Objective To understand the status of knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of foodborne parasitic diseases among senior high school students in Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Methods A total of 1 353 senior high school students were selected with the cluster sampling method and investigated with the questionnaires in Zigui County,and the data were ana?lyzed statistically. Results Among the 1 353 students surveyed,the awareness rates of parasitic diseases,their hazards and transmissions were 62.23%(842 cases),80.78%(1 093 cases)and 83.89%(1 135 cases)respectively. The awareness rate of parasitic diseases in the students of senior Grade One was higher than that of Grade Two(χ2 =7.037,P<0.05). The formation rates of behaviors of refusing of raw food,refusing of unboiled water,and dining at home or school in the students of senior Grade One were higher than those of Grade Two(χ2=6.970,12.749 and 12.921 respectively,and all P<0.05). Fifty?one per?cent(690 cases)of students would not have the food with the infection risk of parasitic diseases. Conclusion The awareness of parasitic diseases of high school students in Zigui County is not efficient,and the health education should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the current situations in self-management of cancer patients over peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and the influencing factors. Method Self-designed general demographic data form, disease-related questionnaire and PICC self-management ability for cancer patients were used to investigate 98 tumor patients with PICC. Results The total score on self-management ability of the cancer patient with PICC was (150.85 ± 17.35). The influencing factors of their self-management of PICC included education level, economic condition, presence or absence of long-term caregivers and cognitive disorders, all contributive to the prediction of 28.60%total variance for the patients′self-management capability. Conclusions Cancer patients have a better ability in managing PICC, but a few patients failed to grasp self-management skills, which was resulted from many factors. Nurses should pay more attention to those with less education, under poorer economic conditions and without long-term caregivers, and provide them with more care and education so as to comprehensively improve their self-management skills.

Objective To determine and compare the daily cost of various ophthalmic solutions for glaucoma in China. Design Investigative study. Participants The majority ophthalmic solutions for glaucoma available in our country were included in the research. Methods Five bottles of each solution were tested separately by five researchers. After the number of drops and the actual volume for each bottle were calculated, the mean number of drops per bottle and the mean volume per bottle were determined. The volume per drop was calculated by dividing the mean volume per bottle by the mean number of drops per bottle, and the cost per drop was calculated by dividing the market price by the mean number of drops in a bottle. The number of days for both eyes usage per bottle was calculated by dividing the mean number of drops in a bottle by the number of drops required daily for both eyes. The cost per day was calculated by multiplying the cost per drop by the number of drops required daily for both eyes. Main Outcome Measures The number of days for both eyes usage per bottle and the daily cost: for both eyes usage per bottle. Results 1. The volume per drop ranged from 0.027 ml(Lumigan) to 0.053 ml(Chengrui and 0.5%Zhenrui). 2. The cost per bottle ranged from 5.7Yuan(Malaisuan Saimaluo'er) to 338Yuan (Xalatan). 3. The number of days for both eyes usage per bottle ranged from 52d (Lumigan) to 12d ( Zhenrui). 4. The daily cost for both eyes usage from expensive to cheap were Xalatan 7.51Yuan, Travatan 6.30 Yuan, Lumigan 3.84 Yuan, Alphagan 3.36 Yuan, Dilijian 2.97 Yuan, Pailiming 2.83 Yuan, 2%Zhenrui 2.34 Yuan, Betagan 2.11 Yuan, Beiteshu 2.0 Yuan, 0.5% Zhenrui 1.49 Yuan, 2%Huming 1.29 Yuan, Mikelan 1.21 Yuan,1%Huming 0.85 Yuan, Chengrui 0.63 Yuan, Malaisuan Saimaluo'er 0.23 Yuan. Conclusions The daily cost of ophthalmic solution for glaucoma ranged wildly. These data may be useful in selecting ophthalmic solution for glaucoma therapy.

Lycopus lucidus is a herbal drug that can invigorate blood circulation,resolve blood stasis and improve microcirculation. In our further study of its pharmacological function and to identify its effective components,its effect on the hemorrheology of rat was used as a guide to evaluate the relative strength of four different extraction fractions of the drug. Results showed that fraction L. F04 and L. F02 were effective in reducing the blood viscosity,with L. Fo4 showing the best effect. This function of L. F04 was believed to be related to its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and to improve the compostion of plasma

Objective To explore the effect of case discussion and process evaluation on the teaching of obstetric and gynecological nursing. Methods In April 2014, case discussion and process evaluation were used in the teaching of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy for 50 undergraduate students recruited in 2011. Group tests were used to evaluate the learning outcomes. Results The score of the 50 students ranged from 50 to 100, with the mean score of 83.6 ± 11.2 for the individual test. By group test, the score ranged from 64 to 88,with the mean score of 78.5 ± 8.8, 87.8% to 95.9% of the students were satisfied with this teaching method. Conclusions Case discussion and process evaluation can improve the teachers′competence, enrich the contents of teaching. It is effective to cultivate the students′critical thinking and competence in using knowledge to solve the clinical problems.

Objective To know the effect of using clustering intervention on insulin injection in the patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 123 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected in the research.Clustering intervention was carried out in these patients with a series of effective measures to develop and integrate the application.Compared the controlling condition of blood sugar and the condition of insulin injection in patients by self control.Results The fasting blood glucose and the postprandial blood glucose after the intervention was (5.91±0.41) mmol/L and (8.27±0.53)mmol/L respectively,which was significant lower than that of before the intervention [(8.94±1.32) mmol/L and (11.15±1.34)mmol/L respectively,P＜0.01].Conclusion Clustering intervention can regulate insulin injections,improve patients' ability of self-management and the treatment compliance,effectively control blood sugar and delay or reduce complications after the implementation of cluster intervention.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale(P-ESES) among Chinese population. Methods The Chinese version of P-ESES was translated from the original one,back-translated and adjusted for cultural adaptation. The reliability and validity were tested among 274 eligible pregnant women recruited in one obstetric outpatient clinic from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou using convenience sampling. Results The content validity index (CVI) of the Chinese version of P-ESES was 0.98. Factor analysis extracted three common factors,which explained 60.649% of the total variance,and each item had high fac-tor loading quantity(>0.4). The test-retest reliability was 0.531,and Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.804. Conclusion The Chinese version of the P-ESES has been proved to be reliable and valid. It is a valuable tool for evaluating exercise self-efficacy among pregnant women in mainland China.

Objective To investigate the relationships between exercise and exercise self-efficacy and knowledge in pregnant women. Methods A total of 274 pregnant women were recruited from a tertiary level first class hospital from July to November 2015 in Guangzhou by convenience sampling method. They were investigated with the social relational scale, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionaire, the Pregnancy Exercise Self-efficacy Scale, the Pregnancy Exercise knowledge Scale. Results Only 22.6％ (62/274) of the women met the international guideline for exercise. Score of the exercise self-efficacy and exercise were positively correlated(r=0.203, P=0.000). Score of the knowledge and exercise were positively correlated(r=0.103, P=0.032). Score of the exercise self-efficacy and knowledge were meaningless(r=0.098, P=0.106). Conclusions It is suggested to take more actions to enhance the recognition of pregnant women for exercise. Conviction formed after thinking knowledge gradually, by faith again dominate action, ultimately promote the perinatal health of pregnant women.

0.05);Single factor analysis showed that,8 factors such as planned pregnancy,gender expectation of mother and father of spouses,relation of primiparas with mother and father of their spouses were independently related to depression in spouse of primiparas;multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that,social support,books and media with postpartum health care knowledge,gender expectation of mother and father of spouses were main factors that related to stress in spouses of primiparas(?=-0.68,-0.15,-0.13).Conclusion:Spouses of primiparas experience the same medium-leveled stress as primiparas.The related factors were multifold and the main factors were social support,books and media with postpartum health care knowledge,gender expectation of mother and father of spouses.

BACKGROUND:The influence of Tol-like receptor 2 (TLR2), Tol-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Tol-like receptor 6 (TLR6) signal transduction pathway and active Treg in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura has been unknown.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Treg immune response in patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, and to explore the role of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and Treg activation in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
METHODForty-two hospitalized children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura were enrol ed in this study. Another 15 healthy children were selected as controls. TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 at protein level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by flow cytometey;reverse-transcription PCR and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the level of MyD88;the levels of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. t-test or t’-test was used to compare the levels of these genes and proteins. Pearson’s correlation test was done for correlation analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the protein levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and the relative expression level of MyD88 mRNA were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). The serum levels of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin-10 were higher in the Henoch-Schonlein purpura children than the healthy children (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the protein levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and mRNA level of MyD88 (P<0.01), but no relationship was found between TLRs and interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β(P>0.05). The excessive activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 may be involved in the process of Henoch-Schonlein purpura via MyD88-dependent pathway, and the compensatory activation of Treg may participate in protective immunity.