OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Through literature retrieval, the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in peri-anesthesia period are summarized. It is found out that TEAS can reduce anesthetics consumption, relieve stress reaction of surgery, stabilize patients' hemodynamics, reduce surgical complication and improve immune function and quality of recovery; besides, it has protective function on heart, brain, liver, stomach, intestines and so on. However, except certain analgesic effect, the sham TEAS and transcutaneous electrial nerve stimulation do not have other functions of TEAS. The acupoint selection and stimulation parameter of TEAS in assisting anesthesia are still needed be improved and united.
Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Objective To evaluate the effects of different types of extracorporeal circuits (ECCs) on the concentrations of sufentanil in the priming solution.Methods The experiment was performed in three groups (n =6 each).Two types of ECCs were used:Xi-jing type 90 oxygenator (group Ⅰ) and Termo Capiox SX18 membrane oxygenator (group Ⅱ),while in control group (group Ⅲ) a glass container was used.The ECC and glass container were filled with the priming solution (succinylated gelatin 1000 ml + lactated Ringer' s solution 1000 ml).Sufentanil 15 μg (concentration 7.5 ng/ml) was then added to the priming solution.The priming solution was circulated in the closed ECC or stirred in the glass container.The concentration of sufentanil in the priming solution was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at 3,5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80 and 90 min after addition of sufentanil.Results The concentration of sufentanil in the priming solution was significantly decreased at the different time points in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ as compared with group Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of sufentanil in the priming solution was significantly lower at each time point in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Both the two types of ECCs can absorb sufentanil and the adsorption of Xi-jing type 90 oxygenator is stronger than that of Termo Capiox SX18 membrane oxygenator.

Objective To evaluate the value of color ultrasound-guided biopsy in diagnosing breast masses. Methods The breast masses of 20 patients were punctured with automatic biopsy gun guided by color ultrasound and analysed by pathological examination. Results The mass tissues of all 20 patients were acquired successfully and diagnosed by pathology. Compared with the results of postoperative pathology,the accuracy rate of preoperative pathological diagnosis was 95%. Conclusions The automatic biospy guided by color ultrasound in diagnosis of breast masses has many advantages,such as simple technique,accurate diagnosis and few complication.

Glucocorticoid is the first choice for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children. But due to various reasons, nephrotic syndrome becomes hormone dependent or resistant, and progresses into refractory nephrotic syndrome in some children, which forces the clinician to constantly look for new immunosuppressants in order to alleviate the condition.,Rituximab injection (RTX) as a monoclonal antibody against CD20 has been widely used in the treatment of a variety of immune diseases in recent years. The use of RTX in refractory nephrotic syndrome in children, its main adverse effects and possible mechanisms was reviewed in this article.

Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is one of the most frequently seen pathogenic bacteria in human beings. Hp infection is closely related to the occurrence and development of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Therefore,eradication of Hp is very important for the prevention and treatment of such diseases. This article reviewed the progress in research on therapeutic regimen for Hp eradication.