Pituitary adenoma,which originates from the pituitary gland,is a common tumor of the nervous and endocrine system,accounting for about 8% to 15% of the brain tumor.The peak incidence of pituitary tumor is 30 to 60 years old.Most of them show slow and limited growth,but 30% to 40% of them show aggressive growth.Surgical treatment has been the first choice so far(except for the prolactinoma),and at present,the domestic scholars advocate that the whole tumor should be cut as far as possible in the case of the most important structure,and carries on the comprehensive treatment.In this study,the comprehensive treatment of pituitary adenomas has been reviewed.

AIM:To improve the quality control standard based on 3 kinds of Radix Isatidis preparations-Radix Isatidis syrup,chewable tablet and granules. METHODS: A TLC method was established for iden tification of with Isatidis indigotica RS,Vleucine CRS and Arginine CRS as the references.A HPLC method was developed for the determination of adenosine and igoitrin in Radix Isatidis Preparations,with DIKMA Diamonsil C_(18) column(5 ?m,200 mm?4.6 mm id),a mixure of acetonitrile-water-triethylamine(10∶90∶0.2,using glacial acetic acid to adjust to pH 5.2)-water(85∶15) as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was set at 245 nm. RESULTS: Isatidis indigotica,Vleucine and Arginine were detected in all the preparations.The contents of adenosine and igoitrin varied greatly in tested samples from different pharmaceutical enterprises. CONCLUSION: The above methods are simple,accurate,and suitable for the quality control of Radix Isatidis Preparations.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory granuloma in central nervous system(CNS)to provide reference for clinic.Methods Retrospective data included 8 patients with CNS inflammatory granuloma in Department of Neurosurgery,Shanxi People's Hospital,2012 -2015.We analyzed the imaging features, postoperative symptoms,blood and cerebrospinal fluid changes and prognosis.Results 8 cases all received surgical treatment.All the symptoms were improved,and the CT showed that the lesions were disappeared.All the patients had recovered to normal life and work.Conclusion The diagnosis of CNS inflammatory granuloma is difficult.Clinical manifestations are lack of specificity.The blood and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory examination have no abnormal changes.CT and MRI are the main diagnostic methods.Postoperative pathology is the gold standard for diagnosis.The large lesion,frequent episodes of epilepsy,severe neurological deficits and possibility of brain tumor all should be treated by surgery.

Objective To observe the application of the mini-mental status examination (MMSE)cognitive assessment in the patients with brain glioma before and after surgery. Methods Using MMSE,36 pastients with primary brain glioma were subjected to the cognitive assessment before surgery, after surgery,and 3 monthsr after surgery. Results The quantitative cognitive assessments with MMSE before surgery revealed the hidden cognitive dysfunction patients.The quantitative cognitive assessments after surgery showed that surgeons might need to protect the non-function area and to form the idea of cognitive function in patients with glioma.Conclusion MMSE assessment is a simple,understandably,and convenient method having good compliance of patient. It may be effectively used to assess cognitive impairment for patients with glioma and worth being studied continuously and used widely in the clinic practice.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of minimally invasive puncture and drainage versus small bone window craniotomy in the treatment of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage. Methods:Seventy-three patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage who received treatment in Hequ County People's Hospital from April 2018 to December 2020 were included in this study. They were divided into a minimally invasive puncture and drainage group ( n = 38) and a small bone window craniotomy group ( n = 35) according to surgical methods. Clinical efficacy and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results:At 3 months post-surgery, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in the minimally invasive puncture and drainage group was significantly lower than that in the small bone window craniotomy group [(3.58 ± 1.23) points vs. (6.87 ± 0.97) points, t = 12.62, P < 0.001]. Barthel index in the minimally invasive puncture and drainage group was significantly higher than that in the small bone window craniotomy group [(62.15 ± 6.78) points vs. (43.15 ± 7.15) points, t = 11.65, P < 0.001]. The total response rate in the minimally invasive puncture and drainage group was significantly higher than that in the small bone window craniotomy group [92.11% (35/38) vs. 74.3% (26/35), χ2 = 4.21, P < 0.05]. The incidence of complications in the minimally invasive puncture and drainage group was significantly lower than that in the small bone window craniotomy group [5.2% (2/38) vs. 25.7% (9/35), χ2 = 6.18, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Minimally invasive puncture and drainage have better clinical efficacy and fewer postoperative complications in the treatment of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage than small bone window craniotomy. Therefore, minimally invasive puncture and drainage for the treatment of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage are worthy of clinical promotion.

Cognitive dysfunction is one of the serious sequelae of stroke. Brain-computer interface technology, as a rehabilitation technology to promote the neural function recovery, has been gradually applied to the assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive dysfunction after stroke. Brain computer interface establishs connection between the human brain and the machine, conducts closed-loop feedback training, helps patients improve brain functional activities, and finally achieves cognitive rehabilitation. This article introduces the current clinical application of brain-computer interface in rehabilitation of cognitive function after stroke and its possible neurophysiological mechanism, aiming to provide a new idea for rehabilitation of stroke patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the roots of Phlomis medicinalis.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and repeatedly purified by macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatography, TLC and PREP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physical and chemical properties and NMR spectra.

RESULTTwo iridoid glucosides were obtained and elucidated as 7-epilamalbide (1), chlorotuberoside (2).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was a new compound, compound 2 was isolated from the plant for the first time.

Glucosides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phlomis ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

Objective In order to verify an alternative method for the skin corrosion test by using transcutaneous electrical resistance ( TER) test, and to optimize the implementation criteria in OECD TG 430 procedure. Methods According to the OECD TG 430 procedure, Wistar rat skin was used to test the TER values of 16 reference chemicals, and selected the most optimal standard via different implementation criteria. The program B was chosen to make inter-laboratory comparison between 5 laboratories by testing 11 chemicals, which were identified as the optimal standard. Results After the TER test, the result of corrosion test of 16 chemicals were accordant with the reference data ( Kappa value＝0. 64). The program B was the most optimal implementation criteria, and the specificity was 66. 7% and sensitivity was 100%. There were no significant differences between the corrosion estimations of 5 laboratories, and the concordance rate of the 5 laboratories was 72. 7%. Conclusions Transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) test is an feasible and efficient tool for skin corrosion testing, and may become a good interim test to replace the in vivo test with this ex vivo test in cosmetics chemical safety assessment, thus, to reduce the animal usage in our country.

Objective:To explore the construction and implementation effect of clinical-thinking patterned curriculum for parallel graduate students with "running through clinical diagnosis and treatment process."Methods:In this study, 94 Batch 2016-2017 graduate students with clinical medical professional degree in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 48 Batch 2017 parallel graduate students were selected as the experimental group. The curriculum of clinical-thinking patterned training of "running through the clinical diagnosis and treatment process" was used. In addition to participating in the degree courses and residency courses, a series of training to improve the clinical-thinking ability were introduced. And 46 Batch 2016 parallel graduate students were divided in the control group, using a traditional curriculum and only participating in degree courses and residency courses. The differences among mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) scores, direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) scores, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores and students' satisfaction were compared by t test, chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results:The Mini-CEX scores showed the average scores of other aspects except humanistic care were higher than those of the control group, and the score of communication skills was significantly higher than that of the control group [(6.55±0.98) vs. (5.77 ±1.12)], with significant differences ( t=3.62, P<0.001). In the DOPS scores, except for the skills of communication with patients, ability to consider patient's feelings and practice of occupational literacy, the average scores of other aspects of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the real operation-ability score of clinical skills was significantly higher than that of the control group [(6.38 ± 1.38) vs. (5.53±1.23)], with a significant difference ( t=3.12, P=0.002). In terms of the outpatient receiving station, the emergency treatment station, the clinical thinking station①, the clinical thinking station②, the specialist skill station, the auxiliary examination station and the case writing station, their OSCE scores at different stages in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and in terms of clinical thinking station①, the score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with a significant difference ( F=6.51, P=0.012). The satisfaction rate of the experimental group in terms of curriculum was higher than that in the control group except for the future career development, and in improving logical-thinking ability, the score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with a significant difference ( χ2=19.18, P<0.001). Conclusion:The curriculum of clinical-thinking ability with "running through the clinical diagnosis and treatment process" can enhance the clinical practical ability of parallel graduate students, making them meet the residential academic standards as soon as possible and effectively promoting the training quality of the students.

[Abstract] Objective：To investigate whether the proliferation and cytotoxicity of NK-92MI cells can be improved by IL-7 and IL-21 genes modification, and determine the effects of this genetically modified NK-92MI cells on T cells from normal human peripheral blood. Methods：IL-7 and IL-21 gene fragments were constructed into electroporation vector by genetic engineering method, and NK92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/IL-7&21 cells were constructed by electroporation transfection. The in vitro proliferation and cytotoxicity of NK-92MI, NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/IL-7&21 cells were measured by cell count and flow cytometry assays. Then, normal human PBMCs were co-cultured with NK-92MI, NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/IL-7&21 cells in vitro respectively, and the phenotype change of T cells was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, the cytotoxicity between the activated T cells and three NK-92MI cell lines (NK-92MI, NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/IL-7&21 cells) as well as the cytotoxicity of the three NK-92MI cells on tumor cells after co-incubation with activated T cells were detected. Results: NK-92MI/IL-21 cell line (highly expressing IL-21) and NK-92MI/IL-7&21 cell line (highly expressing both IL-7 and IL-21) were successfully constructed. The toxicity of NK-92MI, NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK92MI/IL-7&21 cells on Jurkat and K562 cells showed no difference, while the proliferation of NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/IL-7&21 cells was increased compared with NK-92MI cells. Furthermore, NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/IL-7&21 cells promoted the activation of T cells to a certain degree, and the activated T cells showed merely no cytotoxicity on NK-92MI, NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/IL7&21 cells; Meanwhile, the activated T cells did not affect the cytotoxicity of the three NK cells (NK-92MI, NK-92MI/IL-21, and NK92MI/IL-7&21 cells) on K562 cells under their co-existence. Conclusion: The in vitro proliferation of NK-92MI/IL-21 and NK-92MI/ IL-7&21 cells were enhanced after gene modification, which could also stimulate and promote the activation of T cells from peripheral blood. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the activated T cells had no cytotoxicity on NK-92MI, NK-92MI/IL-21, and NK-92MI/IL-7& 21 cells. Meanwhile, the presence of the activated T cells did not affect the cytotoxicity of NK-92MI cells.