OBJECTIVE:To probe into the status quo and the tendency of the utilization of the anti-osteoporosis drugs in hospitals along the Yangtze valley. METHODS: The utilization of the anti-osteoporosis drugs in 177 hospitals of 6 cities along the Yangtze valley during 2004～2008 was analyzed statistically in respect of the orders of consumption sum and defined daily dose (DDD). RESULTS: The total amount of the drugs used for osteoporosis in the hospitals of the Yangtze valley showed year-on-year increase,and its proportion in the total remained at around 1.16% on the consumption sum list. The consumption sum of Diphosphonates showed sharp increase,many of its subcategories had forced into the top 10 places on the list of consumption sum and their rankings were moving forward steadily. Alfacalcidol and Calcitonin dominated the first two places over the 5 years. The top 10 manufacturers in terms of the sales sum of the drugs for osteoporosis were mainly foreign investment manufacturers and joint ventures. CONCLUSION: With the aging of the population and the strengthening of public awareness on health,the drugs used for osteoporosis enjoy a potential market,especially to domestic products and domestic manufacturers.

Humans ; Inlays

Advisory Committees ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Cough ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Emphysema ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; prevention & control ; Infant ; Primary Prevention

Objective To investigate and analyze the effects of problem-based learning used in clinical nursing education. Method The research papers on the effect of problem-based learning used in clinical nursing education were retrieved via CNKI, Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,ProQuest and Google scholar websites and then analyzed by Revman5.0 software.Results Totally 11 RCTs were included.Meta-analysis showed that PBL could significantly promote students’examination scores,self-study ability, critical thinking and clinical skill,but insignificantly improved the effect in improvement of their theory learning,interest and ability in cooperation.Conclusions PBL is a scientific clinical teaching method,which can stimulate students’initiative and exploratory learning and enhance effects of clinical teaching.Meanwhile,we suggest formulating evaluation criteria and implementing rigorous RCT designs in the future.

In this paper, we describe mismatch, chaos, and disorder behavior during healthcare seeking. Such structural imbalances, scarcity and surplus make healthcare services less efficient. We give reasons for such phenomena in terms of long-term effects of health resource allocation policy-making and implementation, inherent de-fects within healthcare insurance, incomplete market development, and cultural issues. We then propose four policy strategies, including rational price mechanism, strict referral healthcare system, confidence in basic healthcare facili-ties, and proper healthcare cultures. These will restore orderly healthcare behavior and help realize expectations for the current healthcare reform in China.

Objective To determine the sensitization of Nicotinamide (NA) on None Focused Ultrasound (NFU) on GLC-82 cells in vitro. Methods The subjectives were divided into A、B、C and D four groups, group A was negative control, group B was treated with NA, group C was irradiated with NFU, group D was treated with both NFU and NA; MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of NA and its sensitivity for NFU on GLC-82 cells quantified by calculating the sensitive enhancement ratios (SER); Morphologic change of cells was observed with light microscope, fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope;Flow cytometry was performed to determine the percentage changes of apoptosis and distributional percentage of the cell cycle of GLC-82 cells in response to NFU, NA and the effect of its intervention to NFU. Results The cytotoxicity of NA increased in a dose-dependent manner after 24-hour treatment, with the optimal dose range of 1 mg/mL～5 mg/mL. A sub-toxic dose of NA at 3 mg/ml was used in the subsequent experiments; After treatment with NA plus NFU, microvilli and filipodium of GLC-82 cells reduced, shortened and shrunk into corpuscule-shape; The apoptosis rate of group D was more than that in group B and C, with cell cycle arrested at phase S and G2.Conclusion NA can significantly enhance the effect of NFU on GLC-82 cells, which provides evidence for NA as a sensitization to NFU in clinic.