Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the characteristics of high malignancy and poor prognosis.Liver transplantation and hepatectomy are applied in a small portion of patients with localized disease.Due to the hidden onset,HCC is usually diagnosed at an intermediate-advanced stage or with advancing cirrhosis.In most cases,various non-operative treatments are applied,including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE),local ablation,radiotherapy and molecular targeted drugs.The therapeutic effect of non-surgical treatments is not always ideal because the incidence of recurrence and metastasis after treatment is high.It also may be associated with treatment resistance of HCC to non-operative treatments.Optimizing the current management schemes has great significance in improving patients' quality of life and prolonging their survival.

The training of clinical skill is closely linked with medical personnel education.However,traditional paper-type training materials were unable to meet the training needs.As a new type of training materials,trial-and-error video-type clinical skill training materials (abbreviated as TEVT clinical skill training materials) have gradually attracted attention with its characteristics of lively and interesting,potentially informative,high acceptance among students,the advantages' of stimulating students' initiative exploration and consideration,fostering students' critical spirit and humanities.On the basis of analyzing the advantages' of TEVT training materials,we discussed the developing specialties of TEVT clinical skill training materials from four aspects as the material orientation and the application object,material sources,constructing the developing team and editing the teaching materials.Furthermore,we reflected the application prospect of TEVT clinical skill training materials in the future,in order to explore an available implementation path for the development of TEVT clinical skill training materials.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between qi and blood quantity in the twelve meridians and musculature,and enrich the theory of meridian doctrine.Methods: By summarizing classic literatures on qi and blood quantity in the twelve meridians and musculature,and combining with clinical practice,the relationship between qi and blood quantity in the twelve meridians and musculature was analyzed and the directive effect of qi and blood quantity in the twelve meridians on diseases of musculature was investigated.Results: Qi and blood in the twelve meridians moisten and nourish the musculature,on the other hand,the musculature also influence the quality of qi and blood.Conclusion: Treatment for diseases of musculature with acupuncture and moxibustion can be perfected by the theory of qi and blood quantity in the twelve meridians,then,the curative effect can also be improved.

Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Mastoiditis ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Purpose:To invastigate the changes of the related signaling pathways and it's mechanism of reguation of mitogen activated protein kinase cascade(MAPK) by SUM149 cells induced plasmid of dominant-negative E-cadherin mutant H-2k~d-E-cadherin.Methods:Using western blot method,we examined the signal pathway of mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) between the dominant-negative mutant E-cadherin transfected SUM149 cells and controls.Results:Compared with the controls,the phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase P44/42 expresion of the SUM149 cells which expressed higher dominant-negative mutant E-cadherin was significantly down-regulated.Conclusions:In this cell line model,the down-regulation of P44/42 may involve the regulation of MMPs.

Objective To observe the expression of protein kinase C(PKC)isoforms in pulmonary artery of chronic inflammatory pulmonary hypertension(PHT)rats.Methods Chronic inflammatory PHT model rats were established induced by monocrotaline(MCT).Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression of four PKC isoforms(PKC?,PKC?Ⅱ,PKC? and PKC?)in pulmonary arteries of rats during the development of PHT.Results The values of mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index increased significantly after the injection of MCT,which suggested successful formation of PHT.Western blotting analysis showed that PKC?,PKC?Ⅱ and PKC? isoforms were presented in pulmonary arteries of normal and PHT rats,while PKC? isoform was not detected.The expressions of PKC? in both cytosolic and membranous fractions increased within 14 days,and decreased a little during the development of PHT.But the increase of PKC? in cytosolic fraction was much more obvious than that in membranous fraction.The highest expression of both PKC?Ⅱ and PKC? in cytosolic fractions appeared at the eighth day,while the expression of both isoforms in membranous fraction went up continuously.Conclusions PKC?,PKC?Ⅱ and PKC? isoforms were involved in the development of chronic inflammatory PHT.The changes of their expression might be the results of PKC isoforms translocation which is related to the proliferation regulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

Objective To introduce the clinical significance and pathophysiologic aspects of the circulatory and cardiac complications in terminal stage cirrhosis.Methods Recently relevant literatures were reviewed and summarized.Results Haemodynamic changes in cirrhosis arose on the basis of combined humoral and nervous dysregulation,with abnormalities in cardiovascular regulation,volume distribution and cardiac performance.Conclusion Comprehending the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications will contribute a lot for the treatment of terminal stage cirrhosis.

砄bjective:To investigate the variation of nm23 H1 gene structure and its expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to study the relationship between nm23 H1 expression and OSCC metastasis to neck lymph nodes.Methods: nm23 H1 gene in the samples of 30 cases of OSCC,7 of normal oral mucous tissue,human OSCC cell line TSCCa and human oral metastatic cancer cell line GNM was extracted and amplified by PCR. PCR products were investegated with SSCP analysis; nm23 m RNA level in the samples was studied by in situ hybridization.The relationship between mRNA expression and metastasis to neck lymph nodes was analyzed statistically.Results: All samples showed no change in nm23 H1 gene structure except deletion in one case of OSCC;7 out of 9 cases with metastasis to neck lymph nodes showed no hybridization signal of nm23 H1 mRNA,however,only 5 were found no nm23 H1 mRNA in 21 cases without metastasis,positive rate of nm23 H1 expression in GNM cells was lower than that in TSCCa (41.2% versus 63.1%);The expression of nm23 H1 gene showed significant negative relationship with neck lymph nodes metastasis ( P

Objective: To isolate and characterize the highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells with stem cell features from the established human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The cell subtypes were separated by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) technique. The stem cell-related markers on the isolated cells were detected by using flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The tumorigenic potent of the isolated cells was evaluated via the transplantation into NOD-SCID mice. Results: A novel cell subtype was identified in A 549 and SPC-A1 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. These cells were characterized as a phenotype of CD 24+ IGF-1R+, possessed the property of high invasiveness and high tumorigenesis. Tumor could be induced in NOD-SCID mice by transplantation of CD 24+IGF-1R+ cells at 100 cells per mouse. The tumorigenicity of CD 24+IGF-1R+ cells had 1000-fold increase compared with CD 24-IGF-1R- cells. In addition, the CD 24+IGF-1R+ cells expressed embryonic stem cell markers (OCT 4 and Bmi-1) and lung stem cell markers (CCSP, SP-C, TTF-1, and Gremlin), suggesting that they had the features identical to the bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASC) in the lung of mice. These cells also exhibited autonomous growth features and could be cultured in serum-free conditions for a long time. Conclusion: The CD 24+IGF-1R+ cells in human lung adeocarcinoma belongs to the BASC-like cancer stem cells.

Objective To explore the expression and activation of nuclear transcription factor ?B(NF ?B) in human breast cancer (BC), and the relationship between the activity of NF ?B and malignant potential of BC. Methods The protein expression of NF ?B p65 in BC tissue and paratumor tissue were measured by Western blot; NF ?B DNA binding activity was examined by electrophoretic motility shift assay(EMSA)in 26 BC tissues and 12 paratumor tissues of BC.Results The levels of NF ?B p65 protein and NF ?B DNA binding activity in the tumor tissue were higher than those in the paratumor tissues(P