Background: Lead is known for their neurotoxicity and compared to adults, children are more vulnerable to lead exposure. Varieties of diseases are developed by lead induced damage in children, including decreased intelligent quotient and behavioral changes, such as anxiety. In normal condition lead does not exist in children’s blood and this toxic heavy metal enters into human body through respiratory way and accumulates in blood and bone to harm neurodegenerative and urinary systems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether the emitted lead from recycling factory for lead acid batteries, which is located in 9 km distance from Khonkhor town and 39 km faraway from Ulaanbaatar city with north-east direction, is affecting the intelligence of the local children. Methods: There are 13 children involved in this study and the participants are divided into two groups, including subjects, who live in areas outside (n=10) and within (n=3) the 1000 m region of the factory zone. The blood sampling was collected according to WHO guidelines and lead level in blood was determined by Leadcare instruments at Environmental health and toxicological laboratory of National Center for Public Health. The intelligence analysis was conducted by Raven’s progressive matrices test. And the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21 software to assess correlation of blood lead levels and the intelligence among participated children. Results: It is resulted that average lead level for children’s blood samples is 3.1±1.5 ug/dL and which is found beyond the acceptable range in WHO guidelines. The children’s intelligence was assessed by Raven’s colored Progressive Matrices analysis, which is practically accepted in China, which estimated that average intelligence score of participants were 48.3±13.2. According to correlation analysis of age, sex, intelligence and blood lead level, there was a weak positive correlation was found between children’s age and lead level in blood. In contrast, a weak reverse correlation was observed in regarding with sex and blood lead level and intelligence score was weakly reverse correlated with the lead level in children’s blood samples. Conclusions The determined average lead level was 3.1±1.5 ug/dL for blood samples collected from 13 children who involved in this study and the value is found under the WHO guidance value. Furthermore, their average intelligence score was estimated as 48.3±13.2. The comparative analysis shown that intelligence score of 3 children, who lives within 1000 m region of the recycling factory was lower than those who lives in outside region of the factory and have same age.

Background: Accreditation of healthcare institutions serves as a fundamental mechanism for ensuring patient safety and validating the quality of medical services provided to the population. At Intermed Hospital, a quality measurement system for healthcare services has been established since 2015, encompassing 126 quality indicators at both institutional and departmental levels. This system facilitates continuous quality improvement efforts. In this context, quality indicators specific to the endoscopy department play a pivotal role in objectively assessing the quality of endoscopic services. Aim: To assess the quality indicators in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted by collecting data from the Intermed hospital’s electronic information systems which included HIS and PACS and Quality and Safety Department’s Database and the results were processed using the SPSS software. Ethical approval was granted by the Intermed hospital’s Scientific research committee. The quality of endoscopic services in the Intermed hospital was assessed based on: a) the average values of four quality indicators measured monthly; b) sample survey data from five categories of quality indicators. Results : Between 2016 and 2024, the quality indicators of the endoscopy unit measured as the level of early warning score evaluations for patients was 95.97%±3.33, the level of cases where peripheral blood oxygen saturation decreased during sedation was 1.54%±3.78, the level of cases where patients experienced paradoxiical response during sedation was 5.82%±1.75, surveillance culturing level for validation of endoscopy reprocessing was 11.6%. The endoscopic documentation quality by peer review showed 95.7-100%, the colonoscopy quality indicators were followings as adenoma detection rate: 24.5% Cecal intubation rate: 99.1%, 95.2%, Colonoscope withdrawal average time: 13.28±10.62 minutes, Bowel preparation quality (Boston Scale): 89.3% 95.7%), patient discharge from the recovery room, Average discharge time post-procedure: With propofol alone: 30.92 minutes; With propofol and fentanyl combined: 31.52 minutes, The intermediate risk was 0.28% by the TROOPS evaluation during procedural sedation. Conclusion The quality benchmark levels for these endoscopic units, as determined by a single-center study, can be effectively implemented by benchmark endoscopy centers to enhance their quality and safety operations.