Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and operation of a modified coaxial portals for posterior ankle arthroscopy. Methods 20 anticeptic-frozen ankle specimens were divided into 2 teams at random equally. In the first team, the original coaxial portals designed by Acevedo were established with K-wires first, then followed by modified coaxial portals. In the second team, modified coaxial portals were created at two levels, one at 1.5 cm proximal to the tip of lateral malleolus and the other at 2.5 cm to the tip. K-wires were left in place for distance measurement between them and the posterior important anatomic structures. Mimic ankle arthroscopy operation was performed on 5 fresh ankle amputations, using 2.7 mm, 30? arthroscopy with the modified coaxial portals technique. Results Results of the anatomic study show that the average distince was (22.07+2.82) mm to the small saphenous vein, (5.39+1.47) mm to flexor hallucis longus tendon, (6.27+1.84) mm to the tibial nerve in modified coaxial portals and (8.54+2.76) mm to the small saphenous, (3.62+1.37) mm to flexor hallucis longus, (4.40+1.40) mm to the tibial nerve in the original one. Only the difference of the average distance to the tibial nerve in the No.2 team has statistic significance. Flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum tendon were identified as the inner-safety landmarks. Neither penetration nor contact of nerve or vessel was observed. Conclusion Compared with original ankle posterior coaxial portals, the modified coaxial portals may be superior safety, easier-operated and reproducible.

Objective To explore the characteristics of narcissism in a sample of violent criminal and analyze the relationship between narcissism and impulsive-premeditated violent aggression.Methods A total of 88 violent criminal were administered by means of cluster random sampling with the Chinese version of the Impulsivepremeditated Aggression Scale and the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire.Results (1) Comparing with the impulsive violent criminal,premeditated violent criminal had higher level of Overt narcissism,and the difference was statistically significant(59.77±10.89,54.67±10.15; P＜0.05).(2) Overt narcissism had significantly positive correlation with premeditated aggression(r=0.560; P＜0.01) ;and covert narcissism had significantly positive correlation with impulsive aggression(r=0.440; P＜0.01).(3)The authority and self-admiration traits of overt narcissism had significantly positive prediction to premeditated aggression(β=0.442,P＜0.01;β=0.297,P＜0.05);The vulnerability trait of covert narcissism has significantly positive prediction to impulsive aggression(β=0.526,P＜0.01).Conclusion Overt narcissism can result in premeditated aggression;Covert narcissism can result in impulsive aggression.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of color doppler ultrasound(CDU)in combination of computed tomographie angiography(CTA)in diagnosis of the arteriosclerosis occlusion.Methods:43 patients with arteriosclerosis occlusion were assessed by color doppler ultrasound,CTA and digital subtraction angiography(DSA).By using DSA as the reference standard,the results were compared.Results The sensitivity.specificity,positive and negative predictive values for CDU were 82.96%,95.2%,94.92%,83.8% respectively.Those for CTA were 88.89%,96.75%,96.77%,88.81% respectively,and for the two combination,were 94.81%,99.17%,99.22%,94.44% respectively.Conclusion The color doppler ultrasound combined with CTA is an effective way in diagnosing arteriosclerosis occlusion.

Objective To establish an animal model of high-iodine and low-protein in Wistar rats,and to observe the effect of combined excess-iodine and low-protein diet on growth,metabolism and morphological changes in thyroid.Methods According to body weight[(110 ± 10)g] and sex(half male and half female),one hundred and ninety-two Wistar rats,1 month after weaning,were randomly divided into ① normal iodine control group (NI),② 10-fold excess-iodine group (10HI),③ 50-fold excess-iodine group (50HI),④ 100-fold excess-iodine group (100HI),⑤ low-protein control group (LC),⑥ low-protein and l 0-fold excess-iodine group (L10HI),⑦low-protein and 50-fold excess-iodine group (L50HI),⑧ low-protein and 100-fold excess-iodine group(L100HI).Twenty-four rats were in each group,with the experimental period of 6 months.The iodine content of NI and LC groups was 4.65 μg/d; 10HI,50HI and 100HI groups were 46.50,232.50 and 465.00 μg/d,respectively.The animal's body weight,water and feed consumption were recorded weekly.At the end of 60,120,180 days,urine and blood samples were collected from eight rats in each group.Urinary iodine was tested by arseni cerium catalytic spectrophotometry; serum iodine was tested by the method of chloric acid.Histological change of the thyroid gland was observed by transmission electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining at the end of 6 months; apoptosis of thyroid was tested by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.Results At the end of 4,8,16,18,22 and 24 weeks,the differences of body mass of rats among groups were statistically significant(F =4.26,3.75,4.98,4.09,3.28,3.95,all P ＜ 0.05).At the end of 60,120,180 days,the differences of iodine concentration in urine and blood among groups were statistically significantly (H =5.37,6.03,all P ＜ 0.05).Light microscopy showed that thyroid follicular epithelial cells became flattened,and follicles became distended with colloid following increasing of iodine concentration.Electron microscopy showed increased glial vesicles,condensation of nuclear chromatin,karyopyknosis,and karyolysis with increasing of iodine concentration.The differences of apoptotic indexes among groups were statistically significant (F =4.59,P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic indexes of L50HI and L100HI groups [(21.50 ± 5.20)‰,(26.70 ± 6.40)‰] were higher than those of 50HI and 100HI groups [(11.20 ± 4.30)‰,(19.40 ± 4.80)‰,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Excessiodine and low-protein can cause growth retardation,abnormal iodine metabolism,and thyroid follicular epithelium damage in Wistar rats.

Objective To evaluate the inverse distance weighted(IDW) in revealing the characteristics of spatial distribution of water fluoride in Heze City,Shandong Province.Methods A geographic information system (GIS) database of water fluoride was established in Heze City of Shandong Province using the data of endemic fluorosis surveys collected by Endemic Disease Prevention Institute in Shandong Province during 2005-2007.IDW spatial interpolation was applied to predict the distribution of fluoride in drinking water in 139 towns of Heze City.Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results Mean water fluoride levels in 10 counties of Heze City were all higher than 1.0 mg,/L,and the water fluoride in Cao County,Juye,Mudan District and Juancheng were higher than 2.0 mg/L.Of all 139 townships of Heze City,129 were higher fluoride townships where fluoride was ＞ 1.0 mg/L,10 were lower fluoride townships(≤ 1.0 mg/L).IDW spatial interpolation showed that the water fluoride of most areas in Heze City were ＞ 1.0-2.0 mg/L.The areas with water fluoride of ＞ 2.0-3.0 mg/L were mainly located in eastern Juancheng,northern Mudan District,north-central Chengwu,central and southern Juye,southeastern part of Caoxian and eastern part of Shan Town.Regions of water fluoride ＞ 3.0 mg/L were mainly distributed in Xieji and Wanfeng towns of Juye County,Jishan town of Juancheng County,Sunlaojia town of Caoxian and Dusi town of Mudan County.The internal verification results showed that the sensitivity,specificity and overall accuracy rate of IDW used for predicting water fluoride content was 100.00％ (129/129),10.00％ (1/10) and 93.53％ (130/139),respectively.While the external verification results showed that the sensitivity,specificity and overall accuracy rate of IDW for predicting water fluoride content was 100.00％(31/31),11.11％(1/9) and 80.00％(32/40),respectively.Conclusion With the application of IDW interpolation,it is feasible to infer the overall spatial distribution based on the monitoring data,and to reveal the spatial characteristics of water fluoride in Heze City,Shandong Province.

ObjectiveTo summarize the occurrence of missed diagnosis of periampullary diverticulum (PAD) with pancreatobiliary diseases and analyze its underlying reasons.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 194 patients with PAD complicated with pancreatobiliary diseases from January 2006 to December 2011 in our hospital ResultsAt the first onset of pancreatobiliary diseases,the diagnosis of PAD was made in 48 patients (correct diagnosis group) and missed in 146patients (missed diagnosis group),with a rate of missed diagnosis of 75.3％.At the second,third and fourth onsets of pancreatobiliary diseases in the missed diagnosis group patients,the rates of missed diagnosis were 37.7％,21.8％,and 0％ respectively.There were no significant differences between the correct diagnosis group and the missed diagnosis group with respect to sex,age or the kinds of pancreatobiliary diseases (P＞0.05).But there were significant differences in the two groups with respect to different medical groups,period of admission,the frequency of application of CT,magnetic resonance (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP),duodenal endoscopy/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and upper gastrointestinal contrast radiography (P＜0.05).The accuracy rates of CT,MRI,MRCP,upper gastrointestinal contrast radiography and duodenal endoscopy/ERCP for the diagnosis of PAD were 30.0％,31.5％,36.3％,64.5％ and 100.0％ respectively.At the first,second,third and fourth onset of pancreatobiliary diseases,the application rates of duodenal endoscopy/ERCP were 18.0％,33.6％,70.9％ and 91.7％,respectively.Compared with the missed diagnosis group,recurrence rate of symptom were lower significantly in the diagnosis group 1,2,and 3 years post-treatmnet.ConclusionsThe missed diagnosis of PAD complicated with pancreatobiliary diseases is rather common,mainly due to insufficient understanding for PAD.As a result,for PAD patients with pancreatobiliary diseases,the correct diagnosis rates of CT,MRI,MRCP and upper gastrointestinal contrast are low and the use of duodenal endoscopy/ERCP is insufficient.

Objective To evaluate the surgical treatment of the acute posterolateral complex(PLC)injuries of knee joint and then observe the clinical outcome.Methods Twelve cases(12 knees)of acute PLC injuries were treated from May 2006 to October 2008.Patients' age ranged from 23 to 47 years old,average 31 years.There were 9 males and 3 females.Rebuild the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)and posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)under arthroscope and then,locally suture the PLC injuries sites on those patients with PLC avulsion fraction.If there is PLC rupture,then locally suture the injury sites plus PLC reconstruction.Knee functions were evaluated by IKDC and Lysholm score.Results All patients were followed up for 12-18 months(mean,13.3 months).The preoperative range of motion was 118.00°±6.77°,which was 130.75°±3.05° after surgery.KT-1000 arthrometer measurement showed that the average posterior translation improved from(14.85+1.83)mm preoperatively to(4.18±1.88)mm postoperatively.Seven cases were normal(A grade),3 cases were nearly normal(B grade),1 abnormal(C grade),and 1 severely abnormal(D grade)according to IKDC standard.The preoperative Lysholm joint function score was 35-44,average 38.83 ±3.16,which was 79-91,average 84.92±3.73 after surgery.Conclusion To those acute PLC injuries with avulsion at the ligament extremities,locally suture should be taken.But for those with PLC rupture at the mid part of ligament,locally suture the injury sites plus PLC reconstruction helps get satisfactory outcome.

Objective To understand the status quo of the illness situation and the implementation of prevention and control measures on Kashin-Beck disease( KBD ) in Shandong Province , and provide a scientific basis for assessment and acceptance of the work on eliminating KBD. Methods In accordance with the requirements of the national “Implementation Scheme for Endemic Disease Control in 2012” and the “Shandong Provincial Technical Scheme for KBD Control in 2012”. In four towns of Qingzhou, three epidemic villages were selected as the surveying villages in each town in order to understand the implementation of measures for prevention and control of KBD; information such as population of investigating villages, per capita income, farming, food and the implementation of control measures,etc were included. In each investigating village, 7 - 12 years old children were selected to receive clinical and X-ray examination. When fewer than 50 people in a investigating village , one additional endemic village was included near the investigating village , and all children aged 7 to 12 of the village were checked. The number of cases of clinical degree Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲand the detection rates, X-ray positive detection rate, the number of cases of metaphysis, epiphysis, distal end of phalanx, carpal bone, triad and the detection rates were calculated, respectively. Clinical and X-ray diagnosis were based on “The Diagnostic Criteria of Kaschin-Beck disease”(WS/T 207-2010). Results A total of 14 epidemic villages were selected to survey in four towns of Qingzhou. In the recent three years in the epidemic areas, measures of supplying Se had not been implemented;measures of resettlement and off-site education had not been implemented either. In the epidemic areas , the main crops were wheat and corn; the staple food was flour which accounted for more than 80%, and the foreign food bought accounted for only 11%. The areas of returning farmland to forest (grass) accounted for 0.32%(36/11 151) of the original arable land, and the areas of replanting economic crops accounted for 1.17%(131/11 151) of the original farmland. A total of 536 children aged 7 to 12 were examined by clinical and X-rays. Patient of KBD was not detected clinically. Six positive patients with metaphyseal changes of KBD were detected by X-rays, and the average X-ray detection rate was 1.12%(6/536). Patients with abnormal epiphysis, distal end of phalanx and carpal bone were not detected by X-rays. Conclusions KBD in Shandong Province has been effectively controlled. Since the cause of KBD is still unknown, it is necessary to build a sustainable long-term control mechanism of KBD;further improve the monitoring system and dynamic monitoring work still need to be strengthened.

Objective To study the effect of background music on spatial long-term learning and memory in rats.Methods Morris' water maze was used to examine the mean latencies and strategies of the rats to the target while playing rock music(RM) and light music(LM).The long-term memory was tested on day 7 after the training sessions.Results During Morris' water maze training,no significant difference was found in the mean latencies and the strategies to the target between RM and LM groups as well as LM and the normal control(NC) groups.But the mean latency in RM group was significantly longer than that in the NC group.The average percentage of straight strategy in RM group was significantly smaller than that in the NC group.The examination of memories,when tested on day 7 after the end of training,indicated that the mean latencies and the strategies to the target as well as the time taken to cross the target in the three groups were not significantly different.Conclusion Background rock music can influence the spatial learning ability,but not the spatial long-term memory.On the other hand,there is no effect in the spatial long-term learning and memory when light background music is played.

Objective To explore the influences of selenium,age,sex,education level,occupation and other factors on cognitive function in elderly of rural areas in Shandong Province.Methods Rural Chinese aged 65 years or older were sampled from Gaomi County and Zichuan County from 2006 to 2007 in Shandong,Province by cluster sampling method.Demographic characteristics were collected,and cognitive functions were surveyed using dementia community survey(CSID),including dementia test,CERAD word list learning,recall test,Indiana University (IU) story recall test and impact test on animals.The nail samples were collected and the selenium content was tested using 2,3-diamino-naphthalene fluorescence assay.The relationship between selenium and other related factors(age,sex,education level,occupation,et al) With cognitive function was analyzed.Results A total of 1 000 people aged 65 years or older were investigated.In which,457 were males,and 543 were females.Most elderly were farmers and illiteracy.The differences of CSID total scores and IU story recall scores between different selenium groups were statistically significant(F =2.56,9.18,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).Multiple linear regression model analysis showed,age,sex,education level,occupation,hypertension and nail selenium content had significant impact on CSID scores(t =-9.942,-6.848,5.391,2.276,-2.863,2.309,all P ＜ 0.05).Age,sex,education level,occupation and nail selenium content had significant impact on IU story recall test (t =-4.252,-2.021,8.203,2.528,4.490,all P ＜ 0.05).While age,sex,education level,occupation were main influence factors to animal fluency test(t =-7.951,-6.166,7.544,2.824,all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Selenium is a protective factor for cognitive function of elderly in Shandong Province.Besides,age,sex and education level also have impact on cognitive ability of rural elderly.