OBJECTIVE:To analyze the recent implementation and problem of GAP(Good Agricultural Practice) of Chinese traditional medicinal materials(CTMM). METHODS:The sound development of GAP in recent 10 years were given an affirmation with regard to the improvement of regulations,the progress of GAP authentication,economic achievement,scientific research and training of talents,etc.Meanwhile,the limitations in variety breeding,wildlife tending,wildlife collecting,subsequent monitoring and base organization pattern were analyzed thoroughly,and the solution was put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:There has been a stable development of GAP in China; however,it remains to be improved in regulations,governmental supervising,and developmental model.

Objective To compare differences in pathological grade,clinical classification and prognosis in patients with Henoch?Sch?nlen purpu?ra nephritis(HSPN)in each age group. Methods Totally 225 cases of patients diagnosed as HSPN and treated in the hospital were selected to ret?rospectively analyze their clinical manifestations,pathological classification and prognosis and compare the difference in pathological grade,clinical classification and prognosis by age. Results Of the concomitant symptoms of HSPN,the incidence rate of abdominal pain was the highest in pa?tients of school age. There was statistical significance in the incidence rate of gastrointestinal bleeding between each age group. Of the clinical mani?festations,proteinuria was positive correlated with the pathological type,and the difference was statistically significant(r=0.471,P<0.000 1). But there was no correlation between the count of urine red blood cells in the urine and the pathological type. There was difference in the pathological grade between each age group(H=19.194,P<0.000 1). The difference mainly showed in the pathological grade between adults,children of pre?school age and adolescents(Z=-2.702,P=0.001;Z=-3.675,P<0.000 1). There was difference in clinical classification between each age group (χ2=36.114,P<0.000 1). The difference mainly showed in clinical manifestations between adults,children of school age and adolescents(χ2=19.628,P<0.000 1;χ2=18.944,P<0.000 1). For both children and adults who had developed into chronic renal failure,the renal pathology of these patients was not significantly different. Conclusion Compared with adults,children have milder pathological types and clinical manifestations and well prognosis of HSPN,and the most important factor which affects the prognosis is pathological type and urine protein can reflect the serious?ness of pathological type.

Objective:To deteat N‐terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro BNP) and cystatin C (Cys C) con‐tent in Kazak patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) complicated heart failure (HF) and analyze the corre‐lation between them .Methods :A total of 100 Kazak HHD patients were divided into hypertension complicated HF group (Complicated HF group , n=50) and pure HHD group (n=50) .Venous blood sample was taken within 24h after hospitalization for measuring serum levels of NT‐proBNP and Cys C ,then they were compared and analyzed between two groups .Results:Compared with pure HHD group ,there were significant rise in serum levels of NT‐proBNP [ (246.53 ± 165.65) ng/L vs .(4568.32 ± 2722.36) ng/L] and Cys C [ (0.82 ± 0.31) mg/L vs .(1.93 ± 2.46) mg/L] in complicated HF group , P< 0.01 both .Spearman correlation analysis indicated that serum NT‐proBNP level was positively correlated with Cys C level in complicated HF group , r=0.961 , P<0.01. Conclusion:In Kazak patients with hypertensive heart disease complicated HF ,serum NT‐proBNP and Cys C levels significantly rise and they significantly positively correlate ,so it suggest there may be slight damaged renal function also .

Adult ; Angina Pectoris ; etiology ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; Bradycardia ; etiology ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Humans ; Prosthesis Failure

An integration of medical data management system based on WEB and data mining tool is reportedly in this paper. In the application process of this system, web-based medical data mining user sends requests to the server by using client browser with http protocol, the commands are then received by the server and the server calls the data mining tools remote object for data processing, and the results are sent back to the customer browser through the http protocol and presented to the user. In order to prove the feasibility of the proposed solution, the test is done under the NET platform by using SAS and SPSS, and the detail steps are given. By the practical test, it was proved that the web-based data mining tool integration solutions proposed in this paper would have its broad prospects for development, which would open up a new route to the development of medical data mining.
Data Mining ; Internet ; Medical Informatics ; Software

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine in children undergoing epidural anesthesia so as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this anesthetic method.METHODS:A total of 30 children who were expected to undergo surgery for undescended testis,hernia or high ligature for hydrocele were assigned to receive 2% lidocaine(5 mg?kg-1) plus 0.75% bupivacaine(1.875 mg?kg-1)(single epidural dose) by epidural anesthesia.Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and bupivacaine were determined by HPLC.Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated and fitted by using DAS ver 2.0 pharmacokinetic program.RESULTS:The plasma concentration-time curves of lidocaine and bupivacaine were in line with a two-compartment model.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine vs.bupivacaine were as follows:tmax 27.0 vs.33.0 min;t1/2? 43.97 min vs.73.52 min;Cmax 2.411 mg?L-1 vs.1.475 mg?L-1;AUC0～∞ 144.714 mg?min?L-1 vs.168.541 mg?min?L-1.CONCLUSION:The dosages of the local anesthetics injected into the epidural cavity of children are proven to be safe and effective.

AIM: To study the effect of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonists on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP~+)-induced glutamate uptake inhibition in C6 glioma cells. METHODS: The glutamate uptake into astrocytes was measured by using radio-ligand binding assay method. RESULTS: It was shown that Group Ⅱ mGluRs agonist (2' S, 2' R, 3 ' R) -2- (2', 3 ' -dicarboxycyclopropyl) glycine (DCG-Ⅳ) (100 ?mol?L~(-1)) and Group Ⅲ mGluRs agonist L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) (100 ?mol?L~(-1)) significantly reversed MPP~+-induced glutamate uptake inhibition. Furthermore, the enhancement effects of DCG-Ⅳ and L-AP4 were blocked by their respective antagonists, (RS)-1 -Amino-5-phosphonoinan-1-carboxylic acid (APICA) and (RS)-?-methylserine-O-phosphate (MSOP). CONCLUSION: Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ mGluRs agonists produce neuroprotective effects by enhancing the activity of glutamate transporters.

AIM: To study whether agonists of group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) exert effects on LPS-induced glutamate uptake inhibition in C6 glioma cells. METHODS: The glutamate uptake into C6 glioma cells was measured by uptake of [3H]-D,L-glutamate; and the apoptosis and the viability of C6 glioma cells were investigated by Hoechst33342 and MTT methods, respectively. RESULTS: LPS (4, 6 ?g/mL) inhibited glutamate uptake significantly compared with that in the control group without effect on the apoptosis and viability of C6 glioma cells. Pretreatment of C6 glioma cells with group II and III mGluRs agonists DCG-IV(100 ?mol/L) and L-AP4(100 ?mol/L) reversed LPS-induced glutamate uptake inhibition. These recovery effects were abolished by their respective antagonists APICA and MSOP. CONCLUSION: Activation of group II and III mGluRs recovers LPS-induced glutamate uptake inhibition in C6 glioma cells, suggesting the enhancement of glutamate uptake is involved in neuroprotective roles exerted by group II and III mGluRs agonists.

Objective This study assesses the influence of rizatriptan on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),proenkephalin (PENK) and cholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA expressions in the trigeminal ganglia of a rat migraine model and investigates the possible mechanisms by which triptans treat migraine.Methods A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group (A),migraine model group(B),rizatriptan control group (C) and rizatriptan treatment group(D).Groups C and D were intragastrically perfused with rizatriptan,1 mg/kg per day.After 7 days,nitroglycerin was subcutaneously injected into the buttocks of the groups B and D to induce migraine.Two hours after nitroglycerin injection,the trigeminal ganglia was isolated.CGRP,PENK and CCK mRNA expressions in the trigeminal ganglia were determined using SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time quantitative PCR.Results The copy number of CGRP mRNA (× 107) in 200 ng total RNA of each group was 0.05 ±0.01,1.30 ±0.52,0.23 ±0.12,0.43 ±0.33 ; The copy number of PENK mRNA (× 103) in 200 ng total RNA of each group was 3.30 ± 1.65,0.34 ±0.14,3.91 ± 2.44,0.71 ± 0.13.The copy number of CGRP mRNA in the trigeminal ganglia of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (q =7.854,P ＜ 0.05) ; CGRP mRNA expressions were significantly lower in the trigeminal ganglia of rats in group D compared with group B (q =5.458,P ＜0.05).Compared with group A,PENK mRNA expressions in the trigeminal ganglia of rats were significantly lower in group B (q =4.478,P ＜ 0.05).PENK mRNA expressions were significantly higher in trigeminal ganglia of rats in group C compared with group D (q =4.838,P ＜ 0.05).CCK mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglia of rats was similar among groups.Conelusions Rizatriptan can decrease the expressions of CGRP in the trigeminal ganglia of the migraine rats and exhibits neurogenic inflammation triggered by CGRP.PENK expressions decrease in the trigeminal ganglia of the migraine rats,weaken the analgesic effects of enkephalin.

AIM: To study the effects of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonists on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) -induced glutamate uptake inhibition. METHODS: The glutamate uptake into astrocytes was measured by using radio-ligand binding assay method,and the viability of astrocytes was investigated by MTT method. RESULTS: It was shown that MPP+(150, 200 ?mol?L -1 ) inhibited glutamate uptake into astrocytes,but produced no effect on the viability of astrocytes,and the inhibition rates were 58.3 % and 70.1 %,respectively. Group Ⅱ mGluRs agonist (2'S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2',3'-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) ( 0.1 ,1,10, 100 ?mol?L -1 ) and Group Ⅲ mGluRs agonist L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) (1,10, 100 ?mol?L -1 ) significantly reversed MPP+-induced glutamate uptake inhibition. CONCLUSION: MPP+ directly inhibits the function of glutamate transporters,and group Ⅱ and Ⅲ mGluRs agonists produce neuroprotective effects by enhancing the activity of glutamate transporters.