The reproductive toxicity of environmental estrogens(EEs)has become an extensively studied subject in environmental science and reproductive medicine nowadays.Many epidemiology data and experimental evidences indicated that EEs may significantly cause the disorders of male sex differentiation such as microphallus,hypospadia,cryptorchidism and masculinization behavior disorder and so on.The mechanism includes estrogenic activity,anti-androgenic activity as well as other feedback regulation and signal transmission which influence hormones metabolism.

Objective:To study the new bone formation after distraction osteogenesis (DO) to repair cleft palate (CP) by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and quantitive image analysis. Methods: 20 cats were assigned randomly to 3 groups: Experimental group (15 cats), the CP bone defects in hard palate were corrected with DO repair at the rate of 0.4 mm twice a day, till the transport disc (TD) reached the opposite edge across the defect region. The tetracycline labeling (30 mg/kg) were intramuscularly injected 6 days before specimens retrieval of each 3 cats at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after the completion of distraction. The sections were observed and analyzed by LSCM and quantitive image analysis. The results were then compared with empty control (2 cats) and experimental control group (3 cats). Results: The data showed that active new bone formation were observed in 2 weeks and reached the summit in 4 weeks. The bone formation slowed down through 8 to 12 weeks but still significantly stronger than empty and experimental control groups in which no new bone growth were observed. Conclusion:The hard palate bone defect is eventually reconstructed by DO repair and the distraction gap was filled with active de nove intramembranous osteogenesis. A consecutive dynamic curve of fluorescent labeling deposition implies active bone formation and remodeling is revealed.

Objective This study was designed to study the distribution and developmental changes of 11?\|hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1(11?\|HSD1) in the neonatal rat brain. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to observe the distribution and changes of 11?\|HSD1 protein levels in the neonatal rat brain. Results 11?\|HSD1 protein was highly expressed in all layers of the cerebral cortex as well as all sub\|regions of the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry.Western blot analysis showed that the expression of 11?\|HSD1 protein in the neonatal rat cortex,hippocampus and hypothalamus was higher during the first two weeks of life,but started to fall from 15th day after birth.Conclusion\ The expression pattern of 11?\|HSD1 protein in different brain areas in the neonatal rat suggests that 11?\|HSD1 protein may play an important role in the development and maturation of the brain.\;[

Objective To systemically evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of recurrent oral ulcer(ROU) treated by traditional Chinese medicine.Methods The randomized controlled trials of TCM treatment on ROU were retrieved,and the related information from database was retrieved and assessed with Cochrane Handbook.Results Fifty-three articles in 41 journals were found.There were 12 diagnostic criteria and 8 effect criteria.Base-line comparision in 39 articles,blind methods in 3 articles,follow-up survey in 2 articles,adverse reaction in 10 articles,no case loss in all articles were reported.Conclusions The quality of RCTs of TCM for ROU should be improved.

Objective To analyze the experience of 745 cases of lumbar disc herniation(LDH) and investigate the relevance between the clinical symptoms,signs and operative observation.Methods From 1982 to 2003,745 cases of LDH were treated operatively.In order to investigate the relationship between clinical presentations and operative results,a statistic analysis was conducted using the clinical symptoms,signs and operative observations.Results As the predominant manifestions,the pain in the low back and leg was seen in 96.4% of LDH,the pain aggravated by belly pressure in 93% of LDH,local tenderness and radicular pain around the lumbat spinous process in 70.8% of LDH,rectoleg elevation test(+) in 91.6% of LDH.operation observation:77.6% of LDH was classified as lateral type,10.9% as medial type and 11.5% as rupture or sequestration type.Weakness of extensor hallucis longus could seen in 65.6% of LDH of L_4,L_5,in 32.3% of LDH of L_5S_1.Conclusions Although the extensive usage of computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) provides a prompt and accurate basis for diagnosis of LDH,the physical examination remains the most important routine way to make a diagnosis.It is suggested that during the diagnosis and treatment of LDH,besides the common features of the disease,some individual presentations should not be neglected in few rare atypical cases,so as to diagnose and treat correctly.

Objective To discuss the techniques and the prevention and cure of preoperative complications of the endovascular embolization in managing the intracranial aneurysms. Methods A total of 90 aneurysms in 88 patients were treated by detachable coils embolization. The clinical results and the management of complications were reported. Results Seventy aneurysms were occluded at 100%, 13 aneurysms at 90% to 95% and 5 aneurysms at only 80. The perioperative complications occurred in 9 patients, including the coil escaping from the aneurysm sac into its parent artery in 3 patients, re-rupturing of aneurysm in 4 patients during operation and serious vasospasm in 2 patients. Two patients died. Conclusion The endovascular embolization is a safe, effective and micro invasive method in managing intracranial aneurysms. The exact embolizing techniques chosen are very important to improve the curative results and decrease the complications of embolization of intracranial aneurysms.

Background Orbital tumor has complex histological types and it is difficult for clinical differential diagnosis.Therefore, it is badly in need of a new diagnostic technology to distinguish its benign and malignancy.Objective This study aimed to analyze and compare the characteristics of contrast ultrasound image between benign and malignant orbital neoplasms and evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast ultrasound to orbital tumor.Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with malignant orbital neoplasms and 51 patients with benign orbital neoplasms were retrospectively analyzed in Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine from September 2010 to September 2013.Contrast ultrasound examination was carried out on all the patients using MyLab Twice color ultrasonic device under the informed consent.SonoVue solution of 2.0 ml was intravenously injected and then the state and dynamic graphs of orbital tumors were collected.According to the classification of enhanced levels and patterns,the imaging features of orbital neoplasms were evaluated, and time-intensity curve (TIC) and dynamic vascular pattern (DVP) curve were obtained with SonoLiver software.The general ultrasonic signs and contrast ultrasonic characteristics between benign and malignant neoplasms were compared.Results Hyper-enhanced lesions were found in 62.5％ (15/24) and 27.5％ (14/51) ,and iso-intensity lesions were found in 20.8％ (5/24) and 49.0％(25/51) in the malignant orbital neoplasm patients and benign ones, respectively, with a significant difference in enhanced types between them (x2 =26.40,P＜0.01).Based on the enhanced mode, heterogeneity enhancement lesions were found in 75.0％ (18/24) and 25.5％ (13/51), and hemogeneity enhancement lesions were seen in 25.0％(6/24) and 47.1％ (24/51) in the malignant orbital neoplasm patients and benign ones, respectively, showing a significant differnee between them (x2 =30.40, P ＜ 0.01).The 58.3％ patients showed rapid rising and sharp descending TIC curves,and 75.0％ patients showed the biphasic wave DVP curves in the malignant lesions;while in the benign lesions,the TIC curves of 78.7％ patients were quick lift and slow dessend, and the DVP curves of 74.5 ％patients appeared to be positive phasic wave.These curve features were significantly different between the malignant lesions and benign ones (TIC:Z=-3.130,P=0.002;DVP:Z =-4.730,P =0.000).Conclusions Contrastultrasound examination shows that different tissue-derived orbital neoplasms have varied enhanced modes and types.Contrast-ultrasound examination is helpful for the differential diagnosis of orbital neoplasms.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of Hedyotic diffusa injection in reversing multi-drug resistance of BEL-7402/5-FU cells.Methods The IC50 of BEL-7402/5-FU cells was examined by MTT,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and the content of tyrosine kinase in total protein of tumor cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The IC50 of Hedyotic diffusa injection (6 μL/mL ) combined with 5-FU (636.5 μmol/L)decreased significantly compared with that of 5-FU applied alone (1 071.6 6μmol/L). The reversal on BEL-7402/5-FU was 1.68-fold.After injection of 5-FU plus Hedyotic diffusa ,the apoptosis rate of BEL-7402/5-FU cells was increased significantly and the tyrosine kinases of BEL-7402/5-FU cells decreased significantly.Conclusion Hedyotic diffusa injection plays a certain role in reversing multi-drug resistance of BEL-7402/5-FU cells,which may be related to decreasing their tyrosine kinases.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of H1 receptor in kidney and bladder tissue of rats after long term ketamine intraperitoneal injection.Methods This study was conducted from May 2012 to December 2012.Sixty male 2-month-old SD rats,weighted (200±10) g,were randomly divided into Group A and Group B.Each group concluded 30 rats.In the Group A,Ketamine (100 mg/kg) was given as intraperitoneal injection every other day,while normal saline (100 mg/kg) was given in Group B.The dosage was adjusted every week according to the weight of rats.After 2,4 and 6 months,10 rats from each group were randomly chosen.First,the micturition number during 2 h was recorded.Then,urine samples over a 24 h period were collected and the content of Na+ and K+ were determined.Finally,the blood samples were obtained from the apex of heart for the creatinine determination.The kidneys and bladders were harvested after the rats were sacrificed.HE staining was conducted on all the tissues.Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of H1 receptor in the bladder and kidney tissues from Group A and Group B.The average optical density (A Value) in each group was separately calculated by Imagepro-plus 6.0 software.All the parameters,mentioned above,were carefully compared.Results The successive rate of establishing rats model was 90％ (9/10),according to the pathological result after 6 months injection.The urine volume of 24 h in group A and B were (15.9±1.3) and (10.1±0.8) ml,respectively.Micturition frequency during 2 hours in group A and B were (6.9±1.4) and (3.0±0.5) times.The urine volume of 24 h and micturition frequency during 2 hours were significantly increased in group A (P＜ 0.05).The urine sodium within 24 h in group A was (1.7±0.1) mmol,which is increased significantly than that in group B (1.0±0.1 mmol).While the urine potassium was less in group A (1.1±0.1 mmol/d) than in group B (2.6±0.1 mmol/d) (P＜0.05).But the serum creatinine level were (60.5±6.8) and (58.1± 3.9) μmol/L in group A and B,which had no difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).The expression of H1 receptor in kidneys and bladder in group A was significantly raised compared with group B (P＜0.05).In the group A,the expression of H1 receptor level in kidney was 0.008±0.001,0.016±0.001,0.023±0.004 after 2,4 and 6 months drug used.The expression level in group A were significantly difference than that in group B (0.003±0.001,0.004±0.002,0.003±0.001) (P＜0.05) and goes up with prolonging the drug using.While in the bladder tissue,the level of H1 receptor expression was 0.017±0.006,0.031±0.012,0.036±0.007 in group A and 0.015±0.007,0.016±0.005,0.016±0.004 in group B,which could be noticed a significantly increasing in group A (P＜0.05).In 4 and 6 months,the H1 receptor expression level significantly raised than that in 2 months (P＜0.05).Conclusions Long term ketamine addiction exerts toxicity not only on the bladder but also on the kidney.The increased expression of H1 receptor in rats' kidney and bladder tissues of group A indicates that H1 receptor may be related to the ketamine-associated urinary system dysfunction.The urine sodium and potassium within 24 h may be a sensitive index for the assessment of degree of kidney damage in the early stage of ketamine-induced dysfunction than serum creatinine.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of Milligan‐Morgan and Ligasure blood vessels closed system for conducting mixed hemorrhoidectomy under local anesthesia .Methods 68 inpatients with mixed hemorrhoid in the general sur‐gery department of our hospital from April 2009 to April 2012 were selected and randomly divided into the Ligasure group (observa‐tion group ,34 cases) and the Milligan‐Morgan group (control group ,34 cases) .The operation adopted the local infiltration anesthe‐sia .The postoperative followed up lasted for 6‐36 months .The operation time ,intraoperative blood loss ,total hospitalization cost , postoperative hospital stay time ,postoperative pain degree and the postoperative complications were compared between the two groups .Results The average operation time in the control group and the observation group was (32 .35 ± 10 .24)min and (20 .29 ± 7 .88) min(P=0 .000) ,the average intraoperative blood loss was (29 .71 ± 14 .67)mL and (4 .97 ± 2 .89) mL(P=0 .000) ,the aver‐age postoperative pain score was (5 .88 ± 1 .12) points and (3 .47 ± 0 .83) points(P=0 .000) ,the average postoperative hospital stay time was (7 .97 ± 2 .55) d and (2 .29 ± 1 .17) d(P=0 .000) ,and the average hospitalization expense was (1 541 .32 ± 205 .91) Yuan and (2 872 .32 ± 652 .30) Yuan ,respectively ,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0 .000) .Dur‐ing the hospitalization period and follow‐up ,the anal exudation rate and the average postoperative pain score in the control group were higher than those in the observation group(P=0 .000) ,the occurrence rate of other complications had no statistically signifi‐cant differences between the two groups .Conclusion The Ligasure operation mode has less intraoperative blood loss ,shorter opera‐tion time and shorter postoperative hospital stay time .