Objective To investigate the correlation between electrogastrogram and gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients.Methods Fifty-one patients with FD were detected by polygraf ID 4-channel electrogastrogram(EGG) analysis system and solid radiopaque marker 5 h after a solid meal.Results 31.4％ (16/51) patients showed delayed gastric emptying(GE),and 72.5％(37/51) patients showed abnormal EGG.The rate of GE between normal EGG patients and abnormal EGG patients had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).In patients who had both abnormal EGG and delayed GE,EGG abnormality mainly exhibited dysrhythmia and the dominant frequency of EGG was normal.Some patients also exhibited non enhanced postprandial dominant power.The rate of GE among mild,moderate and severe symptom patients had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The rate of abnormal EGG in severe symptom patients was significantly higher than that in mild and moderate symptom patients [92.9％ (13/14) vs.62.5％ (10/16),66.7％(14/21)] (P ＜0.05).The rate of abnormal EGG in mild and moderate symptom patients had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The rate of GE between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive patients and Hp negative patients had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The rate of abnormal EGG in Hp positive patients was significantly higher than that in Hp negative patients [90.0％ (18/20) vs.61.3％ (19/31)] (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of GE and the rate of abnormal EGG had no significant difference between patients with and without active gastritis(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of EGG plays an important role in the pathogenesis of FD.There is no significant relationship between EGG and GE.The patients with severe symptom and with Hp positive have higher abnormal EGG percentage.Gastritis has no significant correlation with EGG or GE.

Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; classification ; pathology

This paper introduces the design and application of cost accounting system for large medical equipment.It is very important in innovation management of large medical equipment.

This paper introduces the design,function implementation of the costbenefit analysis of large medical equipment in HIS.The modern economic management of large medical equipment has been accomplished partly through this system.

This paper introduces the costbenefit analysis of large medical equipments in HIS. Modern economic management of large medical equipments has been accomplished partly.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the representative cases of large-scale mergers and acquisitions in the global pharmaceutical industry in order to form a reference for domestic pharmaceutical companies to use for reference in the scientific development of M&A strategy and transformation.METHODS: By reviewing relevant literature and information at home and abroad, and combining specific case studies, the status and trends of mergers and acquisitions in the global pharmaceutical industry in recent years were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, the number of mergers and acquisitions cases in the global pharmaceutical industry is numerous, and the amount involved in mergers and acquisitions is relatively large. From 2013 to 2015, the number and amount of M&A transactions in global pharmaceutical companies are on the rise. In 2015, it became the year of mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry. This shows that some pharmaceutical companies are facing patent expiration of their major profitable products. The new drug development process has encountered many difficulties and faced pressure to expand product lines, expand market share, and increase core competitiveness, further contributing to corporate mergers and reorganizations. From 2016 to 2017, the number and amount of M&A transactions declined, and M&A activities were different from the target audience, M&A motives and methods, and the companies were more cautious. This article discusses mergers and acquisitions trends in the global pharmaceutical industry, major businesses involved in mergers and acquisitions, and active pharmaceutical companies and their characteristics, and analyzes the development trends of global pharmaceutical industry mergers and acquisitions for domestic pharmaceutical companies and industry managers to reference.

Objective To establish the technique of biphasic seeding of articular chondrocyte s in vitro for cartilage engineering in u sing a self designed biological gel a nd the three-dimensional scaffold a nd observe the efficiency of cartilage regeneration in vitro-tissue engin eered articular cartilage from cell scaffold complex.Methods The articular chondrocytes were iso lated enzymatically from the epiphyseal cartilage of young rabbits,and were then plated i nto the tissue culture flasks and were cultivated.The first passage ar-ticular chondrocytes were collecte d and mixed fully with the self-made l iquid biological gel-matrix at appr oxi-mately 2.5?10 7 cells /ml to form cell-gel fluid.The cell-gel fluid was dropped into the p orous CPPf /PLLA(calcium polyphosphate fiber /poly -L -lactic acid)scaffold,and a cell-gel-scaffold c omplex was formed after being solidified.The complexes were cultivated for 4weeks.The changes of complexes in morphology and synthesis of collagen typeⅡandⅠand aggregates were investigated under the gross and the phase and light microscope.The GAG sulfate content in complexes was quantitatively mea sured by the modified dimethyl-methylene blue method.Results1)After feeded,the porous CPPf /PLLA s caffolds were completely filled with the liquid chondrocyte-gel and the chondrocyte-gel-scaffold comp lexes were well formed by solidification.During the cultivation,the complex es could keep its original shape and m aintain the stable homogeneous three-dimensional distribution of chondrocytes in themselves without cell falling.In the same time,the com-plexes were gradually increasing th e consistency with the elasticity an d lubrication surface.2)The chondro-genesis began in the periphery area a nd extended to the central area of the complexes with the passage of cultivation period.After the 2nd we ek,the complexes were gradually reorganized into the mature engineered cartilage with typical cartilaginous histological structure,with ric h typeⅡcollagen and the strong typical het-erochromia to toluidine blue,but wi th gradually fading negative immunological stain of collagen typeⅠ.Meantime,the scaffold was graduall y de-graded in the complexes.The average content of GAG sulfate in the enginee red cartilages at 4th week was(15.70?2.00)mg /g(wet weight ),and was over 30%of the natural articular cartila ge.Conclusion The technique of chondrocytes biphasic seeding for three-dimensional scaffold has advantages of simple manipulation,fix ing cell stably in the scaffold,main-taining the original shape of the com plexes and the stable homogeneous th ree-dimensional distribution of chondrocytes in the scaffold,and ad vancing the regeneration and matura tion of tissue-engineered articula r cartilage.[

Objective To establish the methods of efficiently isolating chondrocytes from epiphyseal cartilage and observe the basic biological characteristics of the cultured ones. Methods The improved isolation method through three-step enzymatic digestion using 1 g/L trypsase in 1 g/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 g/L hyaluronidase and 2 g/L type Ⅰ collagenase was established to isolate the primary passage chondrocytes from epiphyseal cartilage of young rabbits and its efficiency evaluated. The cellular biological characteristics of the chondrocytes were observed under the inverted and light microscopes. Results (1) All chondrocytes were isolated from the matrix after it was completely digested by three above-mentioned enzymes. The harvested chondrocytes significantly and positively correlated with the wet weight of cartilage. The number of chondrocytes from 1 g of wet cartilage was 32.3?106 with a viability of 97.6% on average. (2) The chondrocytes of the primary and the first passages showed triangle or multi-angle shapes (oval during growth and fusion) with the positive immunohistochemical stain of collagen type Ⅱ and the strong heterochromia to toluidine blue. The chondrocytes after the third passage became spindle-shaped with the negative stain of collagen type Ⅱ and the weak heterochromia to toluidine blue. Conclusions (1) The chondrocyte-isolating method through three-step enzymatic digestion has advantages of high efficiency in harvesting primary chondrocytes, high cellular viability and simple manipulation. (2) The chondrocytes differentiate and lose their special phenotypes gradually with passage.

Objective To observe the effect of PDK ( phosphoinositol -3-kinase, PI3K)/Akt-Nrf2 (Nuclear factor -E2 related factor) signal pathway on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in the bronchial epithelial cells of rats treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Methods The bronchial epithelial cells were dealt with 10% concentration of CSE for different time and pretreated with PI3k inhibitor (LY294002). The expressions of Nrf2,p-Akt and γ-GCS proteins were examined by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot. The expressions of γ-GCS mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Reduced glutathione(GSH) content and the lev-el of γ-CCS activi-ty were examined. Results GSH content in CSElh group was significantly decreased, but still higher in CSE3 and 6 groups compared to the control. Nrf2 protein mainly located in the cytoplasm. Nrf2 plasmosin mainly increased in the nucleus in control group, and Nrf2 nucleic protein significantly enhanced in CSE1, 3 and 6 groups. P-Akt protein was up-regulated at lh, reached its peak at 3h, declined slightly at 6h after exposure to CSE. The tendency of the percentage of p-Akt positive cells was as same as p-Akt protein. γ-GCS mRNA, protein and activity, gradually increased in CSE lh, CSE 3h,CSE 6h groups. Pretreated with LY294002, the expression of p-Akt protein was markedly decreases, while Nrf2 plasmosin expressed strongly, and γ-GCS mRNA, protein, activity and GSH content were significantly decreased compared to CSE3h group. Linear correlation analysis demonstrated that there were a positive correlation among Nrf2 and γ-GCS,γ-GCS activity, and among p-Akt and Nrf2,GSH,γ-GCS,γ-GCS activity. Conclusion P13K/Akt signal path might participate in Nrf2 nuclear translocation via regulating the expression of γ-GCS.

Adult ; Angina Pectoris ; etiology ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; Bradycardia ; etiology ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Humans ; Prosthesis Failure