Short chain fatty acids(SCFA) are produced in the large bowel of humans by anaerobic bacterial fermentation.The main fermentative substrates are undigested dietary carbohydrates,including nonstarch polysaccharides and resistant starch(RS).SCFA are major organic acids in the lumen of the large intestine.They are preferred energy source for colonocytes.Their effects include enhancement of electrolyte uptake,stimulation of colon epithelial cell proliferation and mucosa growth,modulation of colonic immune function,nutritional support and protection of colon mucosa.Butyric acid can suppress colon neoplasm cell proliferation,induce its apoptosis and differentiation,affect proto-onc genes expression,which suggest that butyrate may be an important agent in cancer treatment.

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a variant of bile duct tumors characterized by papillary growth within the dilated bile duct lumen and secretion with a large amount of mucins.IPNB is an intraductal papillary cancer of the bile duct or a preinvasive lesion classified by the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification.Although the specific etiology and pathogenesis are unclear,IPNB is known to two major risk factors:hepatoliathiasis and clonorchiasis.The clinical manifestations of IPNB include intermittent abdominal pain,acute cholangitis and obstructive jaundice.Results of laboratory test show abnormal liver function resulting from obstruction of bile duct,but it's not specific.The most common imaging findings for IPNB are bile duct dilatation and intraductal masses.Computed tomography,magnetic resonance image and cholangiography are usually performed to access tumor location and extension.According to morphology of the tumor epithelial cells,IPNB are classified into the pancreticbiliary,intestinal,gastric and oncocytic types.The surgical resection is a major treatment of IPNB.In principle,IPNB should be resected in a manner similar to that employed for other types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and extrabepatic bile duct carcinomas.The type of surgical procedure for IPNB depends upon tumor location and extension.Although several investigations have been conducted for illuminating molecular genetic changes during the development and progression of IPNB,the specific mechanism is still not clear,and further study is needed.

With the development of society and living condition,the incidences of fatty liver and other diseases like hypertension,cardiovascular disease and diabetes have increasd by several factors.This review discussed the cause,mechanism and therapy of fatty liver.The emphasis was put on the object and principle of nutritional therapy.Generally,the treatment of fatty liver includes control of the underlying causes,nutritional therapy,proper physical exercise,upbeat life-rhythm and a certain workload.Plasmapheresis and oxygen therapy are the new methods.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; congenital ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanocytes ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of the teaching modes based on problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture-based learning (LBL) in clinical practice of hepatobiliary surgery.Methods 166 5-year program students were divided into 2 groups:PBL group (n=83)and LBL group (n=83).The performance in interrogation,physical examination,medical records and theoretical tests were analyzed.Results PBL group had better performance in all the above aspects compared to LBL group (P<0.05).Conclusions The teaching mode based on PBL is a good method,which Can inspire the students and improve their ability to solve problems in clinical practice of hepatobiliary surgery.

Objective To investigate the expression of integrin ?1 and ?1 and to study their role on cell apoptosis of placenta with pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome. Methods Immuno histochemistry was used for 40 placental samples with PIH and 43 normal placental samples to detect the expression of integrin ?1、?1; TDT mediated dUTP nick end labeling(Tune1) was used for 12 placental samples with PIH and 24 normal placental samples to examine apoptosis index in cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast and decidual cell. Results The apoptosis index in placental cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast and decidual cells in PIH group were (11.04 ? 3.46)%, (12.2 ? 3.67)%, (13.03 ? 4.38)% respectively and was significantly higher than of control group [(3.91 ? 1.65)%,(5.39 ? 1.76)%, (4.08 ? 1.97)%] ( P

Objective: To construct eukaryotic expression vector of tumor-associated gene SNC90 and transfect it into human colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods: A 1.5 kb tumor-associate gene SNC90 full length cDNA was inserted into a mammalian expression vector pREP9 to make recombinant vector pREP9-SNC90, which was then introduced into three kinds of colorectal cancer cell lines, SW1116, COL0205 and SW620, by lipofection or electroporation. The cells resistant to G418 drug were selected. Results: Cells transfected with pREP9-SNC90 showed fewer G418-resistant colonies than those transfected with void vector, the inhibitory rates are 72.2%, 74.2% and 59.7%, respectively. Conclusion : SNC90 may play a negative role in regulating growth of colorectal cancer cell.

Objective To perform modification study of cyanoacrylate (CA) medical adhesive and to select the optimal mo-difying material and the best ratio.Methods Carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), hydrophobic nano-silica, nitrile rubber, epoxy resin and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used to modify 5% triclosan/cyanoacrylate antimicrobial adhesive respectively. The bond strength, toughness and viscosity of the modified adhesive were examined in different concentrations.Results 0.064% MWCNTs-COOH, 6% nano-silica, 4% nitrile rubber and 6.4% epoxy resin all had good effects in strength modification. The bond strength were (14.71±1.48)MPa, (14.03±1.92)MPa, (14.6±1.78)MPa and (14.05±1.46)MPa respectively. 8% nano-silica had the lowest Tg of (1.1±0.24)℃ and the strongest viscosity of (15 536.68±28.4)cP. When the nano-silica concentration was 8%, the compound was very viscous and sticky. When the antimicrobial adhesive modified with 6% nano-silica, the bond strength was (14.03±1.92)MPa, the Tg was (3.6±0.68)℃, and the viscosity was (5 278.87±31.68)cP.Conclusion 6% nano-silica is the best modifying material, and has the optimal effect of modification.

Objective To discuss the maximum tolerated dose of oxaliplatin based on 5-fluorouracil derivative in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Methods From Mar 2015 to Oct 2015,15 locally advanced rectal cancer patients (T3,T4/N +) who received intensity modulated radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin were enrolled in this study.The prescription dose was 50.6 Gy for gross tumor volume(GTV) and 41.8 Gy for clinical tumor volume(CTV) in 22 fractions within 30 d with concomitant boost.There were four dose-level groups of oxaliplatin as 100,110,120 and 130 mg/m2 tri-weekly and fixed capecitabine dose (825 mg/m2 bid d1-5 per week).The first 12 patients were randomly assigned into 4 groups.For the 130 mg/m3 group,another 3 patients were enrolled because of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).Treatment related toxicities and response rates were evaluated.Results The most common adverse events(AE) were radiation enteritis,skin reactions,nausea,fatigue,urinary system AE and bone marrow suppression.There was a trend of increase by the dose level of oxaliplatin for toxicities.Groups 100,110 and 120 mg/m2 had none DLT,while group 130 mg/m2 had 1 patient for grade 3 thrombopenia and 1 patient for grade 3 nausea.Postoperative pathology showed that all patients achieved tumor downstaging,among which 0,1,2,3 cases achieved complete remission of the four groups,respectively.Conclusions The combination regimen of capecitabine and oxaliplatin is safe and effective according to the preliminary results.The maximum tolerated dose of oxaliplatin was 130 mg/m2 tri-weekly.

the effect of maintaining integrity of epithelial cells by increasing occludin protein expression,and the effect is related with the up-regulation of occludin mRNA.