Child ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Recurrence

Child ; Codon, Nonsense ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Dent Disease ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation ; Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

AIM To explore effects of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor breviscapine on protein expression of c fos?c jun and collagen Ⅳ(C Ⅳ) production in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) cultured under high glucose conditions. METHODS Rat GMCs were cultured under normal glucose, high glucose or high glucose and breviscapine. After 24 h, 48 h or 1 wk, protein expression of c fos?c jun, C Ⅳ and PKC activity were measured. RESULTS Increased protein expression of c fos?c jun, C Ⅳ and PKC activity were observed under high glucose compared to normal glucose. All the above mentioned effects of high glucose were inhibited completely or partly by breviscapine. CONCLUSION High glucose may increase protein expression of c fos?c jun and C Ⅳ production mediated by PKC activation in cultured GMCs. PKC inhibitor breviscapine may ameliorate these abnormalities efficiently.

Objective To investigate the effect of independent on duty assessment in the process of new nurse standardized training.Methods Totally 64 new nurses graduated in 2010 were set as the control group.Totally 68 new nurses graduated in 2011 were named as the observation group.The nurses in the control group received hospital standardized training,on the basis of the hospital standardized training,the observation group received independent on duty training.One year later,all nurses participate in the assessment of independent on duty organized by nursing department and the evaluation results were analyzed.Results The score of emergency response capacity of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusions The implementation of the independent on duty assessment can strengthen the results of standardized training and promote emergency ability of new nurses,and effectively improve the ability of new nurses in clinical work.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and its relation to serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver.Methods Serum levels of TC,TG, TSH,TT_3 and TT_4 were determined in 1 602 subjects which were divided into groups by sex and age (20-39,40- 59 and≥60 years).Fatty liver was diagnosed by type B ultrasonography.Restults ( 1 ) Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.6% in this population.(2) The mean levels of serum TC and TG in subclinical hypothyroidism group and normal group showed no significant difference ( both P＞0.05 ).(3) On the whole,the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypercholesterolemia group and normal cholesterolemia group showed significant difference (P＜0.01 ).(4) In the three age groups of male and few.ale examinees,the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypercholesterulemla group and normal cholesterolemia group showed no significant difference ( all P＞0.05 ).In the multiple regression analysis,TSH level was not related with raised TC level.(5) In the three age groups of male,there was no significant difference between the prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism in hypertriglyceridemla group and normal triglyceridemia group ( all P＞0.05 ).In female,expect for the elderly group (＞60 years old ),the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was higher in hypertriglyceridemia group than that in normal triglyceridemia.However,in the multiple regression analysis, increased TSH level was positively associated with increased serum TG level ( OR = 1.072,P=0.013 and OR = 1.102,P = 0.03 ).(6) The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in non-alcobolic fatty liver group and normal group showed no significant difference ( P＞0.05 ).In the multiple regression analysis,TSH level was not the independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver (P＞0.05 ).Conclusion Subclinical hypothyroidism is not asseciated with serum TC level but positively associated with serum TG level.Subclinical hypothyroidism does not apparently increase the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to improve students' ability in practical and theoretical courses of oral health education and to promote students' learning interest and initiative.

METHODSFourth-year students of the oral medical profession from 2006 to 2008 at Weifang Medical University were chosen as research objects for oral health education to explore the experimental teaching reform. The students were divided into test and control groups, with the test group using the "speak out" way of teaching and the control group using the traditional teaching method. Results of after-class evaluation of the test group, as well as final examination and practice examination of the two groups, were analyzed and compared.

RESULTSAfter-class evaluation results of the test group showed that the "speak out" teaching method was recognized by the students and improved students' ability to understand oral health education. The final examination and practice examination results showed that the score of the test group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION"Speak out" teaching methods can improve students' ability for oral health education, in accordance with the trend of teaching reform.

.This study is to investigate the analgesic effect produced by intrathecal injection (ith) of oxysophoridine (OSR) and the mechanism of GABAA receptor. Warm water tail-flick test was used to detect the analgesic effect of OSR (12.5, 6.25, and 3.13 mg.kg-1 ith) and to observe the influence of GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) agonist or antagonist on the analgesic effect of OSR in mice. Immunohistochemistry method were used to detect the influence of OSR (12.5 mg.kg-1, ith) on the GABAARalpha1 protein expression in spinal cord. The results obtained covers that OSR (12.5 and 6.25 mg.kg-, ith) alleviates pain significantly with the warm water tail-flick test (P<0.05, P<0.01), the rate of pain threshold increases by 68.45%; GABA and muscimol (MUS) produces analgesic synergism together with the OSR, picrotoxin (PTX) and bicuculline (BIC) antagonize the analgesic effect of OSR; OSR (12.5 mg.kg-1, ith) significantly increase the positive number of GABAARalpha1 nerve cell in spinal cord (P<0.01) and significantly decrease the average grey levels (P<0.01). In conclusion, OSR intrathecal injection has significant analgesic effect. And GABAA receptor in spinal cord is involved in the analgesic mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effects of multiple doses of propefol on long-term cognitive function in neonatal rats.Methods Twenty-four 7-day old SD rats weighing 12-16 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ control(C)received intraperitoneal(IP)normal saline(NS)7.5 ml/kg once a day × 7 days:groupⅡ propofol 1(P1)received NS 7.5 ml/kg IP once a day×6 days+propofol 75 mg/kg IP on the 7 th day and group Ⅲ propofol 2(P2)received propefol 75 mg/kg IP once a day × 7 days.Learning and memory function were assessed using Morris water maze when the rats were 4 weeks old.The animals were decapitated immediately after the tests.The cortex and hippocampus were isolated for determination of aspartate (Asp),glutamic acid(Glu),glycine(Gly)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)contents using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results Long-term learning and memory function significantly declined in group P2 as compared with group C and P1.The content of Asp in hippocampus and the Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio in cortex and hippocampus were significantly lower in group P2 than in group C and P1.There was no significant difference in Gly and GABA content in cortex and hippocampus among the 3 groups.Conclusion Multiple doses of propefol decreases long-term cognitive function by decreasing the levels of excitatory amino acid transmitters in the brain in neonatal rats.

An analysis of the medical risks exposure for resident doctors in their standardized training,and insights into the risk management measures proposed for this stage.These measures include:1) Pre-control of risks;2) Full-length supervisor of such training stage;3) Systematic education for medical risk exposure;4) Timely guidance on risk identification and response;5) Development of the evidence awareness.

Objective To explore role of functional neck dissection for lower collar-shaped incision at hair margin behind ear in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods The clinical data of 11 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma who underwent func-tional neck dissection for lower collar-shaped incision at hair margin behind ear were retrospectively analyzed. Results The incisions of all patients were unseen in daily life and patients were satisfied with the postoperative appearances. No case of shoulder syndrome,postoperative local recurrence and distant metastasis was observed. Conclusion Functional neck dissection for lower collar-shaped incision at hair margin behind ear is effective in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Meanwhile it can obviously improve patients’ postoperative appearance and life quality,therefore it is worth clinical application.