The article summarizes the questions of clinical teaching of advanced urologists,and find out some measures to improve the clinical teaching quality of advanced urologists.

Objective To investigate the expression of an inhibitor gene of apoptosis, clusterin, in prostate cancer and its relationship with the genesis and progression of prostate cancer and with the expressions of bcl 2 and p53. Methods The expressions of clusterin, bcl 2, and p53 in 10 cases of normal prostatic tissues, 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 49 cases of prostate cancer were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results The rates of strong positive or weak positive of clusterin in normal prostatic tissues, BPH, and prostate cancer were 10% (1/10), 66.6% (10/15), and 91.8% (45/49), respectively. The expression level of clusterin in prostate cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal prostatic tissues ( P

Objective To explore the experience in scalp operation of craniopagus and repairing of scalp and dura defect after separating Methods Analysis the cause and management of the complication after skin expander implantation Discuss the characteristic of repairing skull soft tissue defect by expanded scalp flap and fiber capsule Results Dural and scalp defect could be repaired satisfactory with expanded scalp at one stage Conclusion It's necessary and important for successful separation in D type craniopagus with preoperation care, an elabarate operative management, careful postoperative observation and timely treatment for complication

OBJECTIVE:To introduce positive response to the security and effectiveness issues on OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand in order to provide reference for drug risk-benefit evaluation and putting forward reasonable management measures in China. METHODS:The concept of OTC cough and cold medicines for children were introduced firstly. Then the evaluation and countermeasures of OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand were also introduced. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It has significance for the evaluation of drugs for sale that are review and evaluation,study and countermea-sures and dynamic tracking for OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand and the realistic attitude of New Zealand Drug and Medical Instruments Security Bureau.

Objective To study the surgical repair mode of skin cancer in facies in aged patients. Methods The modes of surgical repair in 216 cases of aged patients with skin cancer in facies were analyzed. Results The special characteristics of physiology and pathology and the facies anatomy in the elderly determined the complexity of surgical repair. The surgical mode of excision and suture was the safest and the most efficacious. Skin flap transfer could mostly satisfy the function requirements of facies for the wound that was not able to be sutured after excision. Free skingrafting was applicable to the case that the deep tissue was not invaded by the tumor and the general condition of the patients was not much good. Conclusion The order of surgical repair modes for skin cancer in the facies in the elderly is excision and suture, skin flap transfer, and free skingrafting. Local skin flap must be the primary source as the selection of the skin flap is concerned. The suitable axial pattern skin flap or musculo-cutaneous flap can be selected according to the different section of the facies while there is no suitable local tissue.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of acellular allogenic dermis combined with split-thickness autogenous skin graft for coverage of wound in extremity joint. Methods After contraction scar, giant pigmented nevus and capillary hemangioma being removed, acellular allogenic dermis with split-thickness autogenous skin graft was used to repair 25 cases of wounds of elbow, ankle, knee and wrist joints. The area of wounds was from 7cm?11cm to 12cm?19cm. Out of 25 wounds, there were 4 in wrist, 8 in elbow, 7 in ankle and 6 in knee joints. The survival rate of graft skin and improvement degree of joint function were observed. Results All grafts survived and had the smooth surface without obvious pigmentation and wound contraction. The function of joint was significantly improved after operation. Conclusion Tissue-engineered dermis with autogenous epithelium is an ideal graft for coverage of various wounds in extremity joint.

Functional dizziness is one of the most frequent functional disorders in adult patients.The termfunctional dizziness is not a nosological entity,but comprises several diagnoses.This study is aim to summarize the typical symptoms of functional dizziness and signs and symptoms of non-functional dizziness.

Objective To analyze proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) index in invasive, proliferative,aged parts of keloid to explore the mechanism of keloid invasive growth characteristics. Methods PCNA in 10 cases of keloid and 10 cases of normal skin was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the PCNA index of different parts in keloid and normal skin was compared. Results The PCNA index of invasive part in keloid was obviously higher than that of proliferative,aged parts of keloid and normal skin (P

Total hip replacement (THR) is replacing the prosthesis stem similar to human bone that takes advantage of the material with both good mechanical properties and biocompatibility to the damaged articular surface. Thus it can not only alleviate or even eliminate the pain but also effectively maintain the joint stability and freedom and restore its normal performance. Finite element analysis was used in this study to establish a 3D model of artificial hip stem, and explore its fatigue properties of different materials to ensure the safety and reliability. The calculating obtained two results of different metal hip prosthesis, including lifetime and deformation. The minimum service life of titanium prosthesis reaches 568 million times, which satisfies ISO standards, while the stainless steel does not suit to be a prosthesis material.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Finite Element Analysis ; Hip Joint ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Models, Anatomic ; Prosthesis Failure ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stainless Steel ; Titanium

Aged ; Endocarditis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male