Gallic Acid/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Senotherapeutics ; Stem Cells

The anti-endotoxic effect of syringic acid (SA) isolated from Radix Isatidis (Banlangen, BLG) was studied. SA was extracted and isolated from BLG and diluted into 1% solution. The content of SA-pretreated endotoxin (ET) was quantitatively determined using Limulus test. The ability of fever induction of ET pretreated with SA was measured using endotoxin-induced fever test in rabbits. The LPS-induced death in mice pretreated with and without SA was compared. Results showed that after pretreatment with SA, 83.16% of ET was destroyed, the ET-induced fever in rabbits relieved markedly and the LPS-induced death rate in mice dropped from 68% to 20%. It was concluded that SA isolated from BLG had anti-endotoxic effects.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Endotoxemia/blood ; Endotoxins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Escherichia coli ; Gallic Acid/*analogs & derivatives ; Gallic Acid/*pharmacology ; Isatis/*chemistry ; Limulus Test ; Plant Roots/chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory activities of caffeoyl glucopyranoses purified from Balanophora japonica Makino on HIV entry and their mechanism.

METHODSHIV-1 Env pseudovirus was used to evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of those compounds. ELISA and molecular docking were used to study the mechanism of the actions of the active compounds.

RESULTSWe used the HIV-1 Env pseudovirus to test the anti-HIV-1 activity of the six phenolic compounds (final concentration 25 microg/ml), and found that only 1,2,6-Tri-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose (TCGP) and 1,3-Di-O-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-beta-D- glucopyranose (DCGGP) could effectively inhibit the entry of HIV-1 Env pseudovirus into the target cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50) values of 5.5-/+0.2 and 5.3-/+0.1 microg/ml, respectively. These two compounds could also blocked the gp41 six-helix bundle formation. Molecular docking analysis suggested that they might bind to the hydrophobic cavity of the gp41 N-trimeric coiled-coil.

CONCLUSIONTCGP and DCGGP are potent HIV-1 entry inhibitors targeting gp41 and can serve as lead compounds for developing novel anti-HIV-1 microbicides for prevention of sexual HIV-1 transmission.

Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Balanophoraceae ; chemistry ; Cell Line ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore potency material bases of Xuebijing (XBJ) formula, and to analyze its effects at the molecular network level.

METHODSTotally 16 sepsis-related targets were selected and classified into three categories such as inflammation, immune, and coagulation referring to biological roles. Then molecular database of chemical compositions in XBJ formula were constructed to explore mutual actions with inflammation, immune, and coagulation targets.

RESULTSDanshen root and safflower, with more effector molecules with immune and coagulation targets, have extensive anticoagulation and anti-inflammation effects. The former 10 molecules with better mutual actions with sepsis targets were sequenced as tryptophane, danshensu, gallic acid, salvianolic acid D, protocatechuic acid, salvianolic acid A, danshensu C, vanillic acid, rosmarinic acid, phenylalanine. There existed two phenomena in XBJ formula as follows. One component had stronger actions with multi-targets, for example, danshensu had actions with 13 targets. Meanwhile, different components acted on the same target protein, for example, 8 molecules acted with MD-2.

CONCLUSIONXBJ formula had certain potential synergistic effects with sepsis targets, which could provide certain referential roles for findina new type anti-septic drugs.

Caffeic Acids ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gallic Acid ; Hydroxybenzoates ; Inflammation ; Lactates ; Sepsis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of gallic acid against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.

METHODXTT reduction assay was performed to determine the effect of gallic acid on C. albicans biofilms and its adherence, and microscopic examination was conducted to assess the effect of gallic acid on morphogenesis of C. albicans biofilms; and cytotoxic assay was used to measure the adverse effects of gallic acid.

RESULTSMIC50, SMIC50 of gallic acid against C. albicans biofilms were 500, 1000 mg x L(-1), respectively; 100 mg x L(-1) and 1000 mg x L(-1) of gallic acid could inhibit the initial adherence and filamentous growth, and the agent showed poor cytotoxic activity.

CONCLUSIONgallic acid displayed potent activity against C. albicans biofilm.

Biofilms ; drug effects ; Candida albicans ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gallic Acid ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo assess and compare the in vitro anti-oxidative activities among Siwu Decoction Serial Recipes, their composed crude herbs, and main aromatic acids they contained.

METHODSTheir anti-oxidative activities (including Siwu Decoction and correlated recipes such as Taohong Siwu Decoction, Xiangfu Siwu Decoction, Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction, and Xiongqiong Decoction, 16 kinds of crude herbs, and main aromatic acids they contained) were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical clearance method.

RESULTSThe selected five decoctions showed obvious activities of scavenging free radicals. Siwu Decoction was better than other decoctions in scavenging free radicals and Xiongqiong Decoction was the least. Among the 16 kinds of crude herbs, red peony root, white peony root, safflower, ligustici chuanxiong, common aucklandia root showed the strongest activities, while peach seed showed the poorest activities. Among aromatic acids, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid showed obvious anti-oxidative activities in scavenging free radicals, showing obvious dose-effect correlation. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid showed no activities on scavenging free radicals (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSiwu Decoction and aromatic acids contained in correlated decoctions played significant roles in anti-oxidative activities.

Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacology ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacology ; Coumaric Acids ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Gallic Acid ; pharmacology ; Hydroxybenzoates ; pharmacology ; Picrates

The anti-endotoxic effect of syringic acid (SA) isolated from Radix Isatidis (Banlangen, BLG) was studied. SA was extracted and isolated from BLG and diluted into 1% solution. The content of SA-pretreated endotoxin (ET) was quantitatively determined using Limulus test. The ability of fever induction of ET pretreated with SA was measured using endotoxin-induced fever test in rabbits. The LPS-induced death in mice pretreated with and without SA was compared. Results showed that after pretreatment with SA, 83.16% of ET was destroyed, the ET-induced fever in rabbits relieved markedly and the LPS-induced death rate in mice dropped from 68% to 20%. It was concluded that SA isolated from BLG had anti-endotoxic effects.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endotoxemia ; blood ; Endotoxins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Limulus Test ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of chemical compounds extracted from Galla chinensis on enamel surface rehardening in vitro.

METHODSSixty bovine enamel blocks with early carious lesions were randomly divided into six groups: group1 treated NaF (positive control); group2 with GCE; group3 with GCE-B; group4 with GCE-B1; group5 with GCE-B2 and group6 with deionized water (negative control). The lesions were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 days. Surface enamel microhardness was measured on the enamel blocks before and after demineralization. After pH-cycling, and the percentage of surface microhardness recovery (SMHR) was calculated.

RESULTSObvious increase of the surface hardness of the enamel was observed in all the treatments except GCE-B2 and deionized water (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe present study demonstrates the potential of the three GCEs (GCE, GCE-B and GCE-B1) to effect net rehardening of artificial carious lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions.

Animals ; Cattle ; Dental Caries ; drug therapy ; Dental Enamel ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gallic Acid ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Tooth Remineralization

AIMTo investigate the impact of 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) on the change of cerebral blood flow(CBF) induced by 5-HT or KCl in rats.

METHODSThe CBF in rats was measured by a Laser-Doppler flowmeter. The cranial window field was superfused with artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing TMB-8, 5-HT or KCl.

RESULTS12.5, 25 and 50 mumol.L-1 TMB-8 showed no significant effect on rest CBF in rats. 12.5, 25 and 50 mumol.L-1 TMB-8 apparently inhibited the decline of CBF evoked by 1 or 2 mumol.L-1 5-HT. When persistent reduction of CBF were evoked by 1 mumol.L-1 5-HT, TMB-8 markedly increased the CBF in a concentration-dependent manner. The reduction of CBF induced by 20 or 40 mmol.L-1 KCl was also suppressed by 12.5, 25 and 50 mumol.L-1 TMB-8. While persistent reduction of CBF was evoked by 20 mmol.L-1 KCl. TMB-8 markedly increased the CBF in a concentration-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that TMB-8 is effective in preventing and treating the reduction of CBF induced by 5-HT or KCl, and improved the supply of blood in rat brain during ischemia.

Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Potassium Chloride ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regional Blood Flow ; drug effects ; Serotonin Antagonists ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the active constituents in vine stem of Spatholobus suberectus.

METHODThe constituents of Spatholobus suberectus were systematically separated with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated from S. suberectus, and were identified as: ononin (1), pruneitin (2), gallocatechin (3), catechin (4), epicatechin (5), syringic acid (6), vanillic acid (7) and daucosterol (8).

CONCLUSIONCompound 3, 4, 6, 7 were obtained from Spatholobus genus for the first time. Compound 4 has stimulation to proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell.

Animals ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vanillic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification