Objective: To study predictive factors of chronic hydrocephalus among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods;Thirty two patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were retrospectively studied. Results;The morbidities of chronic hydrocephalus between patients were more than 60 years old and less than 60 years old, Hunt-Hess grade III - V and I -II , posterior circulation aneurisms and anterior communicating artery aneurisms and the other aneurisms, time of bleeding were significantly different statistically ( P

The cultivation of clinical ability is also very important for postgraduate students in neurosurgery besides the cultivating of innovative scientific research ability and the quality-ori-ented education.We think that attention should be paid to issues such as emphasizing the educa-tion in humanities and the cultivation of good medical ethics and medical style,stressing the training of medical communication capability,re-teaching of basic neurosurgical knowledge,im-proving basic clinical skills,and strengthening the cultivation of scientific clinical thinking.

Objective To explore the microsurgical technique in managing medial sphenoid ridge meningioma.Methods The clinical data of 23 cases of medial sphenoidal ridge meningioma were analyzed retrospectively.The main points of microsurgical treatment of medial sphenoid ridge meningioma were discussed.Results Of 23 cases of medial sphenoid ridge meningiomas,total removal was made in 15 cases,subtotal removal in 6 cases and partial removal in 2 cases.The microsurgical outcomes were satisfactory in all the patients and no patients died.Conclusion The microsurgery via the pterional approach to the medial sphenoid ridge meningiomas can greatly heighten total resection rate of the tumors.Total resection of the tumor depends on its position,character and degree of edema of surrounding tissues.Palliative operations combined with postoperative radiotherapy should be carried out for treating the tumors that can only be subtotally and partially removed.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of invasive pituitary adenoma.Methods The clinical presentations,imaging studies and surgical outcomes in 62 patients with invasive pituitary adenomas and 78 patients with noninvasive pituitary adenomas were analyzed retrospectively.Results Invasive pituitary adenomas were more common in patients with macroadenomas than those with microadenomas(P

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of silencing ATP1A1 gene on invasion ability of human U251 glioma cells.Methods The human U251 glioma cells were infected with lentivirus expressing shRNA-ATP1A1.The mRNA and protein expression of ATP1A1 in U251 glioma cells was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively.The proliferation of U251 glioma cells was determined by MTT assay.The migration and invasion ability were detected by cell scratch test and Transwell chamber.The protein expression of matrix metallo proteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in U251 glioma cells were detected by Western blot.Results The mRNA and protein expression of ATP1A1 in the silence group were significantly inhibited,The ability of proliferation, migration and invasion were also significantly inhibited (P<0.05),The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also significantly reduced,there was a significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions RNA interference targeting ATP1A1 gene can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma U251 cells.The mechanism might be related to the down-reguLation of MMP-9 and MMP-2.ATP1A1 can be used as a potential target for the treatment of glioma.

Objective To explore the effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on cell multiplication and apoptosis at exposure coverage and marginal zone and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis of subcutaneous neurogliocytoma in nude mice. Methods Eighteen nude mice bearing subcutaneous human neurogliocytoma were consecutively ablated in 20s by an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and focal intensity 2500W/cm2). The 18 nude mice were randomly di?vided into 7 d group,14 d group and 30 d group according to sacrifice date. Immunohistochemical method, TdT-mediat?ed dUTP nick end labeling method were used to examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and prolifer?ating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone, respectively. Results The expression of VEGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were evident at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone in 7, 14 and 30 days after ablation. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis were absent at exposure coverage in 7,14 and 30 days after ablation. The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (23.79%± 3.11% vs. 46.16%± 2.43%) in 7 d after ablation (F=110.03,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was also lower (10.94%±3.95%) in exposure coverage than in normal zone (46.16%±2.43%) in 7 d af?ter ablation (F=272.80,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (17.17%±2.89%vs. 43.47%±3.77%) in 14 d after ablation (F=152.05,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (9.27%± 2.08%vs. 44.58%± 3.34%) in 30 d after ablation (F=274.1,P<0.05 2). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index(PCNA LI) was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone ((33.04%±4.31%vs. 65.15%±3.85%) in 7 d after ablation (F=242.46, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (21.05%± 1.96%vs. 62.99%± 3.34%) in 14 d after ablation (F=413.52, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (6.36%± 0.51% vs. 62.07%± 18.07%) in 30 d after ablation, (F=729.59, P<0.05) .The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (26.10%±4.54%vs. 1.43%±0.35%) in 7 d after ablation, (F=216.22, P<0.05). The apoptotic index(AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (65.70%± 1.14% vs. 1.82%± 0.31%) in 14d after ablation (F=1448.64, P<0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (82.02%± 3.98% vs. 2.52%± 0.29%) in 30d after ablation (F=2244.33, P<0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and fo?cal intensity 2500W/cm2) can completely ablate neurogliocytoma at exposure coverage and inhibit the proliferation of neurogliocytoma at marginal zone. Thus, HIFU may be a new and selective treatment for neurogliocytoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17(IL-17) and complement cleavage fragment C5a and the regulation effect of C5a on the expression of IL-17 during renal allograft rejection .Methods The frequency of IL-17+ T cell in peripheral blood and the expression of IL-17 in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) after C5a stimulation in renal transplant recipients were measured by flow cytometry and the changes of serum C5a level was detected by ELISA ,respectively .Im-munohistochemistry was applied to detect and compare the expression of IL-17 and the deposition of C5b-9 in normal renal tissues and renal tissues with allograft rejection .The difference of IL-17 expression in HK2 cells before and after the recombinant C5a stimulation was detected by immunocytochemistry .Results Both the percentage of IL-17+ T cells and serum C5a levels were sig-nificantly increased after the allogeneic renal transplantation .Compared with normal renal tissues ,both the deposition of C5b-9 and the IL-17 expression in renal tissues with allograft rejection was remarkably up-regulated ,which showed the positive correlation be-tween them .The expression of IL-17 in HK2 was obviously up-regulated by the recombinant C5a stimulation .Conclusion C5a may positively regulate the expression of IL-17 by tubular epithelial cells during the renal allograft rejection .

This article shared opinions on how to effective educate clinical type postgraduates in department of neurosurgery based on the teaching models in the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing medical university. In the proposed training program,medical ethics education and comprehensive training including clinical thinking and practical skills training should be emphasized.Scientific inquisitiveness of the neurological research and the writing and oral communication in English should also be promoted.This training program will be fully committed to produce highly qualified,ethical and caring neurosurgeons for future needs of the society.

Objective To explore the efficiency,safety and suitable dosage of the non-invasive treatment of malignant gliomas with high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU).Methods An extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7 MHz transducer(focal length: 4.5 mm,focal intensity: 2 500 W/cm~(2)) was used.Fifteen resected human malignant gliomas were randomly assigned to receive HIFU ablation for 10,20,30 s.After the treatment,the exposure coverage and marginal zone were collected and examined by HE staining and electron microscope.Results Exposure coverage and margin was safe in 10 s group.Typical coagulation necrosis was detected at exposure coverage with no detectable change at margin in 20 s group.Typical coagulation necrosis was seen at both exposure coverage and margin in 30 s group.Conclusion Under the parameters used in this study,20 s is a beneficial therapeutic dosage.HIFU is an accurate method for malignant gliomas ablation.

Objective To study protein variation between PtenL/LMEFs and Pten△/△MEFs cells.Methods Two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) was employed to compare the differential expression proteins between PtenL/LMEFs and Pten△/△MEFs cells.Six differential expression proteins were digested in gel by enzyme and the mass of generated peptides was measured by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS).The data obtained from peptide mass fingerprinting(PMF) were searched using the Internet available database and five proteins were identified.Results Compared with that of PtenL/LMEFs,expression level of proteins including phosphoglycerate mutase 1(PGAM1) and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C(PPIC) was up-regulated,whereas expression level of Transgelin 2 was down-regulated in Pten△/△MEFs cells.B and F proteins were both identified to be peroxiredoxin-6.They had similar molecular weight but different PI which might be caused by post-translation modification.B protein was only expressed in Pten△/△MEFs cells.Conclusion The protein profile of Pten△/△MEFs cells displayed obvious difference compared to that of PtenL/LMEFs cells.The results implied that various distinct different proteins might lead to cancer.