Objective To evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphism of HLA DQ and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Chinese population. Methods Odds ratios (OR) of HLA DQ allele (genotype, haplotype) distributions in patients with type 1 DM against healthy controls were analysed. All the relevant studies were identified, poor qualified studies were excluded and the publication bias was evaluated. The Meta analysis software (REVMAN 4.2) was applied for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies and for summarizing all the studies. Results DQA1*0301, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, DQB1*0303, DQB1*0401 and DQB1*0604, were the risky alleles (all P

This study was aimed to explore recognition models and to establish statistical pattern recognition methods of cold-hot property markers based on lipid components GC-MS chromatogram of Chinese materia medica (CMM). GC-MS fingerprints of lipid components contained in 60 kinds of cold or hot property of CMM were used as the research object. The database was established. Five types of model establishment strategies were compared. Optimal modeling patterns were screened for the identification of herbal property markers of lipid components GC-MS chromatogram. The results showed that support vector machine (SVM) was the best model to discriminate cold or hot property among 60 types of CMM, which were able to effectively mark the characteristic area. The strongest markers tending to cold property was at the retention time of 61.550 min, while the strongest markers tending to hot property was at the retention time of 31.395 min. It was concluded that cold or hot property of CMM had close relationship with lipid components. The lipid component was one of the material bases of CMM. The mathematical statistical model based on material base and herbal property can be used to identify and predict the cold and hot property of CMM.

Objective To build the forecasting system on spatial coverage of cumulative phenotypic frequency (CPF) of HLA- Ⅰ for designing HLA-based vaccines (epitopes or DNA vaccines) and evaluating their effects in China. Methods The spatial database of HLA- Ⅰgenes of Chinese (across the land of China) was set up, and then the spatial forecasting system of CPF was designed using Kriging technique.Results Using this spatial forecasting system, the vaccine designer could predict the spatial coverage of CPF for any combination of the alleles confined to a single class Ⅰ locus, either HLA-A or HLA-B, as well as for any combination of alleles at these two loci of each given population at any geographical location across the land of China. Conclusions This system is applicable in the following rields: ①To provide for the identification of alleles that represent a desired percentage of populations across the land of China and that can be targeted for vaccine composition. ② To predict the theoretical responder status of vaccines whose HLA restricted epitopes have already been known in given population at any geographical location across the land of China. (③) To identify how many individuals will be non-responders to a HLA-based vaccine across the land of China.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in 2012 and 2014,and to explore the preventive effect of the second dose of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) in mumps in Shandong province.Methods On the basis of certain model assumptions,a Space State model was formulated.Iterated Filter was applied to the epidemic model to estimate the parameters.Results The basic reproduction number (R0) for children in schools was 4.49 (95％ CI:4.30-4.67)and 2.50 (95％CI:2.38-2.61) respectively for the year of 2012 and 2014.Conclusions Space State model seems suitable for mumps prevalence description.The policy of 2-dose MuCV can effectively reduce the number of total patients.Children in schools are the key to reduce the mumps.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Mediterranean diet on blood glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:As to December 2021, the PubMed, Cochrance Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrance Database, Cochranc Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Medical Network system were searched for clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Mediterranean diet in patients with type 2 diabetes to conduct Meta-analysis The main observation index were cardiovascular risk factors, and the mean difference and its 95% confidence interval were used to estimate the effect size.Results:There were six RCTs, and 1181 patients met the inclusion criteria and entered the Meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the intervention group can significantly reduce the level of systolic blood pressure ( MD=-1.20, 95% CI-2.21 to -0.19) and diastolic blood pressure ( MD=-4.17, 95% CI-7.12 to -1.22) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there were no significant difference in the level of TC ( MD=2.92, 95% CI-0.84 to-6.67), HDL ( MD=2.33, 95% CI-0.27 to -4.92) and LDL ( MD=-2.34, 95% CI-5.67 to -0.99) between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The meta-analysis provided evidence the Mediterranean diet showed the beneficial improvements in blood pressure glycemic control, but the effect of Mediterranean diet on lipid profile was not significant, which needed further verification.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of adverse events of active medical devices in Shandong province, as well as the impact of device use duration on the risk rate of adverse events, for reference in improving the monitoring system of active medical device adverse events in China and the level of hospital medical quality management.Methods:The data came from the adverse event reporting data of active medical devices collected by Shandong Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from January 2019 to October 2021. The R software was used to analyze the distribution, cause and severity of adverse events, and a linear regression model of adverse event risk rate(Y) and adverse event time point(X) was established.Results:A total of 35 254 adverse events of active devices were included, of which 3 059 were serious injuries. The province/municipality with the largest number of reported adverse events was Shanghai(8 006 cases), and the least was Hainan province(4 cases); The majority of adverse events were reported by hospitals, with 34 056(96.60%). The medical devices reporting a higher number of adverse events were ventilators(688 cases), monitors(4 623 cases), infusion pumps(1 079 cases), syringe infusion pumps(1 995 cases), medical electron accelerators(529 cases)and infant incubators(513 cases). In the linear regression model, the risk rate of adverse events increased with the useduration of the device when 0.00%≤ X<14.14%; the risk rate of adverse events decreased with the increase of service time when 14.14%≤ X<100.00%. Conclusions:The number of adverse events reported in each province is different, and hospitals are the main reporting units.The causes of adverse events of different medical devices indicate different correlation strengths with the product itself. The use duration of medical devices poses a great impact on the risk rate of adverse events.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether obtaining a higher level of education was causally associated with lower breast cancer risk and to identify the causal mechanism linking them. Methods: The main data analysis used publicly available summary-level data from 2 large genome-wide association study consortia. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis used 65 genetic variants derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium as instrumental variables for years of schooling. The outcomes from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) were the overall breast cancer risk (122,977 cases/105,974 controls in women) and the two subtypes: estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and ER-negative breast cancer. Fixed and random effects inverse variance weighted methods were used to estimate the causal effects, along with other additional MR methods for sensitivity analyses. Results: Results showed that each additional standard deviation of 4.2 years of education was causally associated with a 27% lower risk of ER-negative breast cancer (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.84; p-value < 0.001). This finding was consistent with the results of the sensitivity analyses. Physical activities can help improve the protective effect of education against breast cancer, with relatively large mediation proportions. Education increases the risk of ER-positive breast cancer due to alterations in high-density lipoprotein level, triglyceride level, height, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and smoking status, with relative medium mediation proportions. Other mediators including low-density lipoprotein, hip circumference, number of cigarettes smoked per day, time spent performing light physical activity, and performing vigorous physical activity for > 10 minutes explain a small part of the causal effect of education on the risk of developing breast cancer, and their mediation proportion is approximately 1%. Conclusion A low level of education is a causal risk factor in the development of breast cancer as it is associated with poor lipid profile, obesity, smoking, and types of physical activity.

Objective To establish the norm of Sub-Health Measurement Scale for nurses in Shandong Province,so as to provide a basis for understanding the current situation of sub-health and provide a reference for promoting the health of nurses.Methods From December 2020 to February 2023,14,308 nurses from 23 public tertiary hospitals enrolled in the Nurse Health Cohort Study in Shandong Province were selected as participants by convenience sampling.The sub-health status was assessed by the Sub-Health Measurement Scale,and the sub-health norm of nurses was constructed by establishing the mean,percentile and demarcation norm.Results A total of 10669 nurses were included in the analysis.The total score of Sub-Health Measurement Scale of nurses in Shandong Province was(61.13±12.40),and the scores of physiological sub-health sub-scale,psychological sub-health sub-scale and social sub-health sub-scale were(58.35±11.86),(62.56±15.85)and(63.56±16.73),respectively.The mean norm of sub-health assessment scale was established by gender and age.Based on the results of univariate analysis,we selected the characteristics with differences,namely gender,age,marital status,working department,years of working,professional title and employment type to establish a classification norm.P5,P25,P50,P75 and P95 were select to establish percentile norm.Taking(x-s),(x-0.5s),(x+0.5s),(x+s)as the cut-off points,the demarcation norm of the Sub-Health Measurement Scale and sub-scales was established,which was divided into 5 categories,including disease,severe sub-health,moderate sub-health,mild sub-health and healthy states.Conclusion This study established the Sub-Health Measurement Scale norm of nurses,which provided a basis for effectively evaluating and identifying the sub-health status of nurses.

Objective:To explore the spatial clustering and trend of liver cancer mortality in different counties of Shandong province from 1970 to 2013, and provide scientific basis for the development of liver cancer prevention and control plan.Methods:Cancer mortality data were obtained from Shandong Death Registration System and three national death cause surveys in China. Mortality rate and age adjusted mortality rate were used to describe the trend of liver cancer in different years. Difference decomposing method was applied to estimate the contribution of demographic and non-demographic factors to the change of mortality. Software ArcGIS 10.2 was used for spatial analysis, and software SaTScan 9.4 was used for spatial clustering analysis on liver cancer mortality.Results:From 2011 to 2013, the crude mortality rate of liver cancer (29.89/100 000) in Shandong increased by 208.00 % and 35.37 % respectively compared with that during 1970-1974 (9.72/100 000) and 1990-1992 (22.08/100 000) and was similar to that during 2004-2005 (30.44/100 000). While age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) increased first and then decreased. The ASMR during 2011-2013 (12.62/100 000) increased by 60.97 % compared with that during 1970-1974 and decreased by 22.38 % and 21.81 % compared with that during 1990-1992 and 2004-2005, respectively. According to the difference decomposition analysis on liver cancer mortality in different years, the contribution of population factors to the liver cancer mortality rate increased from 3.38 % during 1990-1992 to 29.36 % during 2004-2005 and 46.16 % during 2011-2013. However, the contribution of non-population factors to the increase of liver cancer mortality decreased. According to the spatial distribution of liver cancer mortality, the crude mortality rate of liver cancer in different counties were quite different, ranging from 9.33/100 000 to 65.33/100 000. Using the spatial scanning statistical software to analyze the spatial clustering of liver cancer mortality, multi areas with high mortality rate of liver cancer were found, and they were mainly distributed in Jiaodong peninsula from 2011 to 2013, covering 20 counties (cities, districts) in Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai. The risk of liver cancer mortality in this area was 1.54 times higher than that in other areas. The spatial clustering distribution of liver cancer mortality during 1970-1974 was significantly different from that during 2011-2013, the areas with high mortality rate during 1970-1974 were mainly distributed in central and western Shandong. Conclusions:There were significant temporal and spatial distribution changes in the mortality rate of liver cancer in Shandong from 1970 to 2013. According to these trends and their geographical and spatial distribution, we should further explore the risk factors of liver cancer, and formulate feasible and area specific prevention and control measures for liver cancer.

Objective:To explore the causal associations of two blood pressure phenotype and four lipid fractions with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in European and East Asian populations using Two-Sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods:Blood pressure phenotype, lipid fractions and T2DM genetic loci from two ethnics were matched and combined according to single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) numbering. With SNPs closely related to the exposure phenotype as instrumental variables, the inverse variance weighting method was used to analyze the causal effects of blood pressure phenotype and lipid fractions on T2DM in different ethnic groups. The sensitivity analysis was conducted using MR-Egger regression model, Weighted Median method, MR-PRESSO, MR-robust Adjusted Profile Score, and leave-one-out method.Results:Among European populations, systolic blood pressure( OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.23-1.59, P<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure( OR =1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42, P=0.002)were associated with increased risk of T2DM while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol( OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.62-0.76, P<0.001) reduced the risk of T2DM. In East Asian ethnicity, elevated diastolic blood pressure( OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.95, P=0.007) reduced the risk of T2DM. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the results. Conclusion:There are differences in the effects of blood pressure phenotype and lipid composition on T2DM in different ethnic groups, which may be related to population heterogeneity and exposure sensitivity. It should be taken into consideration in extrapolation.