Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in children has been previously regarded as a rare cerebrovascular disease. With the development of neuroimaging, we have more knowledge and understanding about CVST in children. The etiologies of CVST can be divided into infectious and noninfectious. Its clinical manifestations are various and lack of specificity. These characteristics make the clinical diagnosis of CVST have some difficulties.Now, it is considered that in combination with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography is the best means of diagnosis of CVST. Anticoagulation is the preferred treatment for CVST. Interventional thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy or decompressive craniotomy can be used for children whose symptoms continue to deteriorate after systematic anticoagulation therapy. The prognosis of CVST is relatively good if it is diagnosed and treated in time.

Moyamoya disease is an uncommon cerebral disease, but its morbidity is relatively high in East Asian populations. Ivy sign refers to the dot or linear high signal phenomenon in MRI T1 enhanced sequence in patients with moyamoya disease. It mainly distributes in the pial surface of cerebral cortex or within subarachnoid space. It has important significance for diagnosing moyamoya disease and assessing the staging and prognosis of moyamoya disease. This article briefly reviews this imaging finding and its significance.

Epidemiological studies indicated that dietary tiber was inversely associated with stroke risk.Epidemiological studies have confirmed that increased dietary fiber intake can reduce the risk of stroke.Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that dietary fiber intake may reduce the incidence of stroke by reducing vascular risk factors,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and obesity.The direct mechanism of increased dietary fiber intake reducing stroke risk remains to be further studied.Clinicians should pay attention to the important role of dietary fiber,guide the patients with stroke and individuals at risk of stroke to increase consumption of fiber-rich fruits and vegetables.

arotid artery stenosis is a common clnical disease, and its treatment includes drug therapy, carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty and stenting. This article reviews the advances in the management of carotid artery stenosis.

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemie stroke. Understanding the compositions of carotid plaque arid preventing plaque rupture are of importance to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Magnetic resornance imaging (MRI) is noninvasive, highly reproducible, does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation. It is one of the most potential imaging tools for carotid atherosclerotic plaques. This article reviews the application of MRI in the imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

The metabolic syndrome represents a complex combination of the symptoms obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipoproteinemia. Insulin resistance is the major pathophysiologjcal basis of the metabolic syndrome. There is a close association between the metabolic syndrome and its various components and vascular cognitive impairment. This article briefly reviews the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome caused vascular cognitive impairment, and summarizes the significance of controlling metabolic syndrome on the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.

Cervical arterial dissection is an important cause resulting in stroke, particularly in young adults. The clinical manifestation of cervical arterial dissection may be various, and imaging examinations have a great value in the diagnosis of cervical arterial dissection. At present, anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation are the most important medication, while intravascular intervention is a new option for patients failed to respond to medical treatment. This article reviews the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical arterial dissection.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between intra-extracranial arterial stenosis and silent cerebral infarction(SCI) in the elder with essential hypertension(EH). Methods:The results of color duplex ultrasonography(Duplex) and digital subtraction angiography(DSA) examination of 86 patients with essential hypertension complicated silent cerebral infarction were analyzed.The incidence of intra-and extracranial arterial stenosis and arthrosclerosis plaque were calculated.The comparative value of Duplex and DSA for evaluating atherosclerosis of extracranial carotid artery was analyzed using statistic methods. Results:The incidence of arthrosclerosis plaque was higher in SCI group than that in normal control group(62.79%,24%,P

Most patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases,after treated in hospitals during the acute stage,can return home or back to the community.Therefore,secondary prevention of the disease in the community is very important.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and lecukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a recently described neurovascular disease affecting young to middle aged individuals. The disease is caused by mutations in the Notch3 gene located in the long arm of chromosome 19. The disease clinically is characterized by migrainous headaches ,mood disturbances, focal neurologic deficits, transient ischemic attaches, strokes and dementia. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by a stereotypic degeneration of the arterial walls with deposition in the media of a nonatheromatous,(nonamyloidotic) substance that under the electron microscope (EM) appears as a granular osmiophilic material (GOM). A review of current literature is presented concerning the clinical, radiological, pathologic and genetic feature of CADASIL.