-four hours later, the rats were decapitated to take out the brains. The brains of rats in the normothermia group and mild hypothermia group were taken out to make sections for HE staining and immunohistochemistry staining, and the dynamic change of pathology of the brain tissue and AQP4 expression level were observed after reperfusion for 6 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 7 days, respectively. The brain wet-to-dry weight measurement was used to measure the brain water content of the rats at each time point of each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The pathologic changes of brain tissues of rats in the normothermia group and mild hypothermia group. ②The brain water content and the AQP4 expression level of all rats at each time point.RESULTS: ①After 6 hours of reperfusion, brain edema appeared in the normothermia group including amplification of periyascular spaces and intercellular spaces, rarefaction of brain tissues, etc, which got worst after 2 days of reperfusion; the phenomenon of brain edema of the rats in the mild hypothermia group at each time point was relatively lighter than the normothermia group. ②Brain water content of the normothermia group and mild hypothermia group was increased after 6 hours of reperfusion and reached peak at the 2nd day; Although decreased at the 7th day, it was still higher than the sham-operated group. The brain water content of the mild hypothermia group at each time point was less than the normothermia group (values after 6 hour and 7 day, P ＜ 0.01, the rest groups P ＜ 0.05).③AQP4 expression level of the normothermia group and mild hypothermia group was increased after 6 hours of reperfusion and reached peak at the 2nd day. Although decreased at the 7th day, it was still higher than the sham-operated group.The AQP4 expression level of the mild hypothermia group at each time point was lower than the normothermia group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:The change tendency of AQP4 level is parallel to that of brain water content after ischemia reperfusion, which indicates that the upregulation of AQP4 expression is one of molecular mechanisms for the for mation of ischemicbrain edema. Mild hypothermia can release ischemic brain edema by inhibiting AQP4 expression, which is one of its mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the role of haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in remote limb ischemic preconditioning (RLIP)-induced attenuation of lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four Japanese White Rabbits,aged 4-5 months,weighing 2.0-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),I/R group,RLIP group and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP,an inhibitor of HO-1) plus RLIP group (ZnPP + RLIP group).Lung I/R was produced by 60 min occlusion of the left lung hilum followed by 180 min of reperfusion in I/R,RLIP and ZnPP + RLIP groups.RLIP and ZnPP + RLIP groups received 3 cycles of 10 min ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion in the bilateral hind limbs immediately before occlusion of the left lung hilum.In ZnPP + RLIP group,ZnPP 10 μmol/kg was injected intravenously 10 min prior to hind limb ischemia and the rest of the procedures were similar to those previously described in RLIP group.At the end of reperfusion,arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis.The animals were then sacrificed and pulmonary specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored (lung injury score,LIS) and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),myleoperoxidase (MPO) activity,malondialdehyde (MDA) content and expression and activity of HO-1 in the lung tissues.Results Compared with group S,PaO2 was significantly decreased,and LIS,W/D ratio,MPO activity,MDA content,and HO-1 expression and activity were increased in I/R group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with I/R group,PaO2 and HO-1 expression and activity were significantly increased,and LIS,W/D ratio,MPO activity and MDA content were decreased in RLIP group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with RLIP group,PaO2 and HO-1 expression and activity were significantly decreased,and LIS,W/D ratio,MPO activity and MDA content were increased in ZnPP + RLIP group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion RLIP up-regulates HO-1 expression and enhances HO-1 activity,thus reducing lung I/R injury in rabbits.

Objective To determine the effects of curcumin microemulsion on proliferation and apoptosis of the human leukemia cell line K562 cells.Methods The curcumin microemulsion was prepared with the routine procedure.MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation in cultured K562 cells,flow cytometry analysis was applied to examine cell apoptosis,and WT1 mRNA was determined with RT-PCR.The results about curcumin microemulsion were compared with these on curcumin.Results The prepared curcumin microemulsion was a stable clear solution with diameter of 10-100 nm.Curcumin microemulsion inhibited K562 cell proliferation by 24％,46％,68％with a 24 h incubation at dose of 2.5 μg/ml,5.0 μg/ml,and 10.0 μg/ml respectively,whereas curcumin reduced the proliferation by 6％,14％,25％at equal concentrations.WT1 mRNA level of curcumin microemulsion group(0.190±0.036)was reduced stronger than that of curcusin group(0.456±0.047).Conclusions Microemulsion is a great carrier for curcumin.Curcumin microemulsion is more effective in inhibiting proliferation,pro-apoptosis,and reducing WT1 gene expression than curcumin.A strong basis of medical value for the use of curcumin microemulsion to treat tumors is provided.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of mucin1 (MUC1) and tumor invasion in pituitary adenomas.Methods The expression of MUC1 was detected by immunohistochemical analysis in 26 tissues of invasive pituitary adenoma and 29 of non-invasive pituitary adenoma.Results The expression of MUC1 in invasive pituitary adenomas tissues was 76.92 ％ (20/26).It was weakly positive or negative in non-invasive pituitary adenoma tissues,and the positive rate was 27.57 ％ (8/29).There was significant difference in two groups (x2 =13.35,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of MUC1 in functional pituitary adenomas was 44.82 ％ (13/35) and was 75.00 ％ (15/20) in non-functional pituitary adenomas.There were no significant difference in two groups (x2 =6.13,P ＞ 0.01).Conclusions Over-expression and aberrant localization of MUC1 in invasive pituitary adenoma may act as distinguishing diagnostic markers of invasive pituitary adenoma.MUC1 might be as the target of immunotherapy of invasive pituitary adenoma.