Objective:To investigate the correlation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ( IL-1ra) genotype and chronic periodontitis in diabetes patients. Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples of 186 patients with diabetes, of which 108 patients with chronic periodontitis, another 78 patients without chronic periodontitis. Individuals A2 Genotypes of IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR was analyzed by SSP-PCR method. Then compared the differences in distribution of each genotype A2. Results:A significant over-representation of IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR allele A2 was found in chronic periodontitis of diabetes mellitus group(?2=3.579,P=0.040). Conclusion:IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR allele A2 may be a risk indicator for the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in diabetes mellitus.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment conducts comprehensive assessments of many aspects of health and well-being of an older patient including medical, functional, nutritional, psychiatric and behavioral issues, as well as family and social support. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is put into using widely in common geriatric syndromes and problems. This paper introduced the concept, content,objects, and implementation of comprehensive geriatric assessment, as well as the application in geriatric rehabilitation.

Three compounds were isolated from the extract of Taxus cuspidta Sibe et Zucc with the column chromatography on silica gel and preparative HPLC methods. Their structures were identified according to the physicochemical properties and spectral analysis, and they were identified as (E)-1-methoxy-2-O-(p-coumaroyl)-myo-inositol (1), 2-deacetoxy-7beta, 9a, 10beta-trideacetyltaxinine J (2) and (3aS, 4aR, 6S, 8S, 8aS, 9R, 10R, 10aS)-benz[f]azulene-6, 8, 9, 10 (3H)-terol, 3a, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a, 9, 10-decahydro-10a-(1-hydroxyl-1-methylethyl)-1, 8a-dimethyl-5-methylene (3). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2, 3 were two novel natural products.

Objective:To review the drug absorption evaluation methods for pulmonary delivery. Methods: The drug absorption cell models, in vitro pulmonary membrane model and in vivo animal model were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of those models and applications were reviewed by referring to the databases in CNKI and Pubmed. Results:The appro-priate animal model and method for the study of pulmonary absorption should be chosen according to the experimental purpose and char-acteristics of drugs. Conclusion:The review provides the thoughts and theoretical basis for the research and development of pulmonary delivery.

Oxidative stress is an important factor that can cause aging body, tissue damage and diseases.FoxO3a transcription factor is critical for the regulation of oxidative stress.Recently, there are some reports on the quite complex role of FoxO3a in regulating oxidative stress.Not only can it promote the survival of cells, but also induce cell apoptosis at some oxidative stress conditions.In this paper, the role of FoxO3a in oxidative stress, the possible signal pathway and the potential effect of target FoxO3a for oxidative stress diseases treatment are reviewed.

Objective To analyze the difference and correlation of the evaluation of the medical students' communication ability between the examiners,standardized patients (SP) and medical students themselves in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE),and to provide scientific basis for the appropriate evaluation method of medical students' communication ability.Methods OSCE was used to evaluate the communication ability of 90 medical students in Daping Hospital,Chongqing,and the three parties were evaluated by the examiners,SP and medical students themselves.Excel and SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis software were used,through Friendman M.test,t test and correlation analysis to analyze the differences and correlation of the three parties evaluations.Results The different evaluation between the three parties on the communication ability of medical students was as follows.Examiner's evaluation was the lowest (8.39 ± 1.18),SP's evaluation was the highest (9.62 ± 0.73),Medical students themselves' evaluation was higher (9.28± 1.09);The examiner's evaluation of Medical students' empathy,verbal communication ability,nonverbal communication ability and etiquette was lower (P=0.00).The correlation analysis of the three parties' evaluation showed that there was a significant correlation between the three parties on the connnunication ability,empathy and nonverbal communication ability (P＜0.05).The evaluation of SP and medical students themselves on medical students' language communication ability and etiquette was significantly correlated (P＜0.05).Conclusions Using examiner or SP or medical students themselves only to evaluate the communication ability of medical students is not accurate,The Examiner and SP as the main trial test personnel should collaborate to evaluate medical students' communication ability.The examiner can evaluate three projects such as what is medical ethics and law,empathy,nonverbal communication ability,while the SP can evaluate the two projects:what is language communication ability and etiquette.The collaborative evaluation of the two sides can be more accurate to reflect the doctor-patient communication ability of medical students.

BACKGROUND:Pulmonary aspergilosis is a disease caused by pulmonary fungal infection. Its diagnosis and treatment is usualy delayed because of nonspecific clinical symptoms, physicial sign and imaging changes as wel as uncertainties of histological and bacterial findings. Therefore, it is necessary to establish mouse models of invasive pulmonary aspergilosis to investigate the underlying pathological mechanism and novel therapeutic methods. OBJECTIVE: To establish mouse models of invasive pulmonary aspergilosis, detect the expression ofγ-interferon, Tol-like receptor 2 and Tol-like receptor 4, and discuss the mechanism of action underlying invasive pulmonary aspergilosis. METHODS:Seventy-five female BALB/c mice of clean grade, aged 6-8 weeks, were randomly and evenly divided into five groups: blank control group (group A), immunosuppressive model group treated with high concentrations of Aspergilus fumigatus spore suspension (group B), normal infection group treated with high concentration of Aspergilus fumigatus spore suspension (group C), immunosuppressive model group treated with low concentration of Aspergilus fumigatus spore suspension (group D), normal infection group treated with low concentration of Aspergilus fumigatus spore suspension (group E). First, mice in the groups B and D were intraperitonealy injected with cyclophosphamide to establish immunosuppressive models. The mice in the groups D, E (108 cfu/mL) and groups B, C (109 cfu/mL) were treated with 12 mL Aspergilus fumigatus spore suspension through the use of nebulizer. Mice in the group A were treated identicaly with sterile PBS. At 1, 3, 5 days of infection, the pathological change of lung tissue was observed, the mass concentration of γ-interferon in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the expression levels of γ-interferon mRNA and Tol-like receptor 2 and Tol-like receptor 4 mRNA and protein in the lung tissue were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Abscess, spores and very severe bleeding and congestion, widenened alveolar septum and tracheal epithelial cel shedding and necrosis were observed in the mouse lung tissue in the group B. At 5 days of infection, the mass concentration of γ-interferon in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the expression ofγ-interferon mRNA in the lung tissue in the group B were significantly decreased compared with the group A (P < 0.05). Tol-like receptor 2 expression was strongly positive in the group B. Tol-like receptor 2 expression in the group C was significantly lower than that in the group B (P< 0.05). Tol-like receptor 4 expression was positive in the groups B and C, and its expression in the group C was significantly greater than in the group B (P < 0.05). The expression of Tol-like receptor 2, 4 mRNA in the mouse lung tissue of group B was significantly increased at 1, 3, 5 days of infection (P < 0.05). These results suggest that atomizing high concentration of aspergilus fumigatus spore suspension to immunosuppressive mice can establish stable invasive pulmonary aspergilosis models with typical pathological features. The infection of aspergilus fumigatus can activate tol-like receptor 2, 4 at the same time, and the pathological mechanism is closely related to organism’s immune defense function.

Objective: To examine the correlation between paliperidone plasma concentration and clinical efficacy in the patients with schizophrenia. Methods:Totally 50 schizophrenia patients were treated by paliperidone. The plasma concentration of paliperidone was monitored by RP-HPLC at the weekend of the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th week, the clinical efficacy was evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome scale ( PANSS) , and the correlation between paliperidone plasma concentration and clinical efficacy was analyzed. Results:The mean plasma concentration of paliperidone was (31. 89 ± 17. 36) ng·ml-1 at the weekend of the 6th week, and no cor-relation was found between paliperidone plasma concentration and the clinical efficacy (r=0. 146,P=0. 074). Paliperidone plasma concentration in 12 patients with adverse drug reactions (ADR) was higher than that in the patients without ADR [(45. 87 ± 19. 21)ng ·ml-1 vs (27. 06 ± 11. 13) ng·ml-1, P <0. 01]. Conclusion: Paliperidone plasma concentration shows significant individual differences. With the increase of paliperidone plasma concentration, clinical efficacy isn't necessarily improved, while the incidence of ADR may be increased. Therefore, the monitoring of paliperidone plasma concentration is recommended to optimize the therapeutic reg-imen.

Fused teeth is defined as the union of enamel and dentin of two or more teeth germs,yielding a single tooth during tooth develop-ment.Their treatment is complex and usually need multidisciplinary approaches.This report presents a case of fused teeth treated by he-misection and discusses the clinical features and treatment options.

Aiming at status of training the rural order directed free medical educational talents, we should improve the understanding of training the free medical students, perfect the relevant management system, strengthen medical ethics education of students, pay attention to humanistic care of students,strengthen the continuing education of students, standardize the access system of students, reform the medical distribution system, to ensure the quality of training free medical students.