Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of fluoride agents in prevention of caries in preschool 4 to 5 years old children.Methods 700 kindergartens 4 -5 years old children were selected to conduct prevention study with the agree of guardian.The children were randomly divided into observation group and control group. 350 preschool children in the control group received regular oral health measures and fluoride foam treatment every six months.350 preschool children in the observation group received fluoride products every six months on the basis of the control group.After two years study,the deciduous caries and caries rate of the two groups were analyzed.Results After prevention of dental caries 24 months,the prevalence of dental caries and caries of deciduous teeth surface in the observation group significantly reduced,and were significantly lower than the control group ( observation group:caries prevalence 11.3%,caries mean 0.85;control group:caries prevalence 36.1%,caries mean 1.77),the deciduous caries rate and the number of surface caries between the two groups had statistically significant differences (χ2 =4.339 1,3.016 8,all P<0.05).Conclusion Child deciduous dental caries in China is still at a relatively high inci-dence of disease,regular use of fluoride foam and fluoride products namely fluor protector can significantly prevent dental caries,oral health measures than on a regular basis is more effective,and significantly reduce deciduous caries among children,protection of children's oral health,and it is worth further clinical application.

Objective· To identify the effect and potential mechanism of gambogic acid (GA) on natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL) cell lines.Methods · SNK-1,SNK-6 and SNT-8 were incubated with various concentrations of GA for 24 h,and cell viability was detected with CCK-8 assay.Cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay.Levels of proteins regulating cell apoptosis and phosphorylation levels of proteins in key signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting.Results · GA showed a potent effect on reduction of cell viability of NK/fCL cell lines in CCK-8 assay.GA increased the percentages of Annexin V positive cells and induced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9,cleavage of PARP as well as the reduction of Bcl-xl.GA also inhibited the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 in SNK-1 and SNT-8,and ERK1/2 in SNK-1 and SNK-6 significantly.Conclusion· GA induces cell apoptosis in NK/TCL cell lines SNK-1,SNK-6 and SNT-8.Anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-xl and signaling pathway JAKs/STATs and MEK/MAPK might be involved in this process.

Objective To identify the expression of transcription factor Sp1 in NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL) cell lines and to investigate the role of Sp1 in regulation of cell invasion. Methods Real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of Sp1 in NK/TCL cell lines SNK-1 and SNK-6 and normal NK cells. Expression levels of IGF-1R and MMP-2 were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Transwell assay was applied to observe the effects of mythramycin A(MIT) on cell invasion. Results Sp1 expression in mRNA and protein were over-expression in NK/TCL cell lines SNK-1 and SNK-6 when compared with normal NK cells. Inhibition of Sp1 by MIT remarkably reduced expression of IGF-1R and MMP-2 in SNK-1, SNK-6 and as a result, or significantly suppressed cell invasion. Expression levels of Sp1 mRNA in SNK-1 and SNK-6 were (9.4±0.3) and (10.6±0.3) foldsincrease as compared with that of control group, respectively (P=0.005 2, P=0.003 7). Levels of Sp1 protein were (5.4±0.3) and (8.6±0.5) foldsincrease times than control groups, respectively (P=0.008 3, P=0.006 9). Inhibition of Sp1 by MIT (100 nmol/L) remarkably reduced expression levels of IGF-1R mRNA by (83.9±3.7) % and (65.8±4.2) % (P = 0.008 2, P = 0.009 7) as compared with controls. Meanwhile, levels of IGF-1R protein were reduced by (51.5±7.1) % and (49.6±9.1) % (P = 0.017 8, P = 0.015 5) as compared with control group. Inhibition of Sp1 by MIT (100 nmol/L) significantly reduced cell invasion and MMP-2 expression in the two cell lines,the cell invasion rates were reduced by (29.6±6.4) % and (37.2±7.6) % (P =0.041 8, P = 0.037 2) in SNK-1 and SNK-6 as compared with control group. The MMP-2 protein levels were found to be (52.7±4.7) % and (29.7±5.6) % (P = 0.028 6, P = 0.020 2) of control group. Conclusion Sp1 is over-expressed in NK/TCL cell lines, and it promotes NK/TCL cell invasion by up-regulating IGF-1R and further increasing MMP-2 expression.

Objective: To observe the effects of Na⁺ /H⁺ exchanger 1 (NHE1) inhibitor on intestinal injury of rats with burn sepsis, and to explore the possible mechanism preliminarily. Methods: Ninety SD rats were divided into control group, pure sepsis group, and NHE1 inhibitor group according to the random number table, with 30 rats in each group. Full-thickness scald (hereinafter referred to as burn) model with 20% total body surface area were reproduced on the back of rats in pure sepsis and NHE1 inhibitor groups, and then 50 μL liquid of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (2×10⁵ colony forming unit/mL) were injected into the center of wounds on the back. Rats in NHE1 inhibitor group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mmol/L NHE1 inhibitor cariporide (0.4 mg/kg) rapidly after the successful establishment of burn sepsis model, while rats in pure sepsis group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. Except for not being made burn wounds nor receiving bacterination, rats in control group were treated the same as those in pure sepsis group. Rats with burn sepsis in each group were laparotomized and injected with 200 mL fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran in the concentration of 0.1 mol/L in terminal ileum at 12 hours post injury, and their left ventricular blood and terminal ileum were collected 30 minutes later. The serum content of FITC-dextran was detected with fluorescence spectrophotometer (n=10); the morphology of intestinal tissue was observed with HE staining (n=10); the content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum and intestinal tissue was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n=20); the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum and intestinal tissue was detected with colorimetric method (n=20); the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B-p65 (NF-κB-p65) and phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway related proteins p38MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) were determined by Western blotting (n=4). The same samples of rats in control group were collected for related detection at the same time point as above. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and SNK test. Results: (1) The serum content of FITC-dextran of rats in pure sepsis group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01), while the serum content of FITC-dextran of rats in NHE1 inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in pure sepsis group (P<0.01). Compared with that in control group, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, ulcer and necrosis of intestinal mucosa of rats in pure sepsis group were observed. The injury condition of intestine of rats in NHE1 inhibitor group was better than that in pure sepsis group. (2) The serum content of IL-6, TNF-α, and MPO of rats in pure sepsis group was (387±42) and (164.7±10.1) ng/mL, and (7.5±1.5) U/mL, respectively, significantly higher than that in control group [(75±17) and (13.1±6.5) ng/mL, and (2.3±0.7) U/mL, respectively, with P values below 0.01]. The serum content of IL-6, TNF-α, and MPO of rats in NHE1 inhibitor group was (176±37) and (64.9±9.3) ng/mL, and (5.9±0.8) U/mL, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in pure sepsis group (with P values below 0.01). (3) The content of IL-6, TNF-α, and MPO in intestinal tissue of rats in pure sepsis group was (190±13) and (172.8±29.7) ng/mL, and (8.7±1.5) U/mL, respectively, significantly higher than that in control group [respectively (20±3) and (11.9±2.3) ng/mL, and (2.9±0.3) U/mL, with P values below 0.01]. The content of IL-6, TNF-α, and MPO of intestinal tissue of rats in NHE1 inhibitor group was (35±6) and (45.2±6.1) ng/mL, and (5.3±0.6) U/mL, respectively, significantly lower than that in pure sepsis group (with P values below 0.01). (4) The protein expression of NF-κB-p65 and phosphorylation levels of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 in intestinal tissue of rats in pure sepsis group were significantly higher than those in control group (with P values below 0.01); the protein expression of NF-κB-p65 and the phosphorylation level of p38MAPK in intestinal tissue of rats in NHE1 inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in pure sepsis group (with P values below 0.01); phosphorylation levels of JNK1/2 in intestinal tissue of rats in the three groups were similar (with P values above 0.05). Conclusions The inhibition of NHE1 can significantly alleviate the intestinal injury, and the mechanisms may be attributed to the regulation of NF-κB and p38MAPK signal pathway, resulting in inhibition of the inflammatory response of intestinal tract.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel is a kind of pluripotent cels with self-replication ability, which can differentiate into various cels under certain conditions. Furthermore, stem cels are rich in a variety of growth factors, which can induce the generation of vessels and nerves, and improve the blood supply of lower limbs, thereby achieving the treatment and preventions of lower limb ischemia OBJECTIVE:To summarize and compare the recent achievements in the theory and therapeutic efficacy of stem cels from different sources in the treatment of diabetic foot. METHODS:The first and second authors retrieved PubMed, Sciencedirect and Medline databases for relevant articles published from January 2000 to January 2015. The key words were “diabetic foot, pathogenesis, stem cel therapy” in English. Initialy, 186 articles were retrieved, and finaly 44 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stem cels can be a new choice for the treatment of diabetic foot. After stem cel therapy, corresponding symptoms have been aleviated, including the generation of new blood vessels and the reshaping of the colateral vessels, the improvement of motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve reflex, the improvement of the sense of skin pain and temperature, and pain relief. It is stil unclear whether alogeneic stem cels are safe or not, but autologous stem cels, especialy bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, can be better able to repair damaged vessels and nerves and restore the microcirculation of blood supply. Currently, we need to do more basic and clinical researches to solve the folowing problems: to confirm the effectiveness and safety of stem cel therapy for diabetic foot; to identify whether there is a difference in the differentiation and secretory activity between stem cels in diabetic patients and ordinary people; to give ful play to the treatment of diabetic foot.

Objective: To summarize the experience of respiratory tract management in a case of spinal muscular atrophy with neuromuscular scoliosis. Methods: Respiratory tract nursing included prevention of pulmonary infection, inspiratory muscle training, rebuilding respiratory form before surgery, and assessment of sputum expectoration capacity, pain management, airway management after surgery. Results: The patient was discharged without pulmonary complications. Conclusions For patient with breathing problem, respiratory tract management can prevent pulmonary complications during perioperative period.

Objective:To explore the effects of family-centered educational intervention on disease cognition and quality of life in patients undergoing surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) .Methods:A total of 122 patients diagnosed with AIS at the Ward Department of Orthopedics in a ClassⅢ Garde A hospital in Beijing from September 2015 to December 2018 were selected by convenient sampling, and divided into the control group ( n=62) and the observation group ( n=60) according to the admission time. Patients in the control group received routine health education, while patients in the observation group received family-centered educational intervention on this basis. The self-designed disease knowledge questionnaire and the Chinese version of Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Questionnaire (SRS-22) were used to evaluate the disease knowledge and quality of life in the two groups of patients upon admission, 3 months and 6 months after discharge. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of disease knowledge between the two groups upon admission, 3 months and 6 months after discharge ( P>0.05) . Repeated measures analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference in the interaction effect and between-group effect of the two groups' scores at 3 the time points ( P>0.05) , whereas the difference in the time effect was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Three months after discharge, the total score of SRS-22 in the control group was (4.14±0.36) , while that in the observation group was (4.32±0.30) , and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.964; P<0.05) . Conclusions:Family-centered educational intervention can appropriately improve the quality of life in patients with AIS and help them recover from illness.

Objective:To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of paralytic ileus (PI) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), so as to provide references and basis for the formulation of clinical nursing intervention measures.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 93 AIS patients who were hospitalized in Spine Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects. The general information, disease and operation related information of patients were collected, and the incidence of PI was recorded. Binomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PI occurrence in AIS patients after surgery.Results:PI occurred in 41.9% (39/93) patients, and the incidence of anorexia, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain were 66.7% (26/39), 61.5% (24/39), 59.0% (23/39), 30.8% (12/39) and 20.5% (8/39), respectively. Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that straight leg elevation exercise ( OR=3.582, P=0.023), postoperative first feeding time ( OR=1.209, P=0.027), proton pump inhibitors ( OR=6.820, P=0.002) and osteotomy ( OR=5.516, P=0.007) were the influencing factors of PI occurrence after AIS. Conclusions:The incidence of PI is higher in AIS patients after surgery and the accompanying symptoms are mainly anorexia, abdominal distension and nausea. Straight leg elevation exercise, time of first postoperative feeding, proton pump inhibitors and osteotomy are the influencing factors of postoperative PI in AIS patients.

Objective:To explore the application effect of family-centered health education on parents of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:From September 2015 to December 2018, parents of patients who were diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the Department of Orthopedics of a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Beijing were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method. According to the order of admission time, they were divided into the control group with 71 cases and the observation group with 67 cases. Parents in the control group were given routine health education while parents in the observation group were given family-centered health education on basis of the control group. The Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Family Management Measure Scale were used to assess anxiety status and disease management abilities of parents, respectively.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in anxiety level of parents between the two groups ( P> 0.05) . At 3 and 6 months after discharge, the scores of parental disease management ability in the observation group were (45.89±4.18) and (41.84±3.02) , which were higher than (42.43±5.28) and (40.25±4.20) in the control group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The scores of parental disease management difficulties in the observation group were (28.20±4.71) and (32.98±6.16) , which were lower than (33.75±6.42) and (36.97±5.60) of the control group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Family-centered health education can improve parental disease management abilities of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after discharge, which is worthy of clinical reference and application.

Objective: To identify the expression pattern of TIM-3 in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL) cell lines, and to investigate the effect and mechanism of its ligand galectin-9 (GAL-9) inducing apoptosis of NK/TCL cell lines. Methods: Expression of TIM-3 in NK cell of peripheral blood from healthy donors and NK/TCL cell lines (SNK-1、SNK-6、SNT-8) was detected by Western blotting. After being treated with rhGAL-9 at various concentrations for 24h, the cell proliferation ability was analyzed with CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis ratio of the cells was determined by flow cytometry. Expressions of caspase-3, PARP and their cleavages were detected by Western blotting; moreover, phosphorylation levels of proteins in MAPK signaling pathway were also detected by Western blotting. Results: The expression of TIM-3 in SNK-1, SNK-6 and SNT-8 cell lines was significantly higher than that of NK cells from healthy donors (P<0.05). CCK-8 result showed that rhGAL-9 obviously inhibited the proliferation of NK/TCL cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that rhGAL-9 induced the apoptosis of NK/TCLcells; and Western blotting proved that the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, and p-JNK in MAPK signaling pathway were significantly elevated. Conclusion: TIM-3 was over-expressed in NK/TCL cell lines, and its ligand galectin-9 induced cell apoptosis probably through the activation of JNK kinase pathways.