Carcinoma of pancreas is the most common primar y pancreatic malignancy. Symptoms usually are nonspecific and include abdominal pain, jaundice, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. CT usually demonstrates a mass with ill-defined margins but also solid components and dil atation of the main pancreatic duct. This tumor is usually smaller and virtuall y never contains calcification. Following contrast material administration,all masses were enhanced less than the surrounding pancreas. Tumors were oval, rou nd or lobular,and is almost always locally invasive. These features can be used to differentiate carcinoma of pancreas from other pancreatic tumors.

Objective To investigate the effect of internal fixative operation with special-shaped plate on Pi- lon fracture.Methods 84 cases of Pilon fracture were treated respectively by continuous skeletal traction of calca- neus,internal fixative operation with general steel plate or Kirschner wire,or internal fixative operation with special- shaped plate.Results All the cases were followed up for 6 months to 2 years postoperatively.The rate of being ex- cellent and fine of 3 groups treated by 3 different methods was 42%,61% and 72 % separately.Conclusion Inter- nal fixative operation with special-shaped plate is a good way to treat Pilon fracture for its less complication and more recuperation and retention of function for anklebone.

Recent researches show that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an important regulatory role in the angiogenesis of ovarian cancer by influencing the level of some factors such as hypoxia inducefactor-1 ( HIF-1 ) ,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Meanwhile, recent studies report that FSH and FSH receptor(FSHR) may also participate in the angiogenesis of other solid tumors like lung cancer. FSH is closely related to the tumor angiogenesis, which provides a novel therapeutic target for anti-angiogenesis thera-py.

Objective To detect plasma concentrations of Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),endothelin (ET)-1 at different periods after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and probe the correlation of CGRP,ET-1 and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.Mehods Plasma concentrations of CGRP,ET-1 were measured in patients who were diagnosed with SAH (38 cases) at different periods (1-3 d,4-7 d,14-21 d after SAH) by radio-immunity technique.According to the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm,these patients were separated into two groups:vasospasm group(31 cases) and non-vasospasm group(7 cases).Twenty healthy persons after physical examinations were allocated to be control group.Results Compared with control group and nin-vasospasm group,the plasma concentration of CGRP in vasospasm group was obviously lower,especially in the 4-7 d time slot,and ET-1 was obviously higher,especially in the 4-7 d time slot.There were statistical differences among the three groups(P<0.05 or <0.01).Cerebral vasospasm occurred in 2 cases during 1-3 d,in 28 cases during 4-7 d and in l case during 14-2l d after SAH.Conclusions CGRP,ET-1 participate in the pathological process of SAH.The abnormality of vascular endnfhelial construction/diastolic function is correlated with delayed cerebral vasospasm.

Objective To observe and assess the effect about bundles of cure Rule of three three in the treatment for residual stones after Flexible Ureteroscope.Methods 120 patients with a single stone after urinary lithotripsy were divided into two groups according to the different indwelling time.Two cases of the control group were rejected because of severe hematuria.The control group (n=58) was subjected to the regular education (drinking water 3 000 ml per day with moderate exercise);The experiment group (n=60) was subjected to the Rule of three three (drinking 3 cups of water in thc morning、midday and night,with contralateral position 30 minutes,hot towel applying and gently tapping the kidney region 30 minutes).Results The calculi discharge rate and the net rate of experiment group [86.67％ (52/60),55.00％ (33/60)] were higher than the control group [53.45％(32/58),18.97％(11/58)] 14 days after surgery.The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Further analysis showed that the discharge rate of residual stones in lower renal calyx in experiment group [86.67％(26/30)] was higher than the control group [32.14％(9/28)].The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The bundles of cure called rule of three three can improve the discharge rate of residual calculi after flexible ureteroscope and increase the discharge rate of residual stones in lower renal calyx significantly.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of running training, swimming training and intensified cyclic training by means of morphometry and to determine the most effective training mode to develop the aerobic ability of the skeletal muscle. study the adaptability of rat skeletal muscle to different endurance training modes. Methods Twenty-five healthy male Wistar rats of 8 weeks old were divided into five groups, 10 of them having no exercise be divided into control group 1 and control group 2, others took part in running exercise, swimming exercise and intensified cyclic exercise respectively. The rats in control group1 were killed at the beginning of the exercise. The free activity group was taken as the control group 2, the rats were not given any interventions, they could move freely in the cage and be killed at the end of the exercise (n=5). The rats in running group were forced to take part in an upward-slope (+5?) running task of medium load, the rats should kept running at the speed of 16m per minute for 45 minutes. The rats in swimming group were forced to keep swimming in the pool for 45 minutes, The rats in intensified cyclic group were kept running for 30 minutes (the running mode was same to the running group), then had a rest for 15 minutes, and at last the rats were forced to keep swimming in the pool for 30 minutes. The rats in training groups were trained for 6 days every week with 1-day rest for 8 continuous weeks. We observed the change of aerobic ability of the soles muscle in different training modes. Results The three kinds of endurance training developed the aerobic metabolism ability of skeletal muscle in rats effectively. The intensified cyclic training can do better than swimming training and running training in promoting remodeling reconstruction of skeletal muscle, and developing the muscle, function. Conclusion The intensified cyclic training can shorten the period of remodeling reconstruction of skeletal muscle, and more effective in developing the aerobic ability of the skeletal muscle than other endurance training modes.

Lots of evidence show a correlation between air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases, of which the effect of particulate matter is the most concerned.It is the current research hotspot that respiratory diseases in both children and adults are closely related with atmospheric pollution levels.The influence mechanisms of atmos-pheric pollution on respiratory diseases include oxidative stress, inflammation, genetic damage, etc.This paper made a review of the latest advances s on the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases caused by atmospheric particulates PM2.5 .

OBJECTIVE:To introduce positive response to the security and effectiveness issues on OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand in order to provide reference for drug risk-benefit evaluation and putting forward reasonable management measures in China. METHODS:The concept of OTC cough and cold medicines for children were introduced firstly. Then the evaluation and countermeasures of OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand were also introduced. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It has significance for the evaluation of drugs for sale that are review and evaluation,study and countermea-sures and dynamic tracking for OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand and the realistic attitude of New Zealand Drug and Medical Instruments Security Bureau.

Objective To introduce the clinical significance and pathophysiologic aspects of the circulatory and cardiac complications in terminal stage cirrhosis.Methods Recently relevant literatures were reviewed and summarized.Results Haemodynamic changes in cirrhosis arose on the basis of combined humoral and nervous dysregulation,with abnormalities in cardiovascular regulation,volume distribution and cardiac performance.Conclusion Comprehending the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications will contribute a lot for the treatment of terminal stage cirrhosis.

Objective To study the adaptability of rat' skeletal muscle to medium load on endurance training. Methods 40 male Wistar rats were used in an upward-slope running with medium load. Then the ultrastructural changes of the soleus muscle and IGF-1 expression in different training stages were observed. Results The pathologic change of muscular tissues suggested that there was kinesic injury in rat soleus muscle, and the injury happened most seriously in the third week, when muscle structure experienced a relative 'fragile' period. At the same time, there was an obvious increase of IGF-1 in muscular tissues, which indicated that the muscle started to repair of itself immediately after injury. The abnormity rate of Z-cure and IGF-1 level began to decline gradually after 4 weeks, meanwhile the pathologic change reduced. Conclusion After been injured, the pathologic changes of muscle underwent a course of going serious then reducing accompanied with the reparation. The fact indicated that rat skeletal muscle showed a good adaptability to the injury accumulation.