Air Pollutants ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Particulate Matter

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for determination of baicalin and wogonoside contents in Xiaochaihu decoction. Methods: Decoction pieces were mixed and decocted with water. The chromatographic column was Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 (150 mmX4.6 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was composed of 0.2% phosphate acid-water(A) and acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm, the temperature of column was 25°C, and the injection volume was 15 μL. Results: Baicalin and wogonoside were separated at baseline within 30 min with good linearity; the standard curves for baicalin and wogonoside were Y=44.16X-36.22 (r=0.999,9) and Y=52.08X-28.69(r= 0.999,9), respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were both less than 1%, and the limits of qualification were 0.615,6 μg/ml for baicalin and 0.220,8 μg/ml for wogonoside. The recovery rates (n = 6) were 95.73% (RSD = 0.8%) for baicalin and 97.02% (RSD= 1.56%) for wogonoside. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, stable, and reliable in determining the contents of baicalin and wogonoside in Xiaochaihu decoction, and it can be used for the quality control of this preparation.

Objective: To determine the contents of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and formononetin in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods: The HPLC condition was as follows: column: Hypersil ODS 2 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: A was ACN-MeOH (9 : 1,V /V), B was H2O, with gradient elution; flow speed: 1.0 ml/min; detection: 260 nm; temperature of column: room temperature; injection volume: 20 μl. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. was extracted with methanol solution twice, each time 20 min. Results: The theoretical plate numbers of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and formononetin were 50 134 and 25 258, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the range of (2.022-101.1) μg/ml for calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and (38.04-1522) μg/ml for formononetin, with their regression function being Y=58 924X - 12 352, r=0.999 9 and Y=9 237X - 124 447, r=0.999 9, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) at low, middle and high injection volume were all less than 2.0%. The limits of detection were 0.202 2 mg/ml for calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and 1.522 mg/ml for formononetin. The recovery rates were 98.34% (RSD=1.33%, n=3) for calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and 98.84% (RSD=0.12%, n=3) for formononetin. The contents of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and formononetin in 10 different batch of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. were determined. Conclusion: HPLC is a simple and reliable method for determining the contents of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and formononetin in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.

Air Pollution ; Atherosclerosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Particulate Matter

Objective To investigate the typing, staging and therapeutic outcome of intrahepatic cholan-giocarcinoma (ICC). Methods The clinical data of 60 ICC patients who were admitted to the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. ICC was classi-fied according to the type and TNM staging proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ). The relationships between typing, staging, surgical procedures and therapeutic outcome were investigated, as well as the relationship between the LCSGJ staging system and UICC staging system. Results The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals of the 60 ICC patients were 44% (23/52), 19% (10/52) and 10% (5/52), respectively. The median survival time for patients with radical resection (n =30) , liver transplantation (n = 10), palliative surgery (n = 11) and exploratory laparotomy (n=9) were 13, 3, 3 and 1 months, respectively. The radical resection rates for mass-forming type, periductal-infiltrating type, intraductal growth type and mixed type were 23/31, 9/15, 5/6 and 3/8, respectively. There were significant relationships between tumor type, degree of differentiation and prog-nosis (χ2 = 8. 308, 10. 009, P < 0. 05), and between tumor type and lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 13. 261, 5.702, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in survival time between patients with different pathological types, but the prognosis of patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma was better than that in the other types, with a median survival time of 20months. The median survival time of patients in LCSGJ stage Ⅳ was 3. 0 months, which was significantly longer than that in UICC stage Ⅳ (χ2 =3. 877, P <0. 05). Tumor staging was intimately related to the macroscopic type χ2 =8.288, P <0. 05). Conclusions The prognosis of ICC is poor. The typing and staging of LCSGJ is concise and practical, which is helpful in guiding treatment and evaluating progno-sis. Surgical treatment should be applied to mucinous ICC, and liver transplantation is not recommended for the treatment of ICC.

Abstact:Objective To explore the effect of different arrangement of hollow screws in treatment of femoral neck fracture.Methods The clinical data of 160 cases with femoral neck fracture from March 2010 to May 2014 in our hospital were collected.They were randomly di-vided into triangle group and inverted triangle group according to arrangement of hollow screws.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency in operation,length of stay,time of fracture healing,postoperative complications,Harris score and functional recovery of two groups were recorded and compared.Results The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in inverted triangle group were lower than those in triangle group,the difference was significant(P <0.05).The shortening rate of inverted triangle group and triangle group were 10%and 26.3% respectively.The shortening rate of inverted triangle group was lower than those of triangle group,the difference was significant (P <0.05).For the fluoroscopy frequency in operation,average hospitalization time,fracture healing time,rate of nonunion and femoral head necrosis,Harris score and functional recovery,there was no statistical significance between two groups(P >0.05).Conclusion Inverted tri-angle hollow screws treating femoral neck fracture makes surgery operation easier,operative time shorter and blood loss smaller.

ObjectiveTo investigate the curative effect of the treatment for the distal humeral shaft fracture with double steel plate internal fixation. Methods A total of 60 individuals who were humeral shaft fractures were included from March 2009 to April 2014 in the second people's hospital of Yunnan province. 28 of them were treated using double plate fixation(group A)and 32 of them were treated using single-plate treatment (group B). Blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative drainage, healing time and Mayo elbow performance score were compared between the two groups. Results(1)Blood loss, hospital stay and postoperative drainage showed no differences between two groups. However, the healing time between these two groups showed difference(P < 0.05).(2)MEPS score results showed a significantly difference in the excellent rate of patients between groups A and B(96.4% and 75%, respectively,P < 0.05). Conclusion The double plate fixation and single plate fixation for treatment of humeral shaft fracture showed no differences in operation time,blood loss,postoperative drainage and hospital stay. However,the double plate fixation showed a shorter healing time and better efficacy. Thus,the double plate fixation of humeral shaft fracture can contribute to obtain the rigid internal fixation,early functional exercise and better clinical efficacy.

Objective To evaluate and compare 3 kinds of cecocolon urinary reservoir. Methods Penn pouch,indiana pouch or detenial cecocolon reservoir has been performed for 37 patients.The out-come was evaluated by urodynamic and clinically. Results Good continence has been achieved in all patients with an appendiceal continence mechanism.The capacity and intrareservoir pressure of detenial cecocolon was significantly different from penn or indiana pouch 3 months postoperatively (P0.05).The intrareservoir pressure on contraction was lower with penn pouch. Conclusions The penn or modified indiana pouch is better and more ideal as an urinary reservoir whereas the detenial cecocolon pouch is technically simpler.

Concern on antibiotics contamination has been raised because of its serious environmental impact in recent years.The application of antibiotics,measurement method for antibiotics,mechanism of antibiotics degradation,and impact of antibiotics contamination on environment and human health were reviewed and commented.The advisable solution and future researches were prospected in this review,too.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD2 in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in acute rejection after small bowel transplantation (SBT) in rats.Methods Three groups were set up: Group A (n=18), receiving sham operation and feeding of common feedstuff; Group B (n=18) receiving SD rat to SD rat iso-series SBT and the treatment of routine liquid infusion and antibiotics after operation; Group C (n=18) receiving SD rat to Wistar rat taniso-series SBT and the same post- operation treatments as in group B. Samples of grafts and peripheral blood in the three groups were collected on the day 3, 5 and 7 respectively after SBT for detection of flow cytometry. The intestinal grafts were obtained for pathological examination.Results The survival time of rats in group C, group B and group A was 7.0? 2.1, 33.3? 2.3 and more than 90 days, respectively. There was significant difference between group C and groups A, B (P