Disability insurance is one of main component of isurance. This paper made comparison of disability standard of insurance among some countries and regions and drawn serveal chracteristics. With the review of Chinese Disability Standard for Insurance (1998 version),implications and strategies had been proposed for further revision.

In the embryonic period, myosin regulatory light chain (MYL2) plays a pivotal role in the development and function of the heart. A large number of studies have previously confirmed that the mutation of MYL2 gene, also known as MLC2, confers intimate associations with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. MYL2 gene mutation impacts the structure and function of myosin, thereby leading to the occurrence and progression of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy as well as the following chronic heart failure. Importantly, MYL2 phosphorylation renders crucial effects in the processes of cardiac contraction, ventricular torsion and cardiac function.

By analyzing the experiences and lessons of expanding the patients' sources, promoting new technologies, developing equipments,enhancing the patients with special social status, disseminating Chinese culture and other aspects in medical foreign aid, the view that five combinations should be conducted was concluded to develop rehabilitation medicine effectively in Africa. Which were: the integration of the daily workload improving and the technical structure optimizing, the combination of the own advantages exerting and the actual local conditions considering, the linking of the medical knowledge disseminating and the core technologies leading, the unity of the fair share of things accomplishing and the social image shaping and the association of the masses of the people serving with close ties to senior.

Background Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can quantitatively analyze some ocular parameters in vivo.Although human ocular parameters have been obtained by SD-OCT,few studies were performed in animal experiment.Objective This study was to investigate the anterior and posterior segment parameters of C57BL/6 mice and pigmented rabbits using SD-OCT in vivo.Methods Some anterior and posterior segment ocular parameters,including the central corneal thickness (CCT),anterior chamber depth (ACD),white-to-white (WTW),optic nerve head (ONH) depth/width and retinal thickness,were measured in 8 eyes of 4 health SPF C57BL/6 mice and 12 eyes of 6 health SPF pigmented rabbits using SD-OCT.Results For C57BL/6 mice,Cornea,iris,lens in pupil area were clearly exhibited by SD-OCT.Mean CCT,ACD and WTW were (96±9)μm,(460±8) μm and (2.86 ± 0.41) mm pre-mydriasis,respectively,the corresponding values of post-mydriasis were (96±8) μm,(356±20)μm and (2.87±0.62)mm.There were no statistical differences of CCT and WTW between pre-and post-mydriasis (t =0.478,P =0.647 ; t =-0.737,P =0.485).ACD of post-mydriasis was significantly shallower than that of baseline (t =-13.022,P＜0.001).For the pigmented rabbits,the thickness of corneal thinnest point,retinal thickness,ONH depth and width were (370 ± 10) μm,(175 ± 4) μm,(1.35 ± 0.51) mm and (4.52±0.82) mm,respectively.Conclusions As a non-contact and non-invasive technology,SD-OCT can provide not only high resolution cross-sectional ocular images,but also high precise quantitative parameters for both C57BL/6 mouse and pigmented rabbit in vivo.

Adult ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Reciprocating ; etiology ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; etiology

BACKGROUND:We have successfuly prepared digital coraline hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffold in previous experiments, and it has been confirmed that it has the necessary physical and chemical properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitization of digital coraline hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffold. METHODS:A total of 32 guinea pigs were randomly divided into saline group (negative control group, n=8), 5% formaldehyde group (positive control group,n=8), experimental A group (the mass ratio of 3:1,n=8), and experimental B group (the mass ratio of 4:1,n=8). Sensitization test at the maximal dosage was performed according toBiological Evaluation of Medical Devices-Part 10: Tests for Irritation and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, including intracutaneous induction, local induction, and provocation. Patch was removed after 24 and 48 hours, and the skin response was classified according to Magnusson and Kligman criteria. Patch was removed after 48 hours, and the skin was performed with biopsy, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and observed under optical microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sensitization response was not tested in the negative control group, experimental A group and experimental B group at 24 and 48 hours after patch removal; however, moderate erythema was observed in the positive control group. Optical microscope demonstrated that spongiosis, edema, diffuse or perivascular mononuclear infiltration was not observed, and only a smal number of basicytes were seen in the experimental A and B groups. These findings indicate that the digital coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffolds, with the mass ratio of 3:1 and 4:1, are biologicaly safe for sensitization.

This paper introduced the latest healthcare management and the service delivery system including health resources in Macao,highlighting the developed legal system,government financing policies for health sector,the well-developed medical service referral system,favorable development supports for private medical institutions,and remuneration incentive policies for health workers in Macao.These may serve as the useful implications and recommendations for health reform and development in mainland of China.

Objective With the development of minimally invasion and the popularization of arthroscopy the technology of ar-throscopy has been widely applied for the treatment of acute and the safety of this has been validated.To analyze the clinical effect of ar-throscopically assisted double Endobutton plate reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Methods From November 2013 to December 2014, a total of 23 patients with Rockwood type III,Ⅳ,Ⅴshoulder joint dis-location were included, all cases was treated by arthroscopic double Endobutton fixaton technique.Patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months.The changes of shoulder joint forward elevation and external rotation, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(JOA), and Visual Analogue score( VAS) of acromioclavicular joint in both perioperative and postoperative were recorded. Results The mean follow-up time was (9.3 ±2.4) months ( range from 6 to 18 months),and mean time from injury to surgery was(10.1 ±3.2)days.The therapeutic effects were achieved in all patients after the arthroscopically assisted double Endobutton plate reconstruction.All the measurements, in-cluding the mean forward elevation JOA scores before and after fixation (71.0 ±5.4 vs 93.5 ±3.6), and mean VAS scores (4.6 ±1.0 vs 1.9 ±0.9), mean forward elevation [(102.5 ±8.6) degrees vs (144.3 ±6.3) degrees], and mean external rotation[(107.1 ±6.2) de-grees vs (149.6 ±7.5) degrees] improved significantly (P<0.05) after the treatment. Conclusion Arthroscopic double Endobutton fixaton technique could provide an effective immobilization of shoulder and acromioclavicular joint, thus improving the function of the joint and achieving an excellent effect in the treatment of acute acromiocla-vicular joint dislocation.

AIM: To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G 1/S cell cycle transition. METHODS: The DNA synthesis was determined by -TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited -TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G 0/G 1 phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION: Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G 0/G 1 phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.

AIM: Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, such as simvastatin, have been shown to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by mechanisms unrelated to its lipid-lowering effect. Several studies have shown that simvastatin induces apoptosis in a varieties of cell lines including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The aim of this study was to investigate the signal pathways involved in apoptosis induced by simvastatin. METHODS: Cultured VSMC were treated with simvastatin. Calpain activity was determined by measuring Ca 2+ ionophore-specific calpain substrate (suc-LLVY-AMC), caspase-3 activation was detected by Western blot, and apoptotic changes were distinguished by annexin Ⅴ binding and DNA laddering. RESULTS: After incubated with 30 ?mol/L simvastatin for 8 h, calpain activity had a marked increase ( P