Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the characteristics of high malignancy and poor prognosis.Liver transplantation and hepatectomy are applied in a small portion of patients with localized disease.Due to the hidden onset,HCC is usually diagnosed at an intermediate-advanced stage or with advancing cirrhosis.In most cases,various non-operative treatments are applied,including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE),local ablation,radiotherapy and molecular targeted drugs.The therapeutic effect of non-surgical treatments is not always ideal because the incidence of recurrence and metastasis after treatment is high.It also may be associated with treatment resistance of HCC to non-operative treatments.Optimizing the current management schemes has great significance in improving patients' quality of life and prolonging their survival.

To investigate the effects of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) on cardiovascular autonomic nervous systems in essential hypertensive (EH) patients by comparing heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in EH patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Simultaneous 24-h recordings of ambulatory ECG and blood pressure monitoring were performed in 36 male old patients with simple EH and 33 male old patients with EH combined with T2DM. HRV analysis included time domain parameters such as SDNN, SDANN, SDNNi, rMSSD and pNN50, and total spectral power (TP) of HRV, which mainly consists of VLF, LF and HF component along with LF/HF ratio, was also obtained. The value of ambulatory blood pressure was represented as the mean blood pressure (mean systolic/mSBP, diastolic/mDBP and pulse pressure/mPP) during different periods (24 h/24 h, day time/d and night time/n). Standard deviation (SD) as well as coefficient of variance (CV) of blood pressure during each above-mentioned period were obtained to reflect the long-term BPV. Our result showed that SDNN, SDNNi, SDANN, rMSSD, PNN50, TP and HF of HRV in cases of EH with T2DM were all significantly lower than those in simple EH subjects (P<0.05). No significant differences in VLF or LF was found between the two groups (P>0.05), while LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in EH with T2DM patients than in simple EH subjects (P<0.01). Moreover, dmSBP, 24 h-mPP and dmPP were all significantly higher in EH with T2DM patients than in simple EH subjects (P<0.05), while nmSBP, 24 h-mSBP, 24 h-mDBP, dmDBP, nmDBP or nmPP showed no significant difference between this two groups of patients (P>0.05). And dSBPSD, dSBPCV and 24 h-SBPSD were all significantly higher in EH with T2DM patients than in simple EH subjects (P<0.05), while the other BPV indexes showed no significant difference between this two groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that the cardiovascular autonomic nervous systems in EH patients was further impaired by T2DM, displaying lowering of HRV and enlargement of BPV, which in turn induced abnormal structural and functional changes of cardiovascular systems. Therefore, improving cardiovascular autonomic nervous systems might reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular complications in the EH patients with IGM.

ObjectiveTo observate the effect on transparency of lens anterior capsules in the lensectomy after lens epithelia were removed or preserved.Methods12 blocking rabbits were selected.Right eyes were experimental eyes,left eyes were control ones.Experimental eyes were operated by lensectomy, which lens anterior capsules were preserved and the lens epithelia of those eyes were removed,control eyes were operated by same method,but the epithelia of these eyes were preserved.The transparent degree of lens anterior capsules in both groups was observed.Both eyes of those rabbits were enucleated and examinated by scanning electron microscope after 3 months.ResultsThe transparent degree of lens anterior capsules in both group eyes was not significant difference(P>0.05).There were not preservation and proliferation of the epithelia under the lens anterior capsules in the experimental eyes after 3 months,and there were still the epithelia existed and its monolayer structure kept in the control eyes.ConclusionThe transparent degree of anterior capsules after lensectomy in both groups is not obviously different

s To some extent, liberal education is a kind of cultivation. In essence, cultivation and purification are two of the ways of the transformation of human beings, each with its own doctrine and the subsequent applicability. A comparative research between cultivation and purification is made in the article. Based upon the demarcation between the two categories, the author has expounded his own understanding on the idea of the Confucian cultivation in the context of the liberal education in current Chinese university.

Education is social activities that aim to directly impact the physical and mental development of person.And its core value is talent civilization.Generally,universities and colleges have three basic functions,among which cultivating talents is the most fundamental task.Teachers are the professional personnel who carry out the duties of education,and their mission is teaching and cultivating.But there are many unsuitable factors that have been limiting the realization of the mission of universities and colleges.The steps should be taken from thoughts,concepts,regulations and surroundings to make the teachers play dominant roles in the process of teaching and cultivating.

The cultivation of clinical ability is also very important for postgraduate students in neurosurgery besides the cultivating of innovative scientific research ability and the quality-ori-ented education.We think that attention should be paid to issues such as emphasizing the educa-tion in humanities and the cultivation of good medical ethics and medical style,stressing the training of medical communication capability,re-teaching of basic neurosurgical knowledge,im-proving basic clinical skills,and strengthening the cultivation of scientific clinical thinking.

Objective To explore the mechanism and effect of Double-lumen Y-shaped tube treating patients with cerebral hemorrhage through irrigation and drainage at low temperature fluid.Methods Patients with cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into treatment group(27 cases) and control group(27 cases).All patients in two groups were treated with routine therapy and small bone flap craniotomy.Patients in control group were received treatment of single-lumen tube,while in treatment group were received treatment of double-lumen Y-shaped tube through irrigation and drainage at low temperature fluid (18-20℃).Neuron-specific enolase (NSE),tympanic temperature,NIHSS score and Barthel score were measured and analyzed respectively.Results Tympanic temperature at before treatment,2 days after treatment,l day after tube remove in treatment group were (37.6 ±0.8),(34.1 ±0.6),(37.1 ±0.6) ℃ respectively,and those in control group were (37.5 ± 0.9),(37.9 ± 1.1),(37.3 ± 0.7) ℃ respectively.NSE level and NIHSS score at pre-treatment,7th days and 14th days treatment were ((27.6 ±6.5),(21.8 ±6.1),(12.1 ±5.7)) μ,g/L,((17.8 ±4.3),(14.6±3.9),(11.1 ±3.1)) in treatment group and ((27.2 ±5.9),(29.3 ±5.6),(20.0 ±6.3)) μg/L,((17.1 ± 4.5),(16.1 ± 4.6),(15.0 ± 2.9)) in control group respectively.There were significant difference between two groups at different time(F within group =189.7,F interaction =17.12,F between group =18.41 ;F within group =53.88,F interaction =33.21,F between group =37.94 ; F within group =18.66,F interaction =12.91,F between group =13.76,P ＜0.001).Tympanic temperature reached level of mild hypothermia after 2 days in treatment group.NSE level and NIHSS score reached the lowest values after 14 days in treatment group.Barthel score after 30 days and 90 days treatment were (56.5 ± 15.3),(86.6 ± 13.9) in treatment group and (45.3 ±12.9),(72.3 ± 14.2) in control group.There were significant difference between two groups at different time (F within group =50.38,F interaction =78.53,F between group =79.92,P ＜ 0.001).Barthel score reached the highest level after 90 days in treatment group.Conclusion Dual chamber Y shape pipe application on cerebral hemorrhage after continuous low temperature washing plays the role in local mild hypothermia.Meanwhile it also can decrease the concentration of NSE,alleviate cerebral injury,and then improve the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the complication and its treatment method of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).Methods The clinical data of 137 patients with PCNL,were retrospectively analyzed statistical analysis of complications.Results In 137 cases of PCNL,83 cases were male,54 cases were female; 103 cases of kidney stones,ureteral calculi in 34 cases,including 24 cases of ureteral calculi with renal calculi.All patients were cured,no patients died;complications occurred in 9 cases,in which the puncture failure in 1 case,renal hemorrhage in 5 cases,postoperative arteriovenous fistula in 1 case,infection in 2 cases.Conclusion PCNL is minimally invasive,effective,but still had more serious complications.We should strengthen the prevention and cure measures.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was first discovered over 50 years ago, and is currently applied clinically in diagnosis, effects evaluation and relapse judgement of tumors especially for the primary hepatocellular carcinomas.And as an effective tumor marker, AFP test has become one of the essential items in physical examination.However, its clinical application is not limited to primary hepatocellular carcinomas,and its great application value has been proved in many benign diseases and other tumors (non-hepatic carcinomas).