Animals ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Geographic Information Systems ; Snails

Aim To investigate the effect of allopurinol and benzbromarone on serum level of uric acid, hepatic xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity and intestinal expression of glucose transporter(GLUT) 2 and 5 in rats with fructose-induced hyperuricemia.Methods Wistar rats were fed with 10% fructose in drinking water for consecutive 8 weeks to induce HUA.Treatment with 5 mg·kg-1 allopurinol or 10 mg·kg-1 benzbromarone were intragastricly administered from 5~8 weeks.Serum level of uric acid and XOD activity in liver were tested.Expression of GLUT2 and GLUT5 in intestine was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot.Results Treatment with allopurinol or benzbromarone significantly decreased the serum level of uric acid in fructose-induced hyperuricemic rats.At the same time, allopurinol treatment significantly reduced the XOD activity in liver and GLUT5 expression in intestine.Nevertheless, benzbromarone treatment did not show inhibitory effect on hepatic XOD activity and intestinal GLUT5 expression.In addition, neither allopurinol nor benzbromarone showed inhibitory effect on GLUT2 expression in intestine.Conclusions Allopurinol decreases serum level of uric acid in fructose-induced hyperuricemic rats.The mechanism is related to reducing XOD-mediated uric acid production in liver, and decreasing GLUT5-mediated fructose absorption in intestine.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Schistosomiasis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

Objective To explore the method and superiority of laparoscopic management of children's varicocele. Methods High position ligation of varicocele under laparoscope was performed and internal spermatic arteries were reserved intraoperatively. Results 32 cases had smooth recovery after operation, and no complication occurred. The hospital stay was (1～3)days postoperatively. 29 cases had been followed up for 6 months～1 year and no relapse and testis atrophy occurred. Conclusions The method has the advantages of simpleness, minimal invasion and quicker recovery. Reservation of internal spermatic artery can prevent testis atrophy.

Objective: To study the difference in tooth profile among Chinese,Caucasian and Japanese with normal occlusion.Methods: The data of the measurments of Chinese,Caucasian and Japanese with normal occlusion were collected from published studies.Crown angulation,crown inclination and crown convex were used in the comparation among the peoples. Results: Tooth profile in Chinese was significantly different from that of Caucasian but was similar to that of Japanese. Conclusion: The orthodontic appliances should be modified when we use the straight wire appliances that is suitable for Caucasian and Japanese.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the lateral fissure opened intraoperative cerebral con-tusion sylvian cistern , basal cistern for improving the cerebral vasospasm. Methods A total of 106 patients with cerebral contusion in lateral fissure area were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group was given conventional craniotomy to clear focal cerebral contusion of hematoma. And the experimental group was further to fully open sylvian cistern, jugular vein pool, endplate pool and basal cistern on the basis of the conventional craniotomy to remove the brain contusion and hemato-ma. The levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected postoperative 3, 7 and 14 days. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, ICU guardianship time and total length of hospital stay were observed on discharge and followed up for 3 months in two groups. The rate of good prognosis was compared between two groups. Results There were significant differences in ET-1 levels of plasma and CSF at different time points (plasma Ftime = 603.436 and CSF Ftime =684.276 ) between two groups of patients (plasma Fgroup=272.531 and CSF Fgroup=317.641). The ET-1 levels were signifi-cantly lower after 7 d and 14 d treatment in experimental group, but no significant difference 3d after operation between two groups (P<0.01). The GCS score was significantly higher on discharge in experimental group than that of control group. The values of ICU guardianship time and the total hospitalization time were both significantly lower in experimental group than those of control group (P<0.01). The rate of good prognosis was significantly higher in experimental group than that of con-trol one [78.85%(41/52) vs 51.85%(28/54),χ2=8.496, P<0.01]. Conclusion Openning side crack pool and basal cistern in the surgical treatment of traumatic brain injury can improve the cerebral vasospasm and prognosis.

Chromosomally encoded toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are thought to result in growth arrest and eventual cell death upon exposure to environmental stress in E. coli. In the chromosome of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, the genetic organization of a 360 bp open reading frame (ORF), slr0664, and another small ORF of 256 bp, ssr1114, is similar to that of TA system. The predicted protein encoded by slr0664 is homologous to RelE, but neither homologue of ssr1114 nor ssr1114-encoding protein was found in TA system. To see whether slr0664 encodes a toxin protein, ssr1114 encodes an antitoxin, an expressing plasmid containing promoter Plac and PBAD, was constructed. In this construct, Both slr0664 and ssr1114 were controlled by Plac and PBAD, respectively. Expression of slr0664 in Escherichia coli results in the inhi-bition of bacterial growth, the expression of ssr1114 neutralize the toxicity of slr0664 expression. These re-sults show that slr0664 is toxin gene and ssr1114 is antitoxin gene, both ssr1114 and slr0664 constitute achromosomal TA system in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.

Abstract Exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy and kidney cancer. Acute and chronic PM2.5 exposure lead to the damage of glomerular filtration and kidney tissue of mice. PM2.5 induces cellular oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, renin angiotensin system and bradykinin system activation, so that causes renal blood vessel and tissue damage, decreases glomerular filtration rate and clearance capacity, and mediates the occurrence of kidney damage and diseases. This article reviews the studies into the impact of PM2.5 on kidney and its mechanism form 2016 to 2020, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of kidney injury induced by PM2.5.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Humans ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of autophagy in acute lung injury (ALI) caused by multiple trauma in rats via pretreat with 3-methyladenine (3-MA).

METHODSForty-five Sprague-Dawley male rats, with age of 4 months and body weight of 250-300 g,were randomly divided into three groups. In the sham group, the rats received sphenotresia only;in the control group, the rats were made model of femur shaft fracture combined with brain injury, and treated with physiological saline by abdominal cavity at 1 hour before making model; in the 3-MA group, the rats were made model of femur shaft fracture combined with brain injury,and treated with 3-MA of 10 mg/kg by abdominal cavity at 1 hour before making model. Histologic changes and the concentration of related inflammatory factors in the damaged lung tissue were examined at 48 h after opteration, at the same time, the effect of 3-MA on the expression of LC-3 II and Beclin-1 was examined through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with sham group, LC-3 II and Beclin-1 level in control group at 48 h after operation were obviously increased (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, LC-3 II and Beclin-1 level in 3-MA group at 48 h after operation were obviously decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with sham group, the level of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in control group obviously enhanced (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, above items in 3-MA group was obviously lower (P < 0.01). Compared with control group,the histopathological damage of lung in 3-MA group obviously reduced (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAutophagy can aggravate the acute lung injury caused by fracture of shaft of femur combined with brain injuries,but 3-MA can reduce tissue damage by inhibiting the autophagy and inflammatory response.

Acute Lung Injury ; prevention & control ; Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; analysis ; Beclin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Lung ; chemistry ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis