OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Through literature retrieval, the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in peri-anesthesia period are summarized. It is found out that TEAS can reduce anesthetics consumption, relieve stress reaction of surgery, stabilize patients' hemodynamics, reduce surgical complication and improve immune function and quality of recovery; besides, it has protective function on heart, brain, liver, stomach, intestines and so on. However, except certain analgesic effect, the sham TEAS and transcutaneous electrial nerve stimulation do not have other functions of TEAS. The acupoint selection and stimulation parameter of TEAS in assisting anesthesia are still needed be improved and united.
Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Objective To explore the CT perfusion imaging with acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge test in the diagnosis of chronic cerebral insufficiency.Methods 100 patients undergoing health examination in our hospital from Aug 2009 to Feb 2011 were chosen,52 patients diagnosed as chronic cerebral insufficiency were defined as the case group,and the remaining 48 cases of healthy elderly people were defined as the control group.The brain CT perfusion imaging with acetazolamide challenge test,and the cerebral blood flow (CBF),cerebral blood volume (CBV),mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak (TTP) in anterior cerebral artery (ACA),middle cerebral artery (MCA)cortical branch supply area,MCA deep perforator region,posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and pons part blood supply area were examined in the elderly people of two groups.Results CBV and CBF values in ACA,MCA cortical branch supplyarea,MCA deep perforator region,PCA and pons part blood supply area after ACZ stimulation were significantly lower in case group than the control group (t=3.57,3.39,9.34,11.04,4.21,5.99,9.91,11.10,6.66,9.97,P＜0.01 or 0.001),while MTT and TTP values were significantly higher in case group than in the control group (t =7.21,6.94,16.53,4.82,11.67,6.46,6.11,6.71,6.87,4.82,all P＜ 0.001),CBV and CBF values in the control group were significantly higher after ACZ excitation than before the challenge (t=6.44,6.86,9.72,10.99,7.03,6.33,12.48,14.82,8.98,12.03,all P＜0.001),and the MTT and TTP values in the control group were significantly lower after ACZ excitation than before the challenge (t=7.98,5.77,17.29,8.28,9.74,7.01,7.52,6.32,6.01,5.54,all P＜0.001).Conclusions CT perfusion imaging with acetazolamide challenge test can increase the detection rate of chronic cerebral insufficiency with better clinical significance,and is worthy of promotion.

Objective　To study the visual electrophyological changes in　patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome(PIH).Methods　The visual evoked potentials (VEP) and electroretinogram (ERG) of 28 patients with PIH in 56 eyes were recorded.Results　The patients with PIH had pathologic visual electrophysiologic abnormalities. The VEP N75 peak latency significantly increased(P<0.05), and the ERG b wave latency in patients with PIH showed remarkable difference(P<0.05).Conclusion　Visual electrophysiological examination may be valuable in early diagnosis of retinal disfunction in patients with PIH.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.It likely represents hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD has been estimated to be 20％-30％ in the general population. However, it is much higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Several epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease( CVD), which is independent of underlying cardiometabolic risk factors. This suggests that NAFLD may also be actively involved in the pathogenesis. The possible molecular mediators linking NAFLD and atherosclerosis(AS) include the release of pro-atherogenic factors by oxidative stress and inflammation as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia, abnormal adipose factors, and insulin resistance, finally aggravating progression of CVD. In this article, the relationship and possible mechanisms between NAFLD and AS are reviewed.

ObjectiveTo observe the curative effect of finasteride combined with terazosin on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods53 elderly patients with BPH continuously received finasteride (5 mg daily) and terazosin (2 mg daily) in our hospital from June 2002 to December 2010.The rating of international prostate symtom score (IPSS),nocturia,prostate volume and bladder residual urine were recorded before and 2 and 5 years after treatment.ResultsThe IPSS,nocturia,prostate volume,and bladder residual urine were better after treatment than before treatment (P＜ 0.05).The rating of IPSS,nocturia and prostate volume after 5 years of treatment also improved than after 2 years treatment (P＜0.05),but there was no difference in bladder residual urine between 5 years and 2 years of treatment.ConclusionsLong-term use finasteride combined with terazosin for treatment of BPH is effective with little side effects.