OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Through literature retrieval, the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in peri-anesthesia period are summarized. It is found out that TEAS can reduce anesthetics consumption, relieve stress reaction of surgery, stabilize patients' hemodynamics, reduce surgical complication and improve immune function and quality of recovery; besides, it has protective function on heart, brain, liver, stomach, intestines and so on. However, except certain analgesic effect, the sham TEAS and transcutaneous electrial nerve stimulation do not have other functions of TEAS. The acupoint selection and stimulation parameter of TEAS in assisting anesthesia are still needed be improved and united.
Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Objective To investigate the changes of serum protein profile of rats in psychological stress and in analogous psychological training,identify the differential expression proteins,and assess the effectiveness of psychological training.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into psychological training group,psychological stress group,control group and stressor group (8 each).Rats in stressor group received intermittent foot-shock.Instead of foot-shock,the rats in psychological stress group animals received the stimulation information from stressor group by watching,listening and smelling.Rats in psychological training group were put in special equipment and received stimulation information from stressor group synchronously,and in control group were kept in individual cages and received no stress.Experiments were performed once a morning for two weeks.The changes of serum protein profile of rats in psychological training group,psychological stress group and control group were determined and statistically analyzed by Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) after the experiments.Results Variance analysis showed that the relative contents of proteins with M/Z value of 7820.51,8870.18,6860.85,8625.13 and 11413.91Da were significantly different (P

Objective To investigate the mental health and personality of soldiers operated inside and outside tunnels,and explore the necessity and particularity of mental training.Method One hundred and four soldiers worked inside tunnel and 88 outside tunnel were tested by Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) and Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ),and the results were analyzed statistically.Result With an exception of phobia,the SCL-90 scores of most factors were significantly higher in the soldiers worked inside tunnel than outside tunnel(P0.05) on EPQ-E and EPQ-P scores.Some of SCL-90 index scores showed positive correlation with EPQ-P and N dimension scores,and negative correlation with EPQ-E dimension score(P0.05).Conclusion Personality feature is an important factor that influences the mental health of soldiers worked inside tunnel.It is important to adopt appropriate mental training and improve the adaptability of soldiers to the military environment.

Objective To explore the mechanisms on the damage in fetus liver,kidney and brain with administration of mifepristone and mesoproseol.Methods 17 specimens were obtained from the women who volunteered to terminate their pregnancy during 10～28 weeks.According to the fetus weight,they were divided into 3 groups.Immunohistochemistery was induced to investigate the expressions of pur-?,HSP70.Results The expressions of pur-? and HSP70 could be observed in both the treatment group and the control group.pur-? and HSP70 are the targets in detecting the damage of DNA.But pur-? was more sensitive than HSP70.The damage on group Ⅱ is the strongest.Conclusion Mifepristone can lead to the damage to lover,kidney and brain in mid-pregnancy.Its damage will be reducing as the growing of fetus.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the independent risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene mutation often results in the increase of plasma homocysteine levels, but the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of MTHFR and cerebrovascular diseases is not significant.