This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Objective To explore the application value of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis B PreS1 antigen and antibody in the diagnosis of hepatitis B.MethodsSeveral common patterns in the results of hepatitis Btwo halfcheck were selected from August 2014 to August 2016 for the sample, the use of hepatitis Btwo half7 commonly used detection model for 140 cases of PreS1 antigen, antibody detection.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of PreS1 antigen and antibody.ResultsIn patients with HBeAg in PreS1 antigen positive rate was 87.5%, in patients with positive PreS1 antigen positive rate was 8.6%, HBsAg, HBcAb in patients with positive PreS1 antigen positive 13.3%, in a pure HBsAg in patients with positive PreS1 antigen 4.3%.There was no significant difference in the total positive rate of HBV-DNA and the total positive rate of PreS1, and the total coincidence rate was higher.PreS1 antigen positive correlated with HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb positive(P<0.05), and has nothing to do with HBsAb, HBeAb positive.ConclusionHepatitis B PreS1 antigen and antibody detection, can effectively complement the diagnosis of hepatitis B, early detection of hepatitis B infection.

Objective To study the application effectiveness of standard operating procedure (SOP) video in management of minimally invasive device cleaning.Methods Standard management began to be implemented in a hospital since January 2015, training was mainly conducted with video-based SOP lecture, defect rate of devices, qualified rate of sterilization package, and satisfaction of surgical staff before (in 2014) and after (in 2015) implementing SOP were compared, management efficacy was evaluated.Results After the implementation of SOP, device defect rate reduced from 6.19％ before the implementation to 0.99％, qualified rate of sterilization package increased from 90.03％ to 98.34％, satisfaction of surgical staff increased from 80.00％ to 97.78％, differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of SOP management can effectively improve the cleaning quality of surgical devices, reduce defect rate of devices, and improve the learning effect of staff, which is worth to be popularized and applied in clinical practice.

Eligible 112 children aged 4-12 years old were recruited and assigned to 2 groups with block random design.For the first treatment session,the subjects in group 1 received computer-controlled anaesthesia(CCA) with autiovisual distraction of video-eyewear system(ADVS) intervention based on the routine therapy,those group 2 received only CCA and routine therapy.For the second session,a crossover of intervention methods were conducted for the 2 groups.Before and after each session,pain intensity and dental anxiety of each group were evaluated.Results showed that the group receiving CCA-ADVS presented significantly lower pain intensity and dental anxiety than the group receiving CCA only(P＜0.05).Evident differences were detected in the assessment outcomes in each treatment session (P＜0.0001).The combination of CCA and ADVS can effectively reduce pain perception and dental anxiety of children in pediatric endodontic treatment.

BACKGROUND: Oyster shell has been recently reported as a new root canal filling material; therefore, it needs primary biological evaluation, i.e., cytotoxicity test and genotoxicity test, before clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of oyster shell powder. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational study was performed at the Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology of Peking University from April to July 2008. MATERIALS: Oyster shell powder was provided by Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; L929 cell strain and Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were provided by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products. METHODS: Oyster shell diffusion was prepared based on the times of 0.5, 1, and 2. According to the standards of biological evaluation of dental materials, the cytotoxity and genotoxicity of oyster shell were evaluated with molecule filter test and Ames test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fading area of the film induced by succinic dehydrogenase and amount of spontaneous revertants. RESULTS: After 2 hours, the results indicated that fading area of the film in the experimental group was the same as negative control, i.e., fading was not found in the film, and cytotoxicity was grade 0. After 24 hours, diameter of non-stained film was 1.0-2.0 mm, fading area was 1-3 mm2, and cytotoxicity was grade 1, suggesting that the material had light cytotoxity that was still qualified. The spontaneous revertant test indicated that the mutagenicity of experimental groups was no more than 2 times of the control groups, suggesting there was no dose-dependence. CONCLUSION: Oyster shell powder has no cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on the organism.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the trend of resistance to antimicrobial agents among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2006-2007.METHODS Agar diffusion test was used to analyze the changes in drug susceptibility of E.coli and K.pneumoniae from 30 hospitals in Anhui in 2006-2007.The resistant rate,intermediate rate and susceptibility rate of drugs were calculated according to the criteria in guidelines of CLSI(2007).RESULTS Carbapenems were the most active antimicrobial agents tested against E.coli and K.pneumoniae.Cefepime,ceftazidime,piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin showed excellent activity against E.coli and K.pneumoniae.E.coli and K.pneumoniae were still resistant to cefuroxime,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime and aztreonam.ESBLs-producing E.coli strains accounted for 48.9% in the year of 2006 and for 47.2% in the year of 2007.ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae strains accounted for 36.6% in the year of 2006 and for 40.0% in the year of 2007.CONCLUSIONS Imipenem remains highly active against E.coli and K.pneumoniae.