Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has many advantages than standard multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC),such as small trauma,less postoperative pain,shorter hospital stay,good cosmetic effect,and so on.Especially the satisfying cosmetic result of no abdominal scar is more important.But the SILS is also faced with many difficulties.The operation time of SILS were significantly longer in duration than MLC.The safety and the technical feasibility were lower for the SILS whose operation complications are more than the MLC.The main reason is that the operation field don't exposureis sufficient and the formation of surgical operation triangle is not easy.In order to overcome these difficulties,scholars have used the auxiliary methods of exposing the operative field in various operation,including the penetration of abdomen wall retraction and intraperitonealretractionand abdomen wall retraction.This paper with review the advantages and disadvantages of the above methods aiming to affer more values for clinical doctors in opperating SILS who get more knonledge abont it.

Objective To investigate the etiology of the nosocomial infection and immune function changes anus and anal after operation.Methods 130 patients who needed anus and anal canal surgery were recruited in the study.The clinical data were recor-ded and postoperative nosocomial infection data were observed,including infection type,distribution,pathogenic analysis and im-mune function.Results A total of 67 cases of nosocomial infection occured,the infection rate was 51.5% (67/130),the main types of infection were perineal wound infection,abdominal infections and pelvic infections,urinary tract and vaginal infections were rare. 93 isolates were collected,of which gram-negative bacilli accounted for 67.7% (63/93 ),including bacteroides fragilis (21.5%), Escherichia coli (18.3%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%);Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.7% (30/93 ),including Staphylococcus aureus(17.2%),Staphylococcus epidermidis(6.5%);5 fungi were isolated accounting for 5.4%,other strains ac-counted for 3.2%.All the immune parameters detected in patients with postoperative nosocomial infection were statistically differ-ent from those before infection(P <0.05)except for IgM(P >0.05).Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection was rela-tively high in patients who had anus and anal canal surgery,which could serious affect the patients'outcomes,preventive and control measures should be taken in clinical practice.

As a tool, cholelithiasis animal models have become an important platform for pathogenetic, preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic research. As biliary calculus formation has a close relationship with dysfunction of hepatic and biliary systems, inability of lipid metabolism homeostasis and impairment of immunologic barriers, increasing studies have been carried out with the use of animal models in these fields. Animal genetic susceptibility to cholelithiasis has greatly attracted people's attention in recent years and cholelithiasis animal models have been used in Chinese traditional medicine development and authentication. Furthermore, reports on invasive and traumatic research have been published in which large animal models were used. It is supposed that technical progress and scientists' demands would result in wide application of more kinds of cholelithiasis animal models.

The causes of iatrogenic injury in choledo-cho-pancreatico-duodenai junction include iatrogenic factors, anatomic factors and pathological factors. T-tube, methylthionine chloride and fiber choledochoscopy are useful methods for early diagnosis. Accurate exploration of the injury site and reasonable choice of management were significant in dealing with the iatrogenie injury and can lead to a satisfactory result. Choledo-chojejunostomy and Oddi sphincteroplasty are not recommended unless the patients had distal bile duet stricture or the stones can not be removed. Accurate detection of the injury site, evaluation of the severity, and proper choice of the surgical method are important for the prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To observe the roles of p50 protein in pathologic responses of cerulein(CR)pancreatitis in mice deficient in p50 protein of NF-?B.Methods:Pancreatitis was induced by i.p.injection of 50?g/kg CR.The express and compensation of p65,p50 and cRel proteins of NF-?B,NF-?B activity were measured using electromobility shift assay;parameters of pancreatitis,eg,amylase,lipase and trypsin were evaluated.The apoptosis,necrosis and caspase-3 activity were observed.Results:p50 knockout(KO)mice had no p50 protein expression and increased p65 and cRel proteins expression.p50 KO mice's NF-?B activity decreased and apoptosis increased in pancreatitis compared with wild type(WT)mice.There was no caspase-3 activition in both mice before and after pancreatitis.All KO mice had an increased necrosis and amylase,lipase,trypsin activity compared with WT mice in pancreatitis.Conclusions:The results indicated that NF-?B p50 genetic deletion might attenuate cerulean induced pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard of l of Zengshi oral liquid. METHODS: Thin-layer chromatography(TLC) was employed for the qualitative determination of the Lycium barbarum,Cassia obtusifolia and schisandra chinensis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for the determination of chrysophanol in Zengshi Oral Liquid. RESULTS: The quality standard of Zengshi oral liquid could be established through qualitative determination of the Lycium barbarum,Cassia obtusifolia and Schisandra chinensis.The linear range of Chrysophanol was 0.083～0.416?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.38% and the RSD was 1.72%. CONCLUSION: The established standard can be used for the quality control of Zengshi oral liquid.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic features of Fagopyrum tataricum total flavonoids. METHODS:6 Beagle dogs were intragastrically given single dose of 80 mg F.tataricum total flavonoids (with content of quercetin at 1.2% and the content of eldrin at 24.7%). HPLC-UV spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the content of total quercetin in the hydrolyzed plasma samples. RESULTS:Taking the total quercetin as the index of the pharmacokinetic features of the F. tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUC0→t:(9.92?1.49)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(10.81?1.86)?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(1.07?0.19)?g?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The pharmacokinetics of the F.tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs conforms to two-compartment model,and the concentration-time curves are characterized by multiple peak pharmacokinetics.

Transcription factorhypoxia inducible factor -1(HIF-1)plays a key role in cell adaption to hypoxia(from 21%O2 to 1%O2).Researches have shown that HIF -1 is closely related to occurrence and de-velopment in many malignant cancers .In this paper,we review the effect of HIF -1 in tumor growth,metastasis, apoptosis and angiogenesis .

Atherosclerosis,as a chronic inflammatory vascular disease,involves many cellular and molecular events in its formation and progression from an early fatty streak lesion to a highly dangerous rupture-prone plaque.The vulnerability or destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques is closely associated with plaque composition.Such imaging modality as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which allows of the evaluation of the plaque composition at the cellular and molecular level,may differentiate vulnerable and destabilized plaques and monitor the efficacy of antiatherosclerotic therapies.This paper gives an overview of molecular imaging strategies currently used for targeting the inflammation markers of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.