ObjectiveTo systematically assess the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion plus cognitive rehabilitation training in treating post-stroke cognitive disorder.MethodA computer searched CNKI, CBM, VIP, WANFANG DATA, and Pubmed and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture and moxibustion plus cognitive rehabilitation training for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive disorder. The reference literature in the included literature was also retrieved. Retrieval time limit for both of them was from Jan. 1st 1990 to Jan. 1st 2015. Two reviewers independently selected the trials, extracted the data and assessed the quality of methodology. Meta analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultEleven trials with a total of 789 subjectswere finally included. The results of Meta analysis showed that the following aspects were better in acupuncture plus cognitive rehabilitation training than in cognitive rehabilitation training or medication alone and there were statistically significant differences: the total efficacy rate [RR=1.58, 95%CI(1.10,2.26),P=0.01], the MMSE score [MD=2.64, 95%CI(1.78, 3.50),P<0.00001], P300 latency [MD=﹣18.46, 95%CI(﹣30.51,﹣6.41),P=0.003], P300 amplitude [MD=1.23, 95%CI(0.82, 1.63),P<0.00001] and activities of daily living (ADL) [SMD=0.52, 95% CI(0.31, 0.73),P<0.00001]. Based on the results of a systematical review, thequality of evidence was assessed using GRADE system recommended classification method. The results showed that the level of evidence was low and the strength of recommendations was weak.ConclusionThe results of Meta analysis showed that the therapeuticeffect was better in acupuncture and moxibustion plus cognitive rehabilitation training than in cognitive rehabilitation training or medication alone. Because of low quality of all the original literature, high-quality, multicenter and large-sample randomized blind controlled trials are still needed for validation.

The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves many factors, including environmental parameters, microorganisms, and the immune system. Although research on IBD continues to expand, the specific pathogenesis mechanism is still unclear. Protein modification refers to chemical modification after protein biosynthesis, also known as post-translational modification (PTM), which causes changes in the properties and functions of proteins. Since proteins can be modified in different ways, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, the functions of proteins in different modified states will also be different. Transitions between different states of protein or changes in modification sites can regulate protein properties and functions. Such modifications like neddylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, and acetylation can activate or inhibit various signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-‍κB (NF-‍κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT)) by changing the intestinal flora, regulating immune cells, modulating the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-‍‍1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF‍-‍α), and interferon-‍γ (IFN-‍γ), and ultimately leading to the maintenance of the stability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of PTM and describe its regulatory role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Cytokines/genetics* ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*