Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease.Its incidence is higher in the East Asia.The pathogenesis of MMD remains unclear at present,but the epidemiological research both at home and abroad suggests that the genetic factors play an important role in the onset of MMD.This article briefly reviews the recent progress in research on MMD related genes.

arotid artery stenosis is a common clnical disease, and its treatment includes drug therapy, carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty and stenting. This article reviews the advances in the management of carotid artery stenosis.

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemie stroke. Understanding the compositions of carotid plaque arid preventing plaque rupture are of importance to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Magnetic resornance imaging (MRI) is noninvasive, highly reproducible, does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation. It is one of the most potential imaging tools for carotid atherosclerotic plaques. This article reviews the application of MRI in the imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug widely used in clinical practice now.It has been used as the secondary prevention medication for myocardial infarction,ischemic stroke,and peripheral vascular disease.However,the anti-platelet aggregation effect of clopidogrel has significant individual differences.A large part of patients have clopidogrel resistance phenomenon.The mechanism of clopidogrel resistance is not fully understood.The genetic polymorphism is an important cause of clopidogrel resistance,including ABCB1,CYP2C19,CYP3A4,CYP3A5,P2Y12,and ITGB3.

The metabolic syndrome represents a complex combination of the symptoms obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipoproteinemia. Insulin resistance is the major pathophysiologjcal basis of the metabolic syndrome. There is a close association between the metabolic syndrome and its various components and vascular cognitive impairment. This article briefly reviews the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome caused vascular cognitive impairment, and summarizes the significance of controlling metabolic syndrome on the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.

Cervical arterial dissection is an important cause resulting in stroke, particularly in young adults. The clinical manifestation of cervical arterial dissection may be various, and imaging examinations have a great value in the diagnosis of cervical arterial dissection. At present, anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation are the most important medication, while intravascular intervention is a new option for patients failed to respond to medical treatment. This article reviews the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical arterial dissection.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in children has been previously regarded as a rare cerebrovascular disease. With the development of neuroimaging, we have more knowledge and understanding about CVST in children. The etiologies of CVST can be divided into infectious and noninfectious. Its clinical manifestations are various and lack of specificity. These characteristics make the clinical diagnosis of CVST have some difficulties.Now, it is considered that in combination with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography is the best means of diagnosis of CVST. Anticoagulation is the preferred treatment for CVST. Interventional thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy or decompressive craniotomy can be used for children whose symptoms continue to deteriorate after systematic anticoagulation therapy. The prognosis of CVST is relatively good if it is diagnosed and treated in time.

Epidemiological studies indicated that dietary tiber was inversely associated with stroke risk.Epidemiological studies have confirmed that increased dietary fiber intake can reduce the risk of stroke.Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that dietary fiber intake may reduce the incidence of stroke by reducing vascular risk factors,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and obesity.The direct mechanism of increased dietary fiber intake reducing stroke risk remains to be further studied.Clinicians should pay attention to the important role of dietary fiber,guide the patients with stroke and individuals at risk of stroke to increase consumption of fiber-rich fruits and vegetables.

Objective:To investigate the effect of edaravone injection on the neuron-specific enolase(NSE) concentration in serum from patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:The NSE concentrations in serum from 35 patients were measured by an ELISA method.Neurological deficit was scored for clinical effect assessment.Results:Serum NSE levels and neurological deficit scores in edaravone treating group significantly decreased at d 3 compared with those in routine therapy group((P

Moyamoya disease is an uncommon cerebral disease, but its morbidity is relatively high in East Asian populations. Ivy sign refers to the dot or linear high signal phenomenon in MRI T1 enhanced sequence in patients with moyamoya disease. It mainly distributes in the pial surface of cerebral cortex or within subarachnoid space. It has important significance for diagnosing moyamoya disease and assessing the staging and prognosis of moyamoya disease. This article briefly reviews this imaging finding and its significance.