Objective: To investigate the effect of processing Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with Salt on its anthraquinones component, so then the mechanism of processing with salt can be pointed out. Methods: Anthraquinones contents of crude Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, its processed products with dilute brine and strong brine were determined by spectrophotometry respectively. Results: There were no significant differences in anthraquinones contents among three kinds of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. Conclusion: The processing of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with salt doesn't affect its anthraquinones content, which suggests that the mechanism of processing with salt be worthy of discussing.

AIM: To investigate the application value of contrast -enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS) and analysis software for intra-ocular tumor diagnosis.
METHODS:Retrospective analysis for 90 cases (90 eyes) with intra- ocular tumor with CEUS examination, and all cases were confirmed by pathology after surgery or clinical comprehensive diagnosis and follow-up.
RESULTS: Choroidal hemangioma, choroidal melanoma, choroidal metastatic carcinoma had obvious different CEUS enhancement pattern, quantitative analysis indexes of those tumors by imaging analysis software were significantly different (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The CEUS can provide quantitative analysis for intra - ocular tumor with preferable clinical application value.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other aging-related diseases have become an important public health issue in China. However, current clinical drugs have failed to reverse the pathological process of AD. The holistic approach of traditional Chinese medicine offers advantages in improving cognitive function in AD through multiple molecular pathways, and may have potential for preventing AD. This paper summarizes the effects of classical traditional Chinese medicine and its active components in the improvement of AD-related cognitive dysfunction and describes the functional targets and related molecular mechanisms. This may have significance for the prevention and treatment of AD through multi-target intervention.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and operative treatment of the complex acetabular fractures of Letournel classification. Methods On the basis of the three- dimensional computed tomography, 75 cases of complex acetabular fractures were diagnosed and classified according to Letournel classification. They were treated through the anterior, posterior, combined anterior- posterior and the improved iliofemoral approaches. All the fractures were fixed with screws and AO reconstruction plates. Results All the cases were followed up for 6 to 96 months, with an average time of 46 months. They were evaluated according to D' Aubigne and Pestel criteria for joint functions and Epstein criteria for radiographic manifestation. 34 cases of the series were rated as excellent (45.23% ), 28 case as fine (37.33% ), 8 cases as fair (10.67% ) and 5 cases as poor (6.67% ). Conclusion Enough image data, simulation in vitro on a pelvic specimen, maximal anatomical reduction and appropriate approach are the basis for satisfactory outcomes.

0.05), while strychnine and naloxone obviously lengthened the sleeping time of the mice injected with thiopental sodium (P

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells play an important role in antigen present in vivo, and the mechanism of tumor cells in escaping the antigen presentation of dendritic cells existed in the patients with tumor.OBJECTIVE: To sensitize dendritic cells from human peripheral blood with apoptotic hepatoma cells induced by mitomycin.DESIGN: A randomized control trial by taking apoptotic hepatoma cell sensitized dendritic cells as the observed subjects.SETTINGS: Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA; Institute of Radiation Medicine,Chinese PLA Academy of Military Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese PLA Academy of Military Medical Sciences from April 1998 to May 1999. The cell strain was the QBC939 bile duct cancer cell strain, and mitomycin was used as the antitumor drug.METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of normal people, 50μg/L granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) and 1 000 U/mL interleukin-4 (IL-4) were added, once every other day for 4 times. On the 3rd day of culture, the apoptotic bile duct cancer cells induced by mitomycin was added, and then cultured in vitro for 4 days, finally the dendritic cells were collected.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The identification of the cultured dendritic cells was observed; ② The dendritic cells were co-cultured with necrotic and normally cultured bile duct cancer cells respectively, and the phagocytized apoptotic body loaded antigens were observed; ③ The immunostimulatory activity of dendritic cells (1×103, 5×103 and 1×104/well)and that after loaded by antigen were detected, and the mononuclear cells were taken as controls.RESULTS: ① The cultured and amplified dendritic cells expressed high levels of costimulatory molecules of CD1a and B7, and there were typical irregular processes on the surface. ② The tumor cells formed apoptotic bodies when they were induced by mitomycin, which were arrested and phagocytized by dendritic cells. ③ The ability of the antigen loaded dendritic cells in stimulating the proliferation of allogenic lymphocyte T was further enhanced.CONCLUSION: The apoptotic tumor cells induced by mitomycin can induce the mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood differentiating into the dendritic cells with the concomitance of GM-CSF and recombinant IL-4 and amplify dendritic cells. Meanwhile, the dendritic cells can effectively present the antigens of apoptotic bile duct cancer cells, and it probably becomes a new effective approach for tumor antigen to sensitize dendritic cells.

Limb lengthening has been applied to deal with inequality of lower limb for a long time. In some special cases femoral lengthening can be chosen for the treatment, though this technique is more difficult than tibial lengthening. We have reviewed in this paper the indications, different methods, newest devices and skills, prevention and cure of complications in femoral lengthening. Because of the high incidence of complications due to this operation, doctors should be very cautious when they determine the cases for the operation.

Objective:To eastablish the efficient presentation of antigen from apoptotic cells by human DC from peripheral blood. Methods: using recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colonystimulating factor(GM- CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL- 4 ) we have established dendritic cells (DC)from peripheral blood monocyte that maintain the antigen capturing and processing capacity characteristic of immature dendritic cells in vivo. GM - CSF 50ng/ml , IL- 41 000ng/ml once two days(total four). on the 3 rd day of culture, immature DC and apoptotic hepatochlangioma cells were in coculture lasting 7 days. Results:these cells had typical dendritic morphology, express high levels of CD1a ,B7 and acquired antigen from apoptotic cells and induced an increased T cell stimulatory capacity in MLR. Conclusions:we have established DC from blood mononuclear tells using GM- CSF and IL- 4 and DC can be efficiently drived from apoptotic cells and can induce the increase of T cells obviously. It probably becomes an effective approach of antigen transduced with DC.

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of the ends of the fractured bone is heavily expressed 72 hours to 3 weeks after the fracture and it is supposed that it has a promoting effect on fracture healing. Inducing angiogenesis through VEGF gene transfection has gradually attracted the attention of the researches.OBJECTIVE: To find an efficient way of exogenous VEGF gene in vivo transfection through injecting the mixture of positive ion liposome transfection agent and plasmid and to study the promoting effect of extra VEGF gene expression on bone fracture healing.DESIGN: A randomly grouping, blank control trial.SETTING: Animal Laboratory of Huaxi Medical Center of Sichuan University MATERIALS: Totally 40 adult male SD rats, weighing 230 to 250 g,were involved. All the animals were randomly divided into the experiment group and the control group with 20 rats in each group.METHODS: The experiment was conducted at the Animal Laboratory of Huaxi Medical Center of Sichuan University from April to December 2003.Altogether 40 rats were involved to establish fractured models of right shaft of femur. Cut the bone in the middle of bone stem, retroplanted a Kirsh' nail with 1 mm diameter through intercondylar part and the fractured bone was fixed. In the experimental group, a mixture of 100 μL of liposome transfection agent and 100 μg of pBLAST49-mVEGF plasmid was injected in multiple points into the subperiosteum of the both sides of the ends of the fractured bone. The same volume of normal saline was injected into the rats in the control group. Then, 2 rats in each group were put to death 3,7,14,28,42,56,70 days after the operation and femoral bone specimen was collected.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Observation of right femoral fractured staining results of VEGF, with the apperance of brown granules as positive.RESULTS: Two rats were selected at 7 time points separately, and altogether 28 rats entered the stage of result analysis. The other 12 rats were fracture at different time points: For the experimental group, 28 days after the operation, cartilage callus appeared and replaced fibrocallus gradually,and the fracture line disappeared. Fifty-six days after the operation, the bone healed completely. For the control group, 28 days after the operation , fibrocallus was observed, and the fracture line was still clear. 56days after the operation, much callus appeared, and the fracture line beof fractured bone was stained with hemotoxylin eosin (HE). In the experiment group, 56 days after the operation, the bone healed completely and trabecular like bones were rebuilt. The bone marrow cavity of the fractured region was open again. In the control group, Fifty-six days after the operation, no mature bone was formed, and the bone marrow cavity was not different time points: The expression in the two group reached to the peak on day 14 and began to decrease on day 28. The expression of VEGF in the experimental group was obviously higher than that in the control group.CONCLUSION: Injection of the mixture of positive ion liposome transfection agent into the subperiosteum of rats is an effective approach for in vivo transfection and pBLAST49-mVEGF gene transfection can effectively facilitate the bone fracture healing of rats.

BACKGROUND: Ectogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could enhance the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and concentration of cycli adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) fivefolds in cultured osteoblast cell. What' s the effect of ectogenesis VEGF gene transfection on osteoblasts is still by no means clear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of gene transfection and expression of ectogenesis VEGF on the osteogenesis activities of osteoblast cell.DEDIGN: A completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Laboratory of Transplantation and Immunity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University MATERIALS: Cranial osteoblasts of newborn two or three-day male SD rat.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Transplantation and Immunology of Huaxi Hospital, Sichuan University from April to December 2003 The cranial osteolasts of newborn rat were separated and cultured with enzyme digestion method then were identified by teoblasts cultured in vitro with cation liposomes transfection as gene transations, immunohistochemical staining was performed on VEGF and collagen type I and osteocalcium were detected.collagen I and secretion of osteocalcium of osteoblasts.RESULTS: The concentration of osteocalcium and expression of type I collagen of the 1- 5 generation osteoblast cell in pBLAST49-mVEGF gene transfer group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION : It is found in this experiment that the synthesis of collagen I was enhanced obviously after sussceful transfection of pBLAST49-mVEGF plasmid. Compared with the control group, the diffence of intergrated optical density gained by Mias image analysis system was significant( P ＜ 0.05),indicating that pBLAST49-mVEGF plasmid transfection can improve the synthesis of type I collagen and secretion of osteocalcium of osteoblasts.