Anticoagulation, which has been used in clinical practice since 1940's, is one of the important measures in the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. This article reviews the progress in anticoagulation for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases by introducing a series of large, important, international, randomized controlled clinical trials in the past 20 years (particularly in the recent 10 years).

The changes of skeletal muscle mitochondral monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rats fed with low Se grains from a Keshan-disease area were observed. The rats were killed at the time for feeding 30, 60 and 90 days respectiely. The mitochondrium of skeletal muscle was isolated MAO activity was determined with fluorescent methed. The results showed that in low-Se group the mitochondrial MAO activity was significantly decreased only at the time for 90 days feeding however GSH-px activity in red blood cells and Se content in plasma were significantly decreased at all experimental period as compared to Se-supplemented or stock died group.

非经典信号通路IKKε和TBK1与恶性肿瘤密切相关，多种因素激活IKKε和TBK1通路，可引起NF-κB途径的激活， 导致肿瘤细胞的凋亡减少、细胞周期加快，促进肿瘤发生和发展。抑制IKKε和TBK1信号通路，可增加多种细胞凋亡因子的表 达，抑制肿瘤细胞增殖，促进肿瘤细胞凋亡，同时提高化疗和放疗的敏感性。因此，阻断IKKε和TBK1信号通路可有效治疗恶性 肿瘤，已有的实验证实有多种阻断IKKε和TBK1通路的药物均具有良好的抗肿瘤作用。

Objective To evaluate the apparant diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of cerebellar and the middle cerebellar peduncles in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods Conventional MRI and DWI were performed in 18 clinically proved MSA patients with 7 cases of early cases (early-stage MSA group), 19 PD patients (PD group) and 18 agematched normal controls (the control group). DWI was performed using a single shot-spin echo-echo planar imaging sequences, and ADC values were measured in the ROIs (0. 16 cm2) of the bilateral cerebellum, the middle cerebellar peduncles and cerebral white matter. Then one way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Results Of the 18 MSA patients, 11 had MR abnormalities, 8 had hot-cross bun sign in the pens on T2-weighted images, 11 patients had pontine, cerebellar and medulla oblongata atrophy, 10 patients had atrophy of the middle cerebellar peduncles, 2 patients had hyperintense rim of the putamen and putaminal atrophy on T2-weighted images. The ADC values in the middle cerebellar peduncles were significantly increased in the MSA group[ (0. 98 ±0. 07) × 103 mm2/s] and early-stnge MSA group [ (0. 95 ±0. 05) ×103 mm2/s] as compared to PD group [ (0. 77 ±0. 04) × 103 mm2/s] and control group[ (0. 78 ±0. 04) ×103 mm2/s]. There was statistical significant difference among them (F = 91.049,55. 301, P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no overlap in the distribution of ADC values of the middle cerebellar peduncles among the MSA group [ (0.86-1.13 ) × 103 mm2/s ], early-stage MSA group [ (0. 86-1.02 ) × 103 mm2/s ] and PD group [ (0. 68-0. 84) × 103 mm2/s] and the control group [ (0. 69-0. 82) × 103 mm2/s]. The ADC values in the cerebellum were significantly increased in the MSA group[ (0. 95 ±0. 09) × 103 mm2/s] and early-stage MSA group [ (0. 92 ±0. 07) × 103 mm2/s] as compared to PD group [ (0. 78 ±0. 05) × 103 mm2/s] and control group[ (0. 79 ± 0. 05 ) × 103 mm2/s ]. Statistically significant difference was found among them (F =39. 274,18. 623 ,P ＜0. 01 ). There was overlap in the distribution of ADC values of the cerebellum [ MSAgroup(0. 80-1.10) × 103 mm2/s,early stage MSA group (0. 80-0. 99) × 103 mm2/s,PD group(0. 72-0. 90) × 103 mm2/s,control group (0. 71-0. 87) × 103 mm2/s]. There was no significant difference among the ADC values of MSA group, MSA group(early stages) and PD group and the control group in the cerebral white matter( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions ADC values in the cerebellum and the middle cerebellar peduncles have very important significance in differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.

Objective To explore correlation between alexithymia and resilience in military personnel.Methods 2802 subjects were chosen by random cluster sampling to outline the military personnel resilience scale and military alexithymia scale.The data were analyzed by t-test,chi-square test,ANOVA,correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions analysis.Results The prevalence rate of alexithymia was 6.85％,while resilience was 6.60％.Compared to sea force (45.62 ± 11.25 ) and air force (45.32 ± 9.98 ) subjects,land force (47.92 ± 9.92)had significantly higher total score in alexithymia(P＜ 0.05 ).Compared to sea force (87.35 ± 12.15 ) and air force ( 88.58 ± 10.39 ) subjects,land force ( 85.73 ± 10.70) had significantly lower total score in resilience(P ＜ 0.05 ).The total score and every factor score of subjects with alexithymia were significant lower than those of control group in resilience(P ＜ 0.05 ).Every factor of Resilience Scale were mild negative correlation with every factor of Alexithymia Scale (P＜0.01).Problem solving,volition,optimism and family supports were the main factors which had affected on the alexithymia.Conclusion The prevalence rate of alexithymia in military personnel is lower than ordinary people,but there are still issues in alexithymia and resilience,particularly in land force.The research show mild correlation between alexithymia and resilience in military personnel.

Objective To study the relationship between polymorphisms of NQO1 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Zhengzhou and Guilin area.Methods The Zhengzhou group was a hospital-based case-control study which included 146 cases of HCC and 151 cases of controls with nontumor seen in the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou.The Guilin group was a hospital-based case-control study which included 136 cases of HCC and 123 cases of controls with non-tumor seen in the Guilin Medical University Hospital.NQO1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain restriction with TaqMan MGB probe.All data were analyzed by conditional logistic multiple factor regression analysis with SPSS 18.0 statistical package.Results The frequency with mutation allele (T) in the case group was significantly different between the Zhengzhou and Guilin groups (x2=23.307,P＜ 0.05).The odds risk of NQO1 mutation homozygote and mutation heterozygote to wild homozygote were significantly increased (OR=2.476,CI:1.518～4.038).Conclusions NQO1 mutation genotype is the predisposing gene with relatively different susceptibility to the development of HCC in the Zhengzhou and Guilin regions.There are synergistic effects between the NQO1 predisposing genotype,drinking and smoking.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis of value 99mTc-MIBI SPECT and CT fusion imaging in the differential solitary pulmonary nodule ( SPN). Methods Thirty-nine patients with SPN underwent 99mTc-MIBI-SPECT and positioning CT fusion imaging, and the imaging results carried on the qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis. The diagnostic value of the imaging method for SPN was judged according to the results of the final diagnosis. Results Of 39 cases with SPN, 13 cases were malignant and 26 cases were benign. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of 99mTc-MIBI-SPECT positioning CT fusion imaging qualitative analysis in benign and malignant SPN was 92.31%(12/13),88.46%(23/26),89.74%(35/39),80% (12/15) and 95.83% (23/24),respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed:using 99mTc-MIBI early uptake ratio (EUR) ≥1.474 as the critical value for identification the benign and malignant SPN, the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 76.90%, respectively;using 99mTc-MIBI delayed uptake ratio (DUR) ≥ 1.38 as the critical value, the sensitivity and specificity was 100%and 76.90%. Conclusion The method of 99mTc-MIBI-SPECT and positioning CT fusion imaging has a high clinical value in the differential diagnosis of SPN.

Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on low-Se diet frow Keshan disease area, Se-supplemented diet and stock diet respectively, for observing the effect of Se on mitochoadrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in myocardia. The results showed that cardiac mitochondrial MAO activities in the Se-deficient group were significantly decreased as compared to both the Se-supplemented and stock diet group, and Se content in plasma and GSH-Px activity in. red blood cells also were significantly reduced at 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. In Se-supplemented group MAO and GSH-Px activities as well as Se content were comparable to levels in the stock diet group.

Objective To investigate the effect of gastric filling degree on the thickness of advanced gastric carcinoma and the clinical value of the thickness measured by CT.Methods Totally 38 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were enrolled and 21 patients were newly diagnosed,17 patients were reexamination after non surgical treatments.The stomach cavity was filled with oral gas-producing powder.The plain scanning (before filling) and enhanced scanning in venous phase (after filling) were performed.The thickness of the normal gastric wall and gastric carcinoma before and after filling were measured on axial images,and the differences were compared.The patients were measured again one month later by the same investigator,and the consistency between the twice measurements was evaluated.Results Before and after filling,the normal gastric wall thickness of each regions was significantly different (all P＜0.001),and the change was greatest at the region of greater curvature.Carcinoma thickness was similar in newly diagnosed patients (P＜0.05),but significantly different in patients for reexamination (P＜0.05).The twice measurements had a good consistency.Conclusion The thickness of gastric carcinoma can be considered as a baseline measurement indicator in newly diagnosed patients.It is critical to maintaining a similar gastric filling degree during reexamination,which is helpful to evaluate the efficacy of treatment accurately.

Objective To determine the likelihood of G-protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56 ) induces axonal development and myelination in the corpus callosum of mouse brain.Methods A total of 64 Gpr56 +/-and Gpr56 -/-mice were selected and randomly divided into two groups:Gpr56 +/-group (n=32)and Gpr56 -/-group (n=32).According to number of days after birth,each group was further divided into 4 subgroups including P7d,P14d,P21d and P28d subgroups.Levels of neurofilament-200 (NF -200)and proteolipid protein (PLP ) of myelin basic protein in corpus callosum were measured with immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot in P7d、P14d、P21d、P28d Gpr56 +/- and Gpr56 -/-mice.Gpr56 +/-and Gpr56 -/-neurons were cultured using P1 d Gpr56 +/-and Gpr56 -/-mouse brain.The lengths of Gpr56 +/- and Gpr56 -/-neuronal axon were measured and compared with Image J software. Axonal myelination in the corpus callosum of mouse brain in each group was observed under electronic microscopy and the axonal diameters between subgroups were compared.Results The levels of NF-200 and PLP in the corpus callosum in P7d、P14d、P21d、P28d Gpr56 -/-mice decreased significantly compared with Gpr56 +/- mice.The length of Gpr56 -/-neuronal axon was shortened compared with Gpr56 +/-neuronal axon.The number of myelinated axons was obviously reduced in the corpus callosum in P28d Gpr56 -/-mice.The diameter of axon in the corpus callosum of P28d Gpr56 +/-mouse is longer than that of P28d Gpr56 -/-mouse. Conclusions GPR56 may be involved in axonal development and myelination in the corpus callosum of mouse brain.