Background Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a systemic disease with abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix.Researches showed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene is associated with the pathogenesis of XFS in global population.However,the results are varied among different ethnicity and regions.Objective This study aimed to assess the association between LOXL1 gene polymorphisms and XFS in Uygur population.Methods One-hundred and fifty-two Uygur XFS patients without relativeness were enrolled from January to August in 2014,and 228 ethnicity-and gender-matched normal controls were recruited at the same period from the same region.Each individual underwent comprehensive eye examinations and 5 ml peripheral blood was collected.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood.PCR-ligase detection response (LDR) was used to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of the six SNPs rs12914489,rs4886467,rs4558370,rs4461027,rs4886761 and rs16958477 in the promoter region of LOXL1 gene.The distribution frequency between the patients and normal controls was compared by x2 test.Logistic regression analysis was used for age adjustment.This study was approved by Ethic Committe of Xinjiang Medical University,and informed consent was obtained from the subjects.Results rs12914489 site in the normal control group diverged from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P =0.033),and the rs4886467,rs4558370,rs4461027,rs4886761 and rs16958477 sites followed HWE.The frequencies of G allele and GG genotype of rs4886467 in the XFS group were lower than those in the control group (both at P =0.00) and were protective factors of XFS (OR =0.54,95 ％ CI:0.40-0.74,P =0.000;OR=0.51,95％ CI:0.33-0.78,P=0.001);the frequencies of T allele and TT genotype of rs4558370 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR=1.96,95％ CI:1.23-3.11,P =0.004;OR =2.18,95％ CI:1.31-3.64,P =0.002);the frequencies of C allele and CC genotype of rs4461027 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR=2.25,95％ CI:1.67-3.04,P=0.000;OR=3.06,95％ CI:1.89-4.96,P=0.000);the frequencies of T allele and TT genotype of rs4886761 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR=2.44,95％ CI:1.79-3.33,P =0.000;OR =3.02,95％ CI:1.63-5.60,P =0.000);the frequencies of C allele and CC genotype of rs16958477 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR =2.00,95 ％ CI:1.47-2.71,P =0.000;OR =2.37,95 ％ CI:1.31-4.27,P =0.004).Conclusions The SNPs of promoter region of LOXL1 gene are associated with hereditary susceptibility of XFS individually in Uygur population.The SNPs of rs4886467 locus are protective factor,while the SNPs of rs4558370,rs4461027,rs4886761 and rs16958477 locus are risk factors for pathogenesis of XFS.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the influencing factors for medication compliance in patients with comorbidities of chronic diseases, so as to provide the evidence for improving medication compliance. Methods: Literature on influencing factors for medication compliance in patients with comorbidities of chronic diseases were retrived from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase from inception to January 20, 2024. After independent literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment by two researchers, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 softwares. Literature were excluded one by one for sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Results: Initially, 7 365 relevant articles were retrieved, and 35 of them were finally included, with a total sample size of about 150 000 individuals. There were 30 cross-sectional studies and 5 cohort studies; and 11 high-quality studies and 24 medium-quality studies. The meta-analysis showed that the demographic factors of lower level of education (OR=2.148, 95%CI: 1.711-2.696), lower economic income (OR=1.897, 95%CI: 1.589-2.264), male (OR=0.877, 95%CI: 0.782-0.985), living alone (OR=2.833, 95%CI: 1.756-4.569) and unmarried (OR=2.784, 95%CI: 1.251-6.196); the medication treatment factors of polypharmacy (OR=1.794, 95%CI: 1.190-2.706), potentially inappropriate medication (OR=2.988, 95%CI: 1.527-5.847), low frequency of daily medication (OR=0.533, 95%CI: 0.376-0.754) and adverse drug reactions (OR=3.319, 95%CI: 1.967-5.602); the disease factors of long course of disease (OR=2.118, 95%CI: 1.643-2.730), more comorbidities (OR=1.667, 95%CI: 1.143-2.431) and cognitive impairment (OR=2.007, 95%CI: 1.401-2.874); and the psychosocial factors of poor belief in taking medication (OR=1.251, 95%CI: 1.011-1.547), poor self-rated health (OR=1.990, 95%CI: 1.571-2.522) and being guided by healthcare professionals (OR=0.151, 95%CI: 0.062-0.368) were the influencing factors for medication compliance in patients with chronic comorbidities. Conclusion The medication compliance in patients with comorbidities of chronic diseases is associated with demographic factors, pharmacological factors, disease factors and psychosocial factors, mainly including living alone, adverse drug reactions, course of disease, number of comorbidities and medication beliefs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the acquaintance to orthodontics and possible factors that obstruct orthodontic treatment in middle school students in zones with different economic levels in Jiangjin, Chongqing.

METHODSThe students were randomly divided into four groups: A class from a junior high school in town (group 1), a class from a senior high school in town (group 2), a class from a junior high school in the countryside (group 3), a class from a senior high school in the countryside (group 4). The information was collected by questionnaire, and the statistical analysis of results was carried out by SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSSex made difference in the acquaintance to orthodontics treatment. Girls worried more about teeth extraction and pain that may occur during treatment than the boys. Students in the city had more access to related consultations compared to those in the countryside. Different economic conditions made much contribution to the proportion to go for orthodontics treatment in cities and rural areas. The evaluation from families and friends may affect patients' subjective estimation to themselves.

CONCLUSIONOrthodontists should learn more about student patiens from various aspects, and make different therapies according to their sexes, economic conditions of family, education levels, etc. Only so can orthodontists get better compliance from their patients.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orthodontics ; Students