Headache is a common clinical symptom.Some headache disorders belong to secondary category.Many intracranial disorders,such as head trauma,cerebral vascular diseases,intracranial tumors and inflammation,can lead to headache due to mass effect,inflammation reaction,stimulation of vasoactive substances and decreased intracranial pressure.Furthermore,many drugs and other substances,disorders of eyes,nose,ear,mouth,neck and other systemic disorders can also cause headache.Many headache disorders can be determined by detailed case history and physical examination.Blood test,lumber puncture,CT,MRI and other imaging examinations are necessary methods for finding the causes and the treatment of diseases.

The principal constituents of Radix Astragali include Radix Astragali soap glucoside,Radix Astragali polysaeeharide,amino-butyric acid,calcium and trace elements (selenium,manganese,iron,zinc,copper).Radix astragali has the function of protecting heart and kidney,two-ways regulating blood sugar and the blood pressure,resisting tumor,hypoxia,senile and oxidation,and enhancing immunity.This article reviewed pharmaceutical effects of Radix Astragali and its preparation of recent studies.

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology

Objective: To observe the expression of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), growth factor receptor-bound protein 2(Grb2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in human colorectal cancer tissues and to explore their roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Methods: Tissue microarray containing 185 colorectal cancer tissues was constructed and the expression of EGFR, Grb2, p-mTOR and VEGF in the colorectal cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry methods. The relationship between their expression with the clinicopathological characteristics such as age, sex, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis, clinical stage and differentiation degree was analyzed. Results: EGFR, Grb2, p-mTOR and VEGF were scarcely expressed or absent in the corresponding adjacent tissues; their positive rates in the colorectal caner tissues were 21.1%, 44.9%, 42.2% and 54.1%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the corresponding adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expression of EGFR, Grb2, p-mTOR and VEGF was not correlated with the patients' sex, age and differentiation degree of cancer. Overexpression of EGFR was found significantly associated with the invasion depth and clinical stage of cancer(P<0.05); and overexpression of p-mTOR and VEGF was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis, invasion depth and clinical stage(P< 0.05). There was a correlation between every two of the four proteins (r=0.245-0.567, P<0.05). Conclusion: Over-expression of EGFR, Grb2, p-mTOR and VEGF is closely associated with the development and progresssion of colorectal cancer, and they may be worth further studying as new targets for the molecular target therapy of colorectal cancer.

Objective: To explore the roles of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the activated mTOR (phosphorylated mTOR, p-mTOR) in the development and progression of colorectal cancer, and to discuss the clinical significance. Methods: The expression of mTOR and p-mTOR in 185 coLorectal cancer specimens and the corresponding adjacent tissues were evaluated by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between the expression and the age, sex, invasion depth( T stage) ,lymph metastasis, TNM stage and differentiation degree was analyzed. Results1 Diffused expression of mTOR and hardly any expression of p-mTOR were found in the adjacent tissues. The expression of mTOR and p-mTOR was obviously stronger in the colorectal cancer tissues compared with that in the adjacent tissues. The over-expression rates of mTOR and p-mTOR in colorectal cancer were 45. 9% and 42. 2%, respectively. There was no significant correlation of mTOR and p-mTOR over-expression with age, sex( P> 0. 05); the over-expression of mTOR was correlated with the differentiation degree (P<0. 05) ,but not with the invasion depth (T stage) ,TNM stage,or lymph metastasis (P>0. 05). The correlation of p-mTOR over-expression with the invasion depth (T stage) ,lymph metastasis and TNM stage was significant (P<0. 05) ,but that with the differentiation degree was not significant (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Over-expression of p-mTOR is closely associated with the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer. It is also indicated that p-mTOR may be involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.

Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Hemorrhage

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Genes, p53 ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Mutation ; Pleural Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; pathology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; pathology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; pathology

As a novel Golgi protein,GOLPH2 expression is associated with maintaining the structural integrity of the Golgi apparatus.As an oncoprotein,GOLPH2 expression is associated with malignant biological behavior of cancer cells.Important roles of GOLPH2 in the tumorigenesis and metastasis make it become a new target for tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To develop a new vascular heat transfer model in the neck to analyze temperature field affected by vertebral artery. Methods With numerical simulation based on the experimental dimension data, a new model along the axial temperature distributions of blood vessels of neck was established as neck surface under normal temperature condition and during hypothermia therapy. In addition, the results were compared with those based on conventional models without vertebral arteries considered. Results It was showed that vertebral arteries played an essential role in the process of transporting blood to the brain, and it was more effective to cool the vertebral arterial blood than any other major cervical arteries in order to cool the blood before entering the Circle of Willis. Conclusion All the results obtained in this study may offer some theoretical supports to the medical proposal to cool down the brain by hypothermia therapy, for example, by covering the head and neck with ice helmet.

Purpose:To evaluate ~(18)F-deoxyglucose dual-head tomography with hPET in the detection of suspected recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer, as compared with CT/MRI imaging. Methods:21 patients with clinically suspected recurrences in non-small-cell lung cancer underwent ~(18)F-FDG hPET and CT/MRI imaging. The final diagnosis of recurrence was proved by pathology or clinical following-up. Results:The ~(18)F-FDG hPET sensitivity, specificity,accuracy,postive predictive value in defining local recurrence were 94.1%,75%,90.5 %,94.1%,respectively ; and those of CT/MRI were 60%,66.7%,61.9%,81.8%, respectively. Conclusions:In comparison with CT/MRI,~(18)F-FDG hPET possesses a higher sensitivity、specificity and accuracy in detecting recurrence in non-small-cell lung cancer.~(18)FDG hPET is quite valuable methd to define the tanget in the radiotherapy of recunent non-small-cell lung cancer,and is less expensive than PET.It is thus recommended for clinical use.