Background Diabetiretinopathy(DR) icommon ophthalmivasculadisease which can lead to blindness,and itpathogenesiicomplex.C-peptide iby-producin insulin synthesis,and loof studieindicate thaC-peptide iclosely related with diabetimicrovasculacomplications.Objective Thistudy wato explore the clinical significance of the detection of C-peptide to assesthe prognosiof non-proliferative DR(NPDR).Methodretrospective case-observational study wadesigned.The clinical datof 205 casewith NPDwere collected in Wuhan Puren Hospital from January 1,2009 to January 1,2010.The patientwere diagnosed by fundufluorescein angiography (FFA) and the stageof theidiseasewere determined based on the Dstaging developed by the Chinese Ophthalmological Society fundustudy group.Twenty-seven-month follow-up waperformed fothe patientto record the parameterof theiblood biochemistry,changein theiphysical conditions,and changein theiblood pressure and DM.The patientwere assigned to the PDgroup and NPDgroup athe end of the follow-up.The independenrisk factofoNPDwaanalyzed using the univariate analysis,and multivariate logistiregression analysiwaused to evaluate the correlation of varioufactorwith pooprognosiof NPDR.Receiveoperating characteristi(ROC) curve wadrawn to assesthe prediction efficiency of C-peptide fothe prognosiof NPDR.ResultThe clinical datof 205 patientwith NPDwere reviewed,and 15 patientfailed to show up fovisitarate of 7.3％.One hundred and ninety patientwith NPDfinished follow-up with mean age of (41.54± 8.15)years.Of the 190 patients,69 patient(36.3％) advanced to PDR,and 121 patient(63.7％) were NPDduring the follow-up.Significandifferencewere seen in age,hypertension history,smoking history,DM course and C-peptide levelbetween the PDgroup and PDgroup (age:=13.78,P＜0.05 ; hypertension history:x2 =21.57,P＜0.05 ;smocking history:x2 =26.96,P＜0.05;DM course:t=6.89,P＜0.05;C-peptide:t=20.50,P＜0.05).pooprognosiwacorrelated with age (OR:1.04,95％ CI:1.01-1.07),hypertension history (OR:1.05,95％ CI:1.02-1.08),smokinghistory (OR:1.07,95％CI:1.04-1.11),DM course (0R:1.18,95％CI:1.13-1.25) oC-peptide conten(0R:1.09,95％ CI:1.06-1.12).The areundethe ROcurve wa0.835 (P＜0.05,95％ CI:0.818-0.843) when the C-peptide waincluded,buwalarge than 0.769 (P ＜ 0.05,95％ CI:0.754-0.780) when Cpeptide waexcluded.ConclusionThe levelof blood C-peptide are lowein the PDpatientthan those in the NPDpatients,and the lowelevel of blood C-peptide in the NPDpopulation increasetheirisk of developing PDR.Testing foblood C-peptide level can benefithe prognosiof NPDR.

Though prokaryotic cells could hardly express recombinant human beta nerve growth factor (rhNGF-?) with a proper three-dimensional conformation, using of E. coli as a host for industrial production of rhNGF-? is controversial. Recombinant human beta NGF was expressed in E. coli and was refolded in vitro. The isolated products was shown to be consistent with those expressed and secreted by CHO cells in biochemical characters by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry, N terminal analysis and bioassay determined using DRG and PC12 cells. The products can be acquired with 95% purity, 1.8 ng/U biological activity from both expression system,which remain invariable biological activity when lyophilized in excipient and store at 37℃?2℃, RH 75%?5% for 3 months. Moreover, the product refolded from inclusion bodies of E. coli shows the predominance in homogeneity and the lower cost.

This study was aimed to investigate active ingredients from A mp e lop s is me galop hylla of protein expression by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Methods: isn this study, proteinsfrom the tender leaves of A mpelopsis megalophylla were precipitated by Tris-phenol extraction and ammonium acetate methanol precipitation. Then using 2-DE technology to isolate protein.Finally, 2-DE was analyzed by the scanner, and got protein characteristic maps. Result:According to the differences in ratio of gray value, the seven differential protein points were chosen to identify the mass spectrum. At present, two proteins were identified, namely the hypothetical protein and the unnamed protein product. Conclusion: the application of 2-DE technology for A mpelopsis megalophyllathe active ingredient of protein expression at the level of molecular research laid a good foundation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) in mouse uterus. Methods: 3-week-old immature female mice were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated with corn oil, estradiol (E2) of 1.5, 3.0, 10, 25 ng, progesterone (P) of 100 ?g and (E_2 10 ng + P 100 ?g)/mouse, respectively. After the treatment for 48 h, mouse uterus was collected to isolate total RNA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of mRNA isoforms of VEGF and its receptors in mouse uterus. Results: Compared with control, both E_2 and P significantly increased the expression of VEGF164 and VEGF120 mRNA in mouse uterus. The expression of VEGFR2 mRNA, not VEGF1 mRNA, was decreased by E_2 treatment in a dose-independent manner. Conclusion: Both estradiol and progesterone up-regulated the expression of VEGF, but estradiol down-regulated the expression of VEGFR2 in mouse uterus.

Objective To analyze the CT findings of lung cystic echinococcosis with infections, and to assess the value of CT examination. Methods The CT characters of 23 cases of pathologically proved lung cystic echinococcosis were analyzed and CT findings were compared with pathology. Results All 23 cases of lung cystic echinococcosis appeared as single cystic lesions. Fifteen cases appeared in the right lung, and the other 8 in the left. The lesions located in lower lobe were more than those in the upper lobe. According to the CT examination, it could be divided into two types: (1) simple lesion (7 cases) appeared as irregular solid mass with different size, crude edge, and lobulation, and with fiber shadows in the lung field around the lesions. In 6 cases, curvilinear or spotty calcification occurred in the lesions. (2) echinococcosis as a bag (16 cases) appeared as a mass with cystic changes in lung tissue with different size and off-center cystic cavity. The lesions took the form of ball or irregular shape. The edge was crude. Around the focus, prickle-like or patchy changes were detected. Ruptured lesions showed “water snake” or “flow ribbon” signs in 4 cases. In 7 cases, calcification occurred on the cystic wall or extended into the inside contents. Conclusion CT could accurately demonstrate the location, appearance, internal structure, and adjacent situation of the cystic echinococcosis, providing valuable information for correct diagnosis and treatment.

This article introduced the development and application effect appraisal of Microbial Engineering CAI courseware for bio-engineering specialization. The courseware focuses on knowledge system integrity, content-rich and gives prominence to the key points. Pictures, animation and video, and audio effects are also utilized appropriately to achieving stimulate students interest in learning and then improve teaching and learning performance. The courseware concentrates on core content of the course, such as fermentation parameters detection and automatic control, and fermentation equipments. The courseware was manufactured using the Powerpoint software. Animation was established with Flash 4 software and the scanning pattern was edited using Adobe photoshop. And chapters of the courseware were composed and administrated using Courseware Master Software. A two-year survey showed that 85% of students satisfied with this courseware.

This article is to explore the practical application of concept maps in nursing teaching practice to make it as a learning tool to promote undergraduates to make a meaningful study. Besides, the results is applied in research on improving the teaching method so as to provide an effective teaching policy and evaluation tools to promote the scientific research and clinical practice in nursing care.

Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of combined detection of human plasma and feces expression level of microRNA-92a-1 (miRNA-92a-1) as colorectal tumour screening marker.Methods From August to October in 2011,the feces and plasma samples of 60 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients,23 colorectal adenoma (CRA) patients and 30 healthy controls were collected.The expression level of miRNA-92a-1 was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Mann-Whitney's U test was applied for the difference test between groups.Then,according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis the cut-off point was determined and the sensitivity and specificity were analyzed.Results Compared with healthy controls,the expressions of miRNA-92a-1 in plasma of CRC and CRA patients increased (U=288.5 and 151.0,both P＜0.01).Compared with healthy controls,the expression of miRNA-92a-1 in feces of CRC patients increased (U=627.5,P=0.0199).According to ROC curve analysis,when the cut-off point was ＞1.22,the sensitivities of plasma miRNA-92a-1 in CRC patients and CRA patients were 85.0％ (51/60) and 73.9％ (17/23) respectively.The specificity of healthy controls was 76.7％ (23/30).When the cut-off point was ＞1.14,the sensitivities of feces miRNA-92a-1 in CRC patients and CRA patients were 31.7％(19/60) and 26.1％(6/23) respectively.The specificity of healthy controls was 90.0 ％ (27/30).Combined the detection results of plasma and feces,the sensitivities of miRNA-92a-1 in CRC patients and CRA patients was 88.3％ (53/60) and 82.6％ (19/23) respectively.The specificity in healthy controls was 73.3％ (22/30).The sensitivity was higher than that of single sample testing.Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity are high in the combined detection of plasma and feces miRNA-92a-1 expression level in CRC patients and CRA patients,miRNA-92a-1 may be a potential CRC screening marker.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the medial rectus cells counts in concomitant exotropia and surgical results. METHODS: A total of 32 pieces of medial rectus muscle were collected for HE staining in this study, of which 18 pieces were from patients with concomitant exotropia and 14 pieces were from healthy individuals. A method of strabismus score was used to assess the operative effect.RESULTS: The difference of strabismus score before and after the operation in the intermittent exotropia group was significantly higher than that in constant exotropic group (P<0.01). Under light microscope, the loosen muscle fibers and the increased stromal components in the cross sectional area of medial rectus were observed in strabismic group. The muscle cells counts was obviously lower in strabismic group than in control group (P<0.01), which was related to the difference of strabismus score before and after the operation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The decreased medial rectus cells counts induce concomitant exotropia directly. It is the crucial causes of the bad surgical results.

AlM: To compare the results of 4 methods for measuring angle of exodeviation in the three types of intermittent exotropia, including when looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test.
METHODS: Prospective case series study. Sixty-five patients with intermittent exotropia between June 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital to Qingdao University, included 37 males and 28 females with average age ( 12. 5 ± 6. 2 ) years. All the patients were measured when looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test. lntermittent exotropia was divided into basic type, convergence insufficiency type and divergence excess type, which was based on the different result of between the distance and near measurements. The One-way test was applied to analyze the four methods of measuring angle of exodeviation in the three types of intermittent exotropia. LSD - t test was applied to compare the differences between each two methods in each type.
RESULTS: The distance exodeviations tested with looking at indoor distance target of 6m, looking at indoor distance target of 30m , looking at outdoor far distance target, after 1h diagnostic occlusion test were basic type (45. 4 ± 21. 0, 55. 0 ± 15. 0, 64. 68 ± 17. 7, 68. 75 ± 16. 6PD), convergence insufficiency type (33. 3 ± 14. 0, 44. 9 ± 12. 9, 43. 6±11. 8, 54. 6±11. 2PD), divergence excess type (55. 6± 17.4, 66.3±18.8, 76.9±16.4, 78.1±15.6PD). There were obviously differences between each two methods in each type ( basic type F = 9. 649, P = 0. 00; convergence insufficiency type F=6. 886, P=0. 001; divergence excess type F = 7. 989, P = 0. 00 ). Compared with looking at indoor distance target of 30m, looking at outdoor far distance target ( basic type P=0. 044, divergence excess type P = 0. 048 ) and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test (basic type P=0. 04, divergence excess type P=0. 027) had the statistical difference in the basic type and divergence excess type, and there was no obviously difference between looking at outdoor far distance target and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test ( basic type P=0. 353, divergence excess type P=0. 815). Compared with the other three measurements, 1h diagnostic occlusion test can elicit larger angle of deviation in the convergence insufficiency type.
CONCLUSlON: Both measurement with looking at outdoor far distance target and after 1h diagnostic occlusion test can elicit the larger angle of deviation in the basic type and divergence excess type; The measurement with after 1 hour diagnostic occlusion test can elicit the larger angle of deviation in the convergence insufficiency type.