The article reviewed of the origin of the social practice teaching in master of public health(MPH) program and gave the introduction of the social practice in American MPH education. Through the definition, positioning and feedback of specialized social practice in full-time MPH program, we can get some experiences and enlightenments of specialized social practice in full-time MPH educa-tion, which will provide references for social practice teaching in full-time professional degree education.

Objective To study the role of glucocorticoid (GC) in treating patients with cyto- megalovirus (CMV) pneumonia following renal transplantation.Methods There were 75 cases CMV pneumonia following renal transplantation during one month (3 cases),2-6 months (64 cases) and more than 6 months (8 cases).All patients were subjected to the comprehensive treatments including anti-virus therapy.In 47 cases,GC was given (GC group),and in the rest 28 cases,GC was not administered (non-GC group).Results In GC group,40 cases (85.1%) were cured and there were 7 deaths (14.9%).In non-GC group,17 cases (60.7%) were cured and there were 11 deaths (39.3%).There was significant difference between two groups (P

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of general combinable external fixator for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture(FIF).Methods One hundred and seventeen FIF patients were randomized into two groups: the treatment group(N =56) received treatment with general combinable external fixator,and the control group(N =61) received bone traction.A follow-up of 6~13 months was carried out.The therapeutic effect and the incidence of complications were compared in both groups.Results The total effective rate was 96.43% in the treatment group and 50.82% in the control group,and the incidence of complications was 7.1%(4/56) in the treatment group and 45.9%(28/61)in the control group,the difference being significant(P

Objective To investigate the influence of murine cytomegalovirus(MCMV) infection on differentiation and differentiation gene expression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro for studying the mechanisms of brain abnormalities calmed by congenital cytomegalovirns infection. Methods NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/c mouse and cultured and identified in vitro. The differentiation potency of NSCs was observed by immunnfluorescence. The NSCs infected by MCMV at dosage of multiplicity of infection (MOI) equaled to 5, I and 0. 1, respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by inverted microscope. The ratios of NSCs and its differentiated cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression changes of nestin, GFAP and NSE, markers of NSCs and its differentiated cells, were studied by immunofluorescence ( MOI = 1 ). The expression of early antigen (EA) of MCMV was detected to observe the infection process. Real-time RT-PCR method was employed to measure the expression levels of the key differentiation genes Wnt-3 and Wnt-7a in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs at early phage of differentiation culture. Results NSCs isolated from embryonic mouse brains could proliferate to form neurnspheres and strongly express Nestin and differentiate into NF-200 positive neurons or GFAP positive astrocytes. The NSCs of the infected groups couldn't adhere to the wall and appear differentia-tion growth, but showed swollen gradually after differentiation culture. The nostin expression of the infected groups downregulated slowly and was higher than that of the control groups ( P < 0.05 ). The GFAP and NSE expression of the infected groups were lower than that of the control groups (P <0.05). The EA of MCMV could be always detected in the cells of the infected groups. The ratios of nestin positive cells of the infected groups were higher than that of the control groups, but the ratios of GFAP and NSE positive cells of the for-mer were lower than that of the latter from 3rd to 9th day after differentiation culture ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of Wnt-3 mRNA and Wnt-7a mRNA of the infected groups were markedly lower than that of the control groups from 1st to 2nd clay and from 12th hour to 2nd day after differentiation culture respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . These changes of the infected groups became more obvious as MCMV MOI increased . Conclusion MCMV could inhibit significantly NSCs differentiate to neurons and astrocytes and lead to the decrease of dif-ferentiated cells. MCMV could inhibit or interfere with the gene expression of Wnt-3 and Wnt-7a in Wnt sig-nal pathway of NSCs. The effect that MCMV inhibited the differentiation and the differentiation gene expres-sion of NSCs showed dose-dependent with MCMV MOI. The inhibitory effect of MCMV on the differentiation of NSCs might be induced by interfering the differentiation gene expression of NSCs, which is possibly the one of primary causes of brain development disorders caused by congenital CMV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the MR findings of normal and abnormal collateral ligament and the meaning of medical jurisprudence appraisal. METHODS: The MR findings of 12 normal and 13 surgically confirmed injured collateral ligaments were retrospectively reviewed and compared. RESULTS: The normal tibial and fibular collateral ligaments were hypointense string on both T1 and T2 coronal MR images, with average length of 6.8 cm for tibial collateral ligament and 5.7 cm for fibular collateral ligament.13 collateral ligaments were injured, including 6 tibial and 3 fibular collateral ligaments. Two cases(4 ligaments) had both tibial and fibularcollateral ligaments injuries. The injury of collateral ligament was classified as: Grade I(5 ligaments), Grade II(5 ligaments), and Grade III(3 ligaments). The complications of anterior cruciate ligament sprains(3 cases), posterior cruciate ligament sprains(4 cases), meniscal tear(2 cases) were found in 7 patients(63.6%). CONCLUSION Coronal MR imaging can clearly demonstrate the structure of the knee collateral ligaments, accurately diagnose and classify the ligament injury, and correctly detect the complications, MRI is very valuable for medical jurisprudence appraisal.
Adult ; Collateral Ligaments/pathology* ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Knee Injuries/diagnosis* ; Knee Joint ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee/pathology* ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate application feasibility of Array CGH in genetic diagnosis of clinical complex chromosomal abnormalities.Methods Two patients of genetic counseling and two patients of prenatal diagnosis were selected from Xiamen Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital during the period of December 2010 to December 2011.Under aseptic conditions 2-4 ml peripheral blood was collected in EDTA and 2-3 ml Cord Blood was collected through cordocentesis after genetic counseling and preoperative examination.G-banded chromosome analysis and genome DNA extraction were carried out on the four cases.The whole genome of four cases were scanned and analyzed by Array CGH.The results of Array CGH were confirmed by FISH.Results Array CGH detected different kinds of duplications and deletions in several chromosomes.Most of these duplications and deletions were not detected by karyotype analysis.The results of Array CGH showed duplication of 4p16.3-4p15.31,deletion of 4p16.3 in the first case,duplication of Xp11.22-Xq11.1 in the second case,duplication of 4p16.3-4p15.32,deletion of 2q37.3 in the third case and duplication of 2q21.2-2q32.1,deletion of 2q14.3-2q21.1 in the fourth case.These duplications and deletions were confirmed by FISH.Conclusions Compared with conventional cytogenetic analysis,Array CGH can not only accurately detect micro deletion and micro duplication with high resolution and sensitivity but also identify breakpoints precisely.Array CGH can provide the basis for clinical genetic diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning (OzoneOP) on apoptosis induced by acute renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods The right kidneys of rats in control group were excised.A rat I/R model was established in I/R group.In OzoneOP group,the renal OzoneOP was induced by rectal insufflation of 5.0～5.5 ml oxygen plus ozone (ozone 50 mg/L,1 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1,once every day).The parameters (blood urea nitrogen and creatine )of renal function were determined by auto-biochemical analyzer. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by using chromometry.Cytochrome c (CytC) was examined by using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the renal tissue were detected by using RT-PCR.ResultsCompared with the control group,the blood urea nitrogen,creatine,MDA and the release of CytC were increased significantly in I/R group.After OzoneOP,the levels of blood urea nitrogen,creatine,MDA,CytC and the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1-β and IL-6were significantly decreased and SOD levels were significantly increased.ConclusionOzoneOP could relieve renal I/R injury of rats by improving antioxidation capability,cutting down cytokines contents and inhibiting the release of CytC from mitochondria.

Objective To investigate the influence of murine cytomegalovirus ( MCMV) infection on the expression of downstream differentiation related target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro and explore the molecular mechanism of fetal encephalodysplasia caused by CMV infection. Methods NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/c mouse and cultured in vitro. The NSCs infected by MCMV at a MOI (multiplicity of infection) of 5, 1 and 0.1, respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The dynamic expression of the downstream differentiation related target genes ( c-myc, cyclinD1, ngn-1 and ngn-2) of Wnt signal pathway in NSCs were measured by Western blot. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to measure the expression levels of the key differentiation genes ngn-1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs post infection. Results The protein levels of c-myc in the infected groups were significantly lower than that in the normal control at 0.5-5 d (P＜0.05) ; At 0. 5 d and 1 d post-infection (p. i. ) , the protein levels of cyclinDl in the infected groups were lower than that in the normal control (P＜0.05). At 2 d and 3 d p. i. , the cyclinD1 expression in the infected groups was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0. 05). However, at 4 d and 5 d p. i. , the cyclinD1 levels in the group of the MOI of 5 were lower than in other three groups (F＜0.05). The expression of ngn-1 protein in the infected groups was reduced importantly compared with normal control at 1 -5 d p. i. ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The expression of ngn-1 mRNA in the infected groups was lower than that in the control group at all time points (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression of ngn-2 protein decreased at first and then increased, which was opposite to the normal control. The peak of ngn-2 expression in groups of the MOT of 0.1 and 1 occurred later and were significantly lower than that in the normal control (P ＜0. 05). No distinct peak was seen in the group of the MOI of 5. At 1 d p. i. , the expression of ngn-2 of all infected groups was significantly lower than that in the normal control ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). At 2 d p. i. , the expression of in the group of the MOI of 5 was still lower (P ＜ 0.05). While at 3 d, 4 d and 5 d p. i. , the protein levels in all infected groups were higher than that in the normal control (P ＜ 0. 05). The protein expression of these genes increased following the increase of MOI. Conclusion MCMV inhibited the protein expression of c-myc and ngn-1 in differentiated NSCs, repressed the mRNA expression of ngn-1 and caused the perturbed expression of cyclinDl and ngn-2 in a MOI-dependent manner. These data suggest that inhibition of or interference with the protein expression of downstream differentiation related target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in NSCs by MCMV may be one of the important mechanisms, by which proliferation and differentiation of NSCs are inhibited and thus fetal brain is impaired after MCMV infection.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical results of peroneal tendon insertion and reconstruction with suture anchors in the treatment of avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal base.Methods Five patients (three males and two females) with the fifth metatarsal base fractures were in zone 1, with average seven days of duration before surgery. The result of radiological examination confirmed that all fractures were in zone 1 of the fifth metatarsal base, with some small, comminuted and obviously displaced pieces. After removal of the small comminuted fracture pieces, the peroneal tendon insertion was dissociated and sutured to the fifth metatarsal base by suture anchors (5 mm in diameter) with line. The feet were immobilized by plaster in the vagus position. The patients began to walk with weightbearing six weeks after operation. Results All patients were followed up for at least six months, which showed no deformity of the feet. The function of forefoot valgus and abduction restored to normal. There was no any loss in muscle force compared with the normal side. Conclusions Peroneal tendon insertion and reconstruction by suture anchors is very helpful to solve the problem in the fixation of the small fracture fragments. The function of the peroneal tendon recovers very well. The surgery has the advantages of easy manipulation and small area of dissection, without requirement of secondary surgery.

Objective To observe the effects of Triptolide on the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods A renal I/R model was established. Rats were randomly separated into the following experimental groups. Group 1, shamoperated control (n = 15) : rats were subjected to surgical manipulation, without the induction of renal ischemia. Group 2, I/R (n = 18): rats were subjected to left renal ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion. Group 3, TRI + I/R (n = 18): Before the I/R procedure (as in group 2), rats were intraperitoneally injected with TRI (0.4 mg/kg), once every day, three times. Rats were killed at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day after I/R injury. The parameters of renal function were determined by autobiochemical analyzer. The expression of TLR4 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results As comparedwith the sham-operated control group, serum BUN and Cr levels were significantly increased in the rats undergoing I/R procedure at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day (P＜0. 01). After the treatment with TRI, the levels of BUN and Cr and the expression of TLR4 in the renal tissues were significantly decreased (P＜0. 05). Conclusion TRI could relieve renal I/R injury in rats by inhibiting the TLR4 expression.