Objective To investigate the influence of inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) on the ratio of PaO2/FiO2(P/F) during the implementation of lung protective ventilation strategy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in order to unravel its clinical significance. Method This was a prospective study of 16 selected patients with ARDS treated with mechanical ventilation ( MV ) to get ratio of P/F in range of 100 to 200 by PEEP≥5 cmH2O and high inspired oxygen. After lung recruitment maneuvers by BiPAP with high pressure (PH) of 40 cmH2O for40 s, the MV was maintained the basic requirement for stabilizing the patients for 30 minutes. A series of FiO2 were set at fractions of 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9 and 1in random sequence, and the changes of respiratory mechanics, blood gas and hemodynamics under the different concentrations of FiO2 were analyzed by using SPSS version 13.0 software. Results ( 1 ) The ratio of P/F increased as FiO2 increased, and it's significant as FiO2 increased to 0.7 or above. As the fractions of FiO2 were set at 0.5 and 1. O, the ratios of P/F changed in 24.70% ± 23.36% respectively. ( 2 ) Of them,6 patients ( 37.5% ) treated with FiO2 set at 0.5 had the ratio of P/F ＜ 200, and the fraction of FiO2 was increased to 1.0, the P/F ＞ 200. (3) FiO2 and Qs/Qt were negatively correlated ( r = - 0.390, P = O. 027 ),the higher inspired oxygen fraction, the lower shunt. When the fractions of FiO2 were set at 0.5 and 1.0 ,there was a positive correlation between △Qs/Qt and △P/F( r = 0.82, P = 0.005 ). Conclusions The inspired oxygen fraction affects the ratio of P/F, which may be resulted from shunt and it may influence the diagnosis of ARDS.

Objective To study the clinical significance of plasma ET ,NO ,CGRP and EGF detection after acupuncture at Zusanli pointinpatientswithchronicatrophicgastritis.Methods 36casesofpatientswithchronicatrophicgastritiswereenrolledinthe study ,whose plasma ET ,CGRP ,EGF were measured by using radio immunoassay and NO by using biochemical methods .Results After acupuncture administrated in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis ,whose plasma ET ,EGF significantly decreased ,while CGRP ,NO increased(P<0 .05) .The levels of the 4 test items were significantly different between acupuncture for 7 d and 1 d(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Acupuncture at zusanli point could lead to the regulation of the plasma ET ,CGRP ,NO and EGF ,which has time‐dose effect .

OBJECTIVE To investigate spectrum distribution of pathogens in patients with artificial airway and analyze their associated factors.METHODS The clinical data of 27 patients with tracheal intubation or tracheotomy from Mar 2005 to Mar 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Twenty seven patients were diagnosed as pneumonia.A total of 384 isolates of pathogens were collected from 258 sputum culture.The most were Gram-negative bacilli(293 isolates),and then were Gram-positive cocci and fungi.The four most pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii.More multiple drug resistant(MDR) pathogens were detected in patients two weeks after intubation or tracheotomy than that after one week,and it was the same with sensitive rates to antibiotics of G-bacilli.CONCLUSIONS Patients with artificial airways have a higher morbidity of MDR pathogens and longer retention time of artificial airway can increase infection of MDR pathogens of lower respiratory tract.

Objective To investigate the impacts of valsartan on cell apoptosis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ in vascular smooth muscle cells,and discuss whether the mechanism is relevant to AMP-Activated Protein Kinases.Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) were designated to 5 groups:①control (DMSO) group,②Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang]Ⅱ) 100 μmo]/L group,③Angiotensin lⅡ 100 μmol/ L + valsartan 10 μmol/L group,④Angiotensin Ⅱ 100 μmol/L + valsartan 10 μmol/L + compound C 1 μmol/L group,⑤ Angiotensin Ⅱ 100 μmol/L + 5-Aminoimidazole-4earboxamide-ribo-nucle-oside (AICAR) 100 μmol/L group,after 24h incubation,the intracellular activity of Caspase 3 was measured by spectrophotometry,the cell apoptosis were enumerated by low cytometry,the intracellular AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (AMPK) phosphorylation and total expression quantity were examined by western blot,the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA,the intracellular activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by WST-1 method,the intracellular activity of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by TBA method.Two groups were compared by using Student t test.Differences among multiple groups were evaluated by ANOVA.Results Compared with control group,the cell apoptosis of Angiotensin Ⅱ group was increased [(45.46 ± 15.40)％ vs.(1.88 ± 3.28)％,P =0.002],the synthesis of ROS was increased [(9.24 ±0.46) vs.(1.00 ±0.00),P＜0.01],theactivity of Caspase 3 was increased [(35.03 ± 3.54) vs.(13.33 ± 1.79),P ＜ 0.01],the activity of MDA was increased [(4.32 ±0.73) vs.(2.05 ±0.18),P＜0.01)],the phosphorylation of AMPK was decreased,the activity of SOD was decreased [(90.29 ± 14.73) vs.(136.02 ± 18.82),P =0.001];compared with Angiotensin Ⅱ group,the cell apoptosis of Angiotensin Ⅱ + valsartan group and Angiotensin Ⅱ + AICAR group were decreased [(24.91 ±8.46)％ vs.(45.46±15.40)％,P=0.031];[(27.90 ±4.39)％ vs.(45.46 ± 15.40)％,P =0.038],the synthesis of ROS was decreased [(2.37 ±0.05) vs.(9.24±0.46),P＜0.01];[(2.79±0.31) vs.(9.24±0.46),P＜0.01],the activity of Caspase3wasdecreased [(18.08±2.69) vs.(35.03±3.54),P＜0.01];[(27.83±3.56) vs.(35.03 ± 3.54),P =0.002],the activity of MDA were decreased [(3.25 ± 0.55) vs.(4.32 ± 0.73),P=0.017];[(3.46±0.60) vs.(4.32±0.73),P=0.047],the phosphorylationofAMPKwas increased,the activity of SOD was increased [(140.71 ±20.27) vs.(90.29 ± 14.73),P ＜0.01];[(116.73 ± 17.96) vs.(90.29 ± 14.73),P =0.029];compared with Angiotensin Ⅱ + valsarntan group,the cell apoptosis of Angiotensin Ⅱ + valsartan + compound C group was increased [(43.84 ± 12.00) ％ vs.(24.91 ± 8.46)％,P =0.043],the synthesis of ROS was increased [(4.64 ± 0.15) vs.(2.37 ± 0.05),P ＜ 0.01],the activity of Caspase 3 was increased [(25.64 ± 3.52) vs.(18.08 ± 2.69),P=0.011],the activity of MDA was increased [(5.12 ±0.92) vs.(3.25 ±0.55),P＜ 0.01],the phosphorylation of AMPK was decreased,the activity of SOD was decreased [(99.48 ± 16.59) vs.(90.29 ± 14.73),P =0.002)].Conclusions Valsartan could inhibit angiotensin Ⅱ-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis via activating AMPK,suppressing the synthesis of ROS and the activity of MDA,elevating the activity of SOD.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of glutamine on the nutritional metabolism and permeability of intestinal mucosa in MODS patients.Methods: The randomized and controlled study was designed.Twenty MODS patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The concentration of serum albumin,transferrin and blood sugar,L(lactulose) and M(mannitol) ratio in urine,nitrogen balance,the related complication were compared and obserwed.Results: In treatment group,the concentration of serum albumin,prealbumin and transferrin were higher than that of control group on the same time and showed significant difference(P

Acupressure ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; therapy

Objective To study the effect of noninvasive pressure venrilation(NIPPV) on the treatment of acute exacerbarions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) with typeⅡrespiratory failure. Methods 46 cases of COPD were selected to treat with NIPPV in our hospital from 2001 January to 2005 May. The data in arterial blood gas(pH,PaO2,PaCO2),the course of disease in the hospital,the rate of endotracheal intubation, the mortality of the patients in NIPPV were analyzed and compared with those of the patients without NIPPV treatment before. Results The datas in arterial blood gas had been imprived significantly in NIPPV after 24h.The couse of disease in hospital was significantly shkrter,and the rate of endotracheal intubation and mortality of the patients was significantly lower in NIPPV than those in no NIPPV. There was remarkably difference between two groups. In NIPPV, the rate of endotracheal intubation were significantly lower in light and moderate trspiratkry failure than those in severe respiratory failure(P

Haloacetic acids are the main disinfection by-products in chlorinated drinking water,which are known or suspected to carcinogenic. Many countries have promulgated haloacetic acids as the routine monitoring item for drinking water safety. In order to better control the formation of haloacetic acids in chlorinated drinking water,many techniques and analysis methods were exploited. This review summarized the development of techniques and analysis methods and the comparative analysis was conducted in technique cost,method detection limit,sensitivity,resistance to disturb and sample pretreatment. The electrospray mass spectrometry is the best choice,but the instrument and operation cost is much higher,so the standard method based on the gas chromatography will still be the popular method for drinking water quality analysis.

Huntington's disease is a fetal neurological disorder manifested as movement disorder accompanied by cognitive and psychological impairments. The disease is inherited as autosomal dominant. Huntington's disease is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in a protein named huntingtin. The length of polyglutamine tract in huntingtin in normal individual is less than 35 glutamines. In Huntington's disease patients the length of polyglutamine tract increases to more than 37 glutamines. The pathogenic mechanisms by which mutant huntingtin causes Huntington's disease have not been fully understood. This paper reviews main progresses in studying the pathogenic mechanisms of mutant huntingtin.

Objective To observe the expression of triggering receptor-1 on myeloid cells (TREM-1) of mice with acute lung injury (ALI) in oder to find out its regularity and significance in inflammatory response of or-ganisms. Method Thirty BALB/C mice were randomly(random number) divided into normal control group (n =6) and ALl group (n = 24). The models of ALI were made with intraperitonal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in dose of 10 mg/kg. Specimens from peripheral blood and lung tissue were collected 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after LPS injected. The fluorescent real-time quantitative reverse transcriptiun-polymerase chain (RT-PCR) was used to detect TREM-1 mRNA, and ELISA was employed for detection of TREM-1 protein and TNF-α protein, and HE staining was made doe the pathological Smith lung score under light microscope. Analysis of variance was used for comparison of TREM-1 mRNA, TNF-α and Smith lung injury score between two groups. Spearman corre-lation analysis was made to find out the relationship among these three variables. Results The expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in lung tissue of ALI mice 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 hours after injection of LPS were 6.61±0.08,34.71±0.83, 61.85±14.05 and 56.46±8.89, respectively which were higher than that in control group (1.00±0.00, P = 0.017, 0.009, 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). The expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in blood were 14.01±3.24, 47.07±0.98, 8.18±0.43 and 8.06±0.05, respectively which were higher than that in normal control group (1.00±0.00, P = 0.010, 0.004, 0.011 and 0.011, respectively). The expression of TREM-1 rnRNA in tissue began to increase 6 hours after modeling and reached its peak 24 hours later, and expres-sion of TREM-1 mRNA in blood reached its peak after 12 hours. The levels of TREM-1 protein in lung tissue of ALl mice 6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 hours after LPS injected were 997.8±114.62, 1579.70±45.92, 1123.9±108.2 and 429.8±89.96 pg/mL, respectively which were higher than that of mice in control group (279.22±4.62 pg/mL, P = 0.024, 0.007, 0.011 and 0.04, respectively). The level of TREM- 1 protein reached the peak 12 hours after LPS injected, but it had no significant correlation with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA (P =0.14). The levels of TNF-α protein in lung tissue of ALI mice 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 hours after LPS injection were 313.16±39.50, 491.91±96.65, 388.48±29.84 and 282.5±52.76 pg/mL, respectively which were sig-nificantly higher than that of mice in control group (256.6±28.31 pg,/mL, P = 0.037, 0.019, 0.032 and 0.043, respectively). The TNF-α concentration was positively correlated with TREM-1 levels in lung tissue and with Smith pathological score (r = 0.795, P = 0.001: r = 0.499, P = 0.034), but not with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA (P = 0.176). Conclusions The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in lung tissue of mice with ALI is elevated, and the expression of TREM-1 mRNA is related to the level of TNF-α and the severity of the ALI in in-flammatory responses in lung. The expressions of TREM- 1 gene are not consistent with the levels of TREM- 1 pro-tein, suggesting another new functional proteins involved in immune regulation.