The incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility theory,while early toxicity predetermination of traditional Chinese medi?cine is an important component of drug safety evaluation. Once a simple and reliable method to predict the compatibility of Chinese medicine and Chinese traditional medicine is established,it is possible to obtain the data of toxic reaction of Chinese herbal medicine quickly and early. Pregnane X receptor (PXR)is a ligand dependent transcription factor,acting as a ligand or activator of a large number of clinical drugs and of cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (CYP3A) gene expression induced by PXR. In the course of treatment of diseases,the activation of PXR may increase the risk of drug interactions and adverse reactions,resulting in decreased efficacy and even toxicity. This paper may provide a new method of drug toxicity predetermination depending on the PXR-CYP3A pathway.

Objective To determine the prevalence of symmetry of C shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars.MethodsA total of 70 madibular second molars with C shaped root canal system to be considered as needing root canal therapy were included in this study,of which 68 contralateral X ray apical films were obtained.The symmetry of the root and the root canal system was analyzed using magnifying glass.ResultsOf the 68 mandibular second molars with C shaped root canal system diagnosed clinically,62 cases with C shaped root canal system bilaterally,with the prevalence 91.18%.ConclusionThe anatomic feature of mandibular molars with C shaped root canal system is complicated,and the prevalence of symmetry is very high,which is in favor of estimating the anatomic feature from contralateral tooth.

This study was aimed to investigate the theoretical basis of Jian-Shen Li-Shui (JSLS) formula. Knowledge
of acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage in ancient Chinese medicine literature, modern pathophysiology theories, experimental researches and clinical results were studied, in order to discuss theoretical basis of JSLS formula. The results showed that JSLS formula embodied basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and experiences of physicians from different generations. It also reflected modern pharmacology research results. It was supported by animal experiments and clinical research results. It was concluded that JSLS formula was in accordance with essence of TCM syndrome differentiation. There were enough evidences for the formation of the formula. It was worthy of further study.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to improve students' ability in practical and theoretical courses of oral health education and to promote students' learning interest and initiative.

METHODSFourth-year students of the oral medical profession from 2006 to 2008 at Weifang Medical University were chosen as research objects for oral health education to explore the experimental teaching reform. The students were divided into test and control groups, with the test group using the "speak out" way of teaching and the control group using the traditional teaching method. Results of after-class evaluation of the test group, as well as final examination and practice examination of the two groups, were analyzed and compared.

RESULTSAfter-class evaluation results of the test group showed that the "speak out" teaching method was recognized by the students and improved students' ability to understand oral health education. The final examination and practice examination results showed that the score of the test group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION"Speak out" teaching methods can improve students' ability for oral health education, in accordance with the trend of teaching reform.

In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOFMS) based on chemical profiling approach to evaluate chemical constitution between mixed decoction and co-decoction of monkshood-pinellia combination of the eighteen incompatible medications (Shi Ba Fan) was proposed. Two different kinds of decoctions, namely monkshood-pinellia co-decoction: water extract of the two herbs together, and monkshood-pinellia mixed decoction: water extract of each individual herbs mixed together, were prepared. Batches of these two kinds of decoction samples were subjected to UPLC/Q-TOFMS analysis, the datasets were processed with MassLynx 4.1 to holistically compare the difference between these two kinds of decoction samples. The most changed components during decocting were analyzed. Using the proposed approach, global chemical difference was found between co-decoction and mixed decoction, mesaconitine, aconitine and hypaconitine were identified as the most changed components (changed most significantly) during decocting. Result shows significant difference between two kinds of decoction samples, and the significant differences are probably related to the incompatibility of monkshood and pinellia.

OBJCTIVE To investigate the protective effect of ferulic acid (FA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage to PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and its potential mechanisms. METHODS ① in vitro study:PC12 cells were pretreated with FA 2.5-40 μmol · L-1 for 12 h and treated with LPS for another 8 h. CCK-8 kit was used to test PC12 cell viability. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were de?tected by ELISA kits. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed to measure F-actin expres?sion in the cells. ②in vivo study:FA 25,50 and 100 mg · kg-1 was ip given to Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats once a day for 35 d,and from the 29th day,ip co-administered with LPS(0.2 mg · kg-1)for 7 d. Immunohistochemistry method was used to determine protein expression of phophodiestera 4B (PDE4B)in the hippocampus of rats. The protein expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and phospho CREB (p-CREB) was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS In the in vitro study,compared with LPS group,cell viability was significantly increased in FA 10,20 and 40μmol·L-1 groups(P<0.05),while the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β decreased(P<0.05). The structure and distribution of cytoskeletal protein F-actin were ameliorated markedly in PC12 cells. In the in vivo study,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining showed that pretreatment with FA(50 and 100 mg·kg-1) alleviated the damage to the hippocampus induced by LPS in SD rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that FA(50 and 100 mg·kg-1)pretreatment effectively prevented LPS-induced up-regulation of PDE4B expression in the hippocampus of rats(P<0.05). Western blotting analysis showed that the inhibitory effects on the protein expressions of CREB and p-CREB induced by LPS were altered by FA(50 and 100 mg · kg-1)pretreatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSION FA can protect against LPS induced damage to PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons of rats. The resistant effect on neuron-inflammation of FA may be conferred by inhibiting LPS-induced up-regulation of PDE4B and stimulating signaling pathways of cAMP/CREB.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different sequences of intravenous administration on fentanyl-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia.Methods One hundred patients of both sexes,aged 18-70 yr,weighing 42-88 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were equally randomized to 2 groups using a random number table:fentanyl-propofol group (group FP) and propofol-fentanyl group (group PF).In FP group,fentanyl 3 μg/kg was injected intravenously over 3 s,and then propofol 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously.In PF group,propofol 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously,and then fentanyl 3μg/kg was injected intravenously over 3 s.The development,intensity and onset time of cough were recorded within 1 min after fentanyl injection.Results Compared with FP group,the incidence of cough was significantly decreased,and no significant change was found in the intensity and onset time of cough in PF group.Conclusion Administration in the propofol-fentanyl sequence can reduce the development of fentanyl-induced cough as compared with that in the fentanyl-propofol sequence during induction of general anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the method and approach for traditional Chinese pharmacists to play an active role in case of emergent epidemic situation. METHODS:Taking the opportunity of H1N1 flu treatment,the traditional Chinese pharmacists carried out pharmaceutical services such as drug counseling,establishing medication history for typical cases,offering guidance and advice on medication,retrospectively analyzing prescription and consulting records. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:In the differential treatment,pharmacists of traditional Chinese medicine should take full account of patients' individual differences,actively participate in the design of individualized dose scheme and offer medication guidance so as to enhance patients' medication compliance meanwhile enhancing the status of pharmacists of traditional Chinese medicine.

Aim To evaluate the effect of CYP1A1 on intracellular Ca2+ in human vascular endothelial cells(HVEC304).Methods The expression plasmid of human CYP1A1 was constructed,HVEC304 was transfected,and the intracellular calcium ion level was monitored by microfluorescent technique.Result The expression plasmid of human CYP1A1 was constructed and its expression location was extranuclear.In HVEC304 cells over-expressing CYP1A1(HVEC304-CYP1A1),Ca2+ basal level decreased obviously(P